Ignore:
Timestamp:
21/09/12 23:55:01 (8 years ago)
Author:
fielding@…
Message:

Do not require Content-Length on responses that do not have a body.
This was actually an existing requirement in RFC2616:

Applications SHOULD use this field to indicate the transfer-length of
the message-body, unless this is prohibited by the rules in section
4.4.

because 4.4 does not prohibit sending of content-length, even though
it is believed what was meant by 2616 is that the SHOULD does not
apply to messages that prohibit a body.

Anyway, this change should clarify it, and the other requirements
on sending content-length, once and for all, at the cost of a bit
of duplication between p1 and p2.

File:
1 edited

Legend:

Unmodified
Added
Removed

  • draft-ietf-httpbis/latest/p1-messaging.html

    r1905 r1908  
    449449  }
    450450  @bottom-center {
    451        content: "Expires March 22, 2013";
     451       content: "Expires March 25, 2013";
    452452  }
    453453  @bottom-right {
    … …  
    492492      <meta name="dct.creator" content="Reschke, J. F.">
    493493      <meta name="dct.identifier" content="urn:ietf:id:draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-latest">
    494       <meta name="dct.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2012-09-18">
     494      <meta name="dct.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2012-09-21">
    495495      <meta name="dct.replaces" content="urn:ietf:rfc:2145">
    496496      <meta name="dct.replaces" content="urn:ietf:rfc:2616">
    … …  
    524524            </tr>
    525525            <tr>
    526                <td class="left">Expires: March 22, 2013</td>
     526               <td class="left">Expires: March 25, 2013</td>
    527527               <td class="right">greenbytes</td>
    528528            </tr>
    529529            <tr>
    530530               <td class="left"></td>
    531                <td class="right">September 18, 2012</td>
     531               <td class="right">September 21, 2012</td>
    532532            </tr>
    533533         </tbody>
    … …  
    556556         in progress”.
    557557      </p>
    558       <p>This Internet-Draft will expire on March 22, 2013.</p>
     558      <p>This Internet-Draft will expire on March 25, 2013.</p>
    559559      <h1><a id="rfc.copyrightnotice" href="#rfc.copyrightnotice">Copyright Notice</a></h1>
    560560      <p>Copyright © 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.</p>
    … …  
    13561356      </p>
    13571357      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.p.5">The presence of a message body in a response depends on both the request method to which it is responding and the response
    1358          status code (<a href="#status.line" title="Status Line">Section&nbsp;3.1.2</a>). Responses to the HEAD request method never include a message body because the associated response header fields (e.g., <a href="#header.transfer-encoding" class="smpl">Transfer-Encoding</a>, <a href="#header.content-length" class="smpl">Content-Length</a>, etc.) only indicate what their values would have been if the request method had been GET. <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.2xx" class="smpl">2xx (Successful)</a> responses to CONNECT switch to tunnel mode instead of having a message body. All <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" class="smpl">1xx (Informational)</a>, <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.204" class="smpl">204 (No Content)</a>, and <a href="p4-conditional.html#status.304" class="smpl">304 (Not Modified)</a> responses <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> include a message body. All other responses do include a message body, although the body <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be of zero length.
     1358         status code (<a href="#status.line" title="Status Line">Section&nbsp;3.1.2</a>). Responses to the HEAD request method never include a message body because the associated response header fields (e.g., <a href="#header.transfer-encoding" class="smpl">Transfer-Encoding</a>, <a href="#header.content-length" class="smpl">Content-Length</a>, etc.), if present, indicate only what their values would have been if the request method had been GET (<a href="p2-semantics.html#HEAD" title="HEAD">Section 4.3.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.11"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.2xx" class="smpl">2xx (Successful)</a> responses to CONNECT switch to tunnel mode instead of having a message body (<a href="p2-semantics.html#CONNECT" title="CONNECT">Section 4.3.6</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.12"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). All <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" class="smpl">1xx (Informational)</a>, <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.204" class="smpl">204 (No Content)</a>, and <a href="p4-conditional.html#status.304" class="smpl">304 (Not Modified)</a> responses <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> include a message body. All other responses do include a message body, although the body <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be of zero length.
    13591359      </p>
    13601360      <div id="rfc.iref.t.4"></div>
    … …  
    13811381      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.1.p.6">If more than one Transfer-Encoding header field is present in a message, the multiple field-values <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> be combined into one field-value, according to the algorithm defined in <a href="#header.fields" title="Header Fields">Section&nbsp;3.2</a>, before determining the message body length.
    13821382      </p>
    1383       <p id="rfc.section.3.3.1.p.7">Unlike <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-encoding" class="smpl">Content-Encoding</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#content.codings" title="Content Codings">Section 8.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.11"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>), Transfer-Encoding is a property of the message, not of the payload, and thus <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be added or removed by any implementation along the request/response chain. Additional information about the encoding parameters <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be provided by other header fields not defined by this specification.
     1383      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.1.p.7">Unlike <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-encoding" class="smpl">Content-Encoding</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#content.codings" title="Content Codings">Section 8.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.13"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>), Transfer-Encoding is a property of the message, not of the payload, and thus <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be added or removed by any implementation along the request/response chain. Additional information about the encoding parameters <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be provided by other header fields not defined by this specification.
    13841384      </p>
    13851385      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.1.p.8">Transfer-Encoding <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be sent in a response to a HEAD request or in a <a href="p4-conditional.html#status.304" class="smpl">304 (Not Modified)</a> response (<a href="p4-conditional.html#status.304" title="304 Not Modified">Section 4.1</a> of <a href="#Part4" id="rfc.xref.Part4.2"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests">[Part4]</cite></a>) to a GET request, neither of which includes a message body, to indicate that the origin server would have applied a transfer
    … …  
    13951395      <div id="rfc.iref.c.6"></div>
    13961396      <h3 id="rfc.section.3.3.2"><a href="#rfc.section.3.3.2">3.3.2</a>&nbsp;<a id="header.content-length" href="#header.content-length">Content-Length</a></h3>
    1397       <p id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.1">When a message does not have a <a href="#header.transfer-encoding" class="smpl">Transfer-Encoding</a> header field and the payload body length can be determined prior to being transferred, a Content-Length header field <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> be sent to indicate the length of the payload body that is either present as the message body, for requests and non-HEAD responses
    1398          other than <a href="p4-conditional.html#status.304" class="smpl">304 (Not Modified)</a>, or would have been present had the request been an unconditional GET. The length is expressed as a decimal number of octets.
     1397      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.1">When a message is allowed to contain a message body, does not have a <a href="#header.transfer-encoding" class="smpl">Transfer-Encoding</a> header field, and has a payload body length that is known to the sender before the message header section has been sent, the
     1398         sender <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> send a Content-Length header field to indicate the length of the payload body as a decimal number of octets.
    13991399      </p>
    14001400      <div id="rfc.figure.u.28"></div><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.54"></span>  <a href="#header.content-length" class="smpl">Content-Length</a> = 1*<a href="#core.rules" class="smpl">DIGIT</a>
    14011401</pre><p id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.3">An example is</p>
    14021402      <div id="rfc.figure.u.29"></div><pre class="text">  Content-Length: 3495
    1403 </pre><p id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.5">In the case of a response to a HEAD request, Content-Length indicates the size of the payload body (without any potential
    1404          transfer-coding) that would have been sent had the request been a GET. In the case of a <a href="p4-conditional.html#status.304" class="smpl">304 (Not Modified)</a> response (<a href="p4-conditional.html#status.304" title="304 Not Modified">Section 4.1</a> of <a href="#Part4" id="rfc.xref.Part4.3"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests">[Part4]</cite></a>) to a GET request, Content-Length indicates the size of the payload body (without any potential transfer-coding) that would
    1405          have been sent in a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.200" class="smpl">200 (OK)</a> response.
    1406       </p>
    1407       <p id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.6">Any Content-Length field value greater than or equal to zero is valid. Since there is no predefined limit to the length of
     1403</pre><p id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.5">A sender <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> send a Content-Length header field in any message that contains a <a href="#header.transfer-encoding" class="smpl">Transfer-Encoding</a> header field.
     1404      </p>
     1405      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.6">A server <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> send a Content-Length header field in a response to a HEAD request (<a href="p2-semantics.html#HEAD" title="HEAD">Section 4.3.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.14"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) in order to indicate the size of the payload body, excluding any potential transfer-coding, that would have been sent had
     1406         the same request been a GET.
     1407      </p>
     1408      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.7">A server <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> send a Content-Length header field in a <a href="p4-conditional.html#status.304" class="smpl">304 (Not Modified)</a> response to a conditional GET request (<a href="p4-conditional.html#status.304" title="304 Not Modified">Section 4.1</a> of <a href="#Part4" id="rfc.xref.Part4.3"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests">[Part4]</cite></a>) in order to indicate the size of the payload body, excluding any potential transfer-coding, that would have been sent in
     1409         a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.200" class="smpl">200 (OK)</a> response.
     1410      </p>
     1411      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.8">A server <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> send a Content-Length header field in any response with a status code of <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" class="smpl">1xx (Informational)</a> or <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.204" class="smpl">204 (No Content)</a>. A server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em> send a Content-Length header field in any <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.2xx" class="smpl">2xx (Successful)</a> response to a CONNECT request (<a href="p2-semantics.html#CONNECT" title="CONNECT">Section 4.3.6</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.15"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>).
     1412      </p>
     1413      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.9">Any Content-Length field value greater than or equal to zero is valid. Since there is no predefined limit to the length of
    14081414         an HTTP payload, recipients <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> anticipate potentially large decimal numerals and prevent parsing errors due to integer conversion overflows (<a href="#attack.protocol.element.size.overflows" title="Protocol Element Size Overflows">Section&nbsp;8.6</a>).
    14091415      </p>
    1410       <p id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.7">If a message is received that has multiple Content-Length header fields with field-values consisting of the same decimal value,
     1416      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.10">If a message is received that has multiple Content-Length header fields with field-values consisting of the same decimal value,
    14111417         or a single Content-Length header field with a field value containing a list of identical decimal values (e.g., "Content-Length:
    14121418         42, 42"), indicating that duplicate Content-Length header fields have been generated or combined by an upstream message processor,
    … …  
    14141420         that decimal value prior to determining the message body length.
    14151421      </p>
    1416       <div class="note" id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.8">
     1422      <div class="note" id="rfc.section.3.3.2.p.11">
    14171423         <p> <b>Note:</b> HTTP's use of Content-Length for message framing differs significantly from the same field's use in MIME, where it is an optional
    14181424            field used only within the "message/external-body" media-type.
    … …  
    16551661      </p>
    16561662      <p id="rfc.section.4.3.p.7">When multiple transfer-codings are acceptable, the client <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> rank the codings by preference using a case-insensitive "q" parameter (similar to the qvalues used in content negotiation
    1657          fields, <a href="p2-semantics.html#quality.values" title="Quality Values">Section 5.3.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.12"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). The rank value is a real number in the range 0 through 1, where 0.001 is the least preferred and 1 is the most preferred;
     1663         fields, <a href="p2-semantics.html#quality.values" title="Quality Values">Section 5.3.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.16"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). The rank value is a real number in the range 0 through 1, where 0.001 is the least preferred and 1 is the most preferred;
    16581664         a value of 0 means "not acceptable".
    16591665      </p>
    … …  
    16761682      </p>
    16771683      <p id="rfc.section.5.1.p.2">HTTP communication is initiated by a user agent for some purpose. The purpose is a combination of request semantics, which
    1678          are defined in <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.13"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>, and a target resource upon which to apply those semantics. A URI reference (<a href="#uri" title="Uniform Resource Identifiers">Section&nbsp;2.7</a>) is typically used as an identifier for the "<dfn>target resource</dfn>", which a user agent would resolve to its absolute form in order to obtain the "<dfn>target URI</dfn>". The target URI excludes the reference's fragment identifier component, if any, since fragment identifiers are reserved
     1684         are defined in <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.17"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>, and a target resource upon which to apply those semantics. A URI reference (<a href="#uri" title="Uniform Resource Identifiers">Section&nbsp;2.7</a>) is typically used as an identifier for the "<dfn>target resource</dfn>", which a user agent would resolve to its absolute form in order to obtain the "<dfn>target URI</dfn>". The target URI excludes the reference's fragment identifier component, if any, since fragment identifiers are reserved
    16791685         for client-side processing (<a href="#RFC3986" id="rfc.xref.RFC3986.16"><cite title="Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax">[RFC3986]</cite></a>, <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.5">Section 3.5</a>).
    16801686      </p>
    … …  
    17351741      </p>
    17361742      <div id="authority-form">
    1737          <p id="rfc.section.5.3.p.13"><span id="rfc.iref.a.3"></span> The authority-form of request-target is only used for CONNECT requests (<a href="p2-semantics.html#CONNECT" title="CONNECT">Section 4.3.6</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.14"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). When making a CONNECT request to establish a tunnel through one or more proxies, a client <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> send only the target URI's authority component (excluding any userinfo) as the request-target. For example,
     1743         <p id="rfc.section.5.3.p.13"><span id="rfc.iref.a.3"></span> The authority-form of request-target is only used for CONNECT requests (<a href="p2-semantics.html#CONNECT" title="CONNECT">Section 4.3.6</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.18"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). When making a CONNECT request to establish a tunnel through one or more proxies, a client <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> send only the target URI's authority component (excluding any userinfo) as the request-target. For example,
    17381744         </p>
    17391745      </div>
    17401746      <div id="rfc.figure.u.41"></div><pre class="text2">CONNECT www.example.com:80 HTTP/1.1
    17411747</pre><div id="asterisk-form">
    1742          <p id="rfc.section.5.3.p.15"><span id="rfc.iref.a.4"></span> The asterisk-form of request-target is only used for a server-wide OPTIONS request (<a href="p2-semantics.html#OPTIONS" title="OPTIONS">Section 4.3.7</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.15"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). When a client wishes to request OPTIONS for the server as a whole, as opposed to a specific named resource of that server,
     1748         <p id="rfc.section.5.3.p.15"><span id="rfc.iref.a.4"></span> The asterisk-form of request-target is only used for a server-wide OPTIONS request (<a href="p2-semantics.html#OPTIONS" title="OPTIONS">Section 4.3.7</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.19"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). When a client wishes to request OPTIONS for the server as a whole, as opposed to a specific named resource of that server,
    17431749            the client <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> send only "*" (%x2A) as the request-target. For example,
    17441750         </p>
    … …  
    18761882         except as noted above to replace an empty path with "/" or "*".
    18771883      </p>
    1878       <p id="rfc.section.5.8.p.3">A non-transforming proxy <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> preserve the message payload (<a href="p2-semantics.html#payload" title="Message Payload">Section 3.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.16"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>), though it <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> change the message body through application or removal of a transfer-coding (<a href="#transfer.codings" title="Transfer Codings">Section&nbsp;4</a>).
     1884      <p id="rfc.section.5.8.p.3">A non-transforming proxy <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> preserve the message payload (<a href="p2-semantics.html#payload" title="Message Payload">Section 3.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.20"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>), though it <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> change the message body through application or removal of a transfer-coding (<a href="#transfer.codings" title="Transfer Codings">Section&nbsp;4</a>).
    18791885      </p>
    18801886      <p id="rfc.section.5.8.p.4">A non-transforming proxy <em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em> modify header fields that provide information about the end points of the communication chain, the resource state, or the
    … …  
    18841890      </p>
    18851891      <ul>
    1886          <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.allow" class="smpl">Allow</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.allow" title="Allow">Section 7.4.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.17"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
    1887          </li>
    1888          <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-location" class="smpl">Content-Location</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-location" title="Content-Location">Section 3.3.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.18"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
     1892         <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.allow" class="smpl">Allow</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.allow" title="Allow">Section 7.4.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.21"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
     1893         </li>
     1894         <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-location" class="smpl">Content-Location</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-location" title="Content-Location">Section 3.2.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.22"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
    18891895         </li>
    18901896         <li>Content-MD5 (<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616#section-14.15">Section 14.15</a> of <a href="#RFC2616" id="rfc.xref.RFC2616.3"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1">[RFC2616]</cite></a>)
    … …  
    18941900         <li><a href="p4-conditional.html#header.last-modified" class="smpl">Last-Modified</a> (<a href="p4-conditional.html#header.last-modified" title="Last-Modified">Section 2.2</a> of <a href="#Part4" id="rfc.xref.Part4.5"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests">[Part4]</cite></a>)
    18951901         </li>
    1896          <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.server" class="smpl">Server</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.server" title="Server">Section 7.4.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.19"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
     1902         <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.server" class="smpl">Server</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.server" title="Server">Section 7.4.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.23"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
    18971903         </li>
    18981904      </ul>
    … …  
    19021908      </p>
    19031909      <ul>
    1904          <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-encoding" class="smpl">Content-Encoding</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-encoding" title="Content-Encoding">Section 3.3.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.20"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
     1910         <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-encoding" class="smpl">Content-Encoding</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-encoding" title="Content-Encoding">Section 3.2.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.24"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
    19051911         </li>
    19061912         <li><a href="p5-range.html#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> (<a href="p5-range.html#header.content-range" title="Content-Range">Section 5.2</a> of <a href="#Part5" id="rfc.xref.Part5.2"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Range Requests">[Part5]</cite></a>)
    19071913         </li>
    1908          <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-type" class="smpl">Content-Type</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-type" title="Content-Type">Section 3.3.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.21"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
     1914         <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-type" class="smpl">Content-Type</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-type" title="Content-Type">Section 3.2.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.25"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
    19091915         </li>
    19101916      </ul>
    … …  
    19191925      <p id="rfc.section.5.9.p.1">HTTP does not include a request identifier for associating a given request message with its corresponding one or more response
    19201926         messages. Hence, it relies on the order of response arrival to correspond exactly to the order in which requests are made
    1921          on the same connection. More than one response message per request only occurs when one or more informational responses (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" class="smpl">1xx</a>, see <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" title="Informational 1xx">Section 6.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.22"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) precede a final response to the same request.
     1927         on the same connection. More than one response message per request only occurs when one or more informational responses (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" class="smpl">1xx</a>, see <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" title="Informational 1xx">Section 6.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.26"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) precede a final response to the same request.
    19221928      </p>
    19231929      <p id="rfc.section.5.9.p.2">A client that uses persistent connections and sends more than one request per connection <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> maintain a list of outstanding requests in the order sent on that connection and <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> associate each received response message to the highest ordered request that has not yet received a final (non-<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" class="smpl">1xx</a>) response.
    … …  
    20402046      <p id="rfc.section.6.2.2.1.p.2">Clients which assume persistent connections and pipeline immediately after connection establishment <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> be prepared to retry their connection if the first pipelined attempt fails. If a client does such a retry, it <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> pipeline before it knows the connection is persistent. Clients <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> also be prepared to resend their requests if the server closes the connection before sending all of the corresponding responses.
    20412047      </p>
    2042       <p id="rfc.section.6.2.2.1.p.3">Clients <em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em> pipeline requests using non-idempotent request methods or non-idempotent sequences of request methods (see <a href="p2-semantics.html#idempotent.methods" title="Idempotent Methods">Section 4.2.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.23"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). Otherwise, a premature termination of the transport connection could lead to indeterminate results. A client wishing to
     2048      <p id="rfc.section.6.2.2.1.p.3">Clients <em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em> pipeline requests using non-idempotent request methods or non-idempotent sequences of request methods (see <a href="p2-semantics.html#idempotent.methods" title="Idempotent Methods">Section 4.2.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.27"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). Otherwise, a premature termination of the transport connection could lead to indeterminate results. A client wishing to
    20432049         send a non-idempotent request <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> wait to send that request until it has received the response status line for the previous request.
    20442050      </p>
    20452051      <h4 id="rfc.section.6.2.2.2"><a href="#rfc.section.6.2.2.2">6.2.2.2</a>&nbsp;<a id="persistent.retrying.requests" href="#persistent.retrying.requests">Retrying Requests</a></h4>
    20462052      <p id="rfc.section.6.2.2.2.p.1">Senders can close the transport connection at any time. Therefore, clients, servers, and proxies <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> be able to recover from asynchronous close events. Client software <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> reopen the transport connection and retransmit the aborted sequence of requests without user interaction so long as the request
    2047          sequence is idempotent (see <a href="p2-semantics.html#idempotent.methods" title="Idempotent Methods">Section 4.2.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.24"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). Non-idempotent request methods or sequences <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> be automatically retried, although user agents <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> offer a human operator the choice of retrying the request(s). Confirmation by user-agent software with semantic understanding
     2053         sequence is idempotent (see <a href="p2-semantics.html#idempotent.methods" title="Idempotent Methods">Section 4.2.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.28"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). Non-idempotent request methods or sequences <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> be automatically retried, although user agents <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> offer a human operator the choice of retrying the request(s). Confirmation by user-agent software with semantic understanding
    20482054         of the application <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> substitute for user confirmation. The automatic retry <em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em> be repeated if the second sequence of requests fails.
    20492055      </p>
    … …  
    21382144      </p>
    21392145      <p id="rfc.section.6.3.p.9">The Upgrade header field only applies to switching application-level protocols on the existing connection; it cannot be used
    2140          to switch to a protocol on a different connection. For that purpose, it is more appropriate to use a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.3xx" class="smpl">3xx (Redirection)</a> response (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.3xx" title="Redirection 3xx">Section 6.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.25"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>).
     2146         to switch to a protocol on a different connection. For that purpose, it is more appropriate to use a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.3xx" class="smpl">3xx (Redirection)</a> response (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.3xx" title="Redirection 3xx">Section 6.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.29"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>).
    21412147      </p>
    21422148      <p id="rfc.section.6.3.p.10">This specification only defines the protocol name "HTTP" for use by the family of Hypertext Transfer Protocols, as defined
    … …  
    23992405         <li>Pointer to specification text</li>
    24002406      </ul>
    2401       <p id="rfc.section.7.4.p.3">Names of transfer codings <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> overlap with names of content codings (<a href="p2-semantics.html#content.codings" title="Content Codings">Section 8.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.26"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) unless the encoding transformation is identical, as is the case for the compression codings defined in <a href="#compression.codings" title="Compression Codings">Section&nbsp;4.2</a>.
     2407      <p id="rfc.section.7.4.p.3">Names of transfer codings <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> overlap with names of content codings (<a href="p2-semantics.html#content.codings" title="Content Codings">Section 8.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.30"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) unless the encoding transformation is identical, as is the case for the compression codings defined in <a href="#compression.codings" title="Compression Codings">Section&nbsp;4.2</a>.
    24022408      </p>
    24032409      <p id="rfc.section.7.4.p.4">Values to be added to this name space require IETF Review (see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5226#section-4.1">Section 4.1</a> of <a href="#RFC5226" id="rfc.xref.RFC5226.1"><cite title="Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs">[RFC5226]</cite></a>), and <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> conform to the purpose of transfer coding defined in this section. Use of program names for the identification of encoding
    … …  
    25542560         that most implementations will choose substantially higher limits.
    25552561      </p>
    2556       <p id="rfc.section.8.6.p.3">This specification also provides a way for servers to reject messages that have request-targets that are too long (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.414" title="414 URI Too Long">Section 6.5.12</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.27"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) or request entities that are too large (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.4xx" title="Client Error 4xx">Section 6.5</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.28"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>).
     2562      <p id="rfc.section.8.6.p.3">This specification also provides a way for servers to reject messages that have request-targets that are too long (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.414" title="414 URI Too Long">Section 6.5.12</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.31"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) or request entities that are too large (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.4xx" title="Client Error 4xx">Section 6.5</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.32"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>).
    25572563      </p>
    25582564      <p id="rfc.section.8.6.p.4">Recipients <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> carefully limit the extent to which they read other fields, including (but not limited to) request methods, response status
    … …  
    36303636            </li>
    36313637            <li><a id="rfc.index.P" href="#rfc.index.P"><b>P</b></a><ul>
    3632                   <li><em>Part2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.1">1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.2">2.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.3">2.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.4">2.7</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.5">2.7.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.6">3.1.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.7">3.1.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.8">3.1.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.9">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.10">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.11">3.3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.12">4.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.13">5.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.14">5.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.15">5.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.16">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.17">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.18">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.19">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.20">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.21">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.22">5.9</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.23">6.2.2.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.24">6.2.2.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.25">6.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.26">7.4</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.27">8.6</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.28">8.6</a>, <a href="#Part2"><b>10.1</b></a><ul>
     3638                  <li><em>Part2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.1">1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.2">2.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.3">2.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.4">2.7</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.5">2.7.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.6">3.1.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.7">3.1.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.8">3.1.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.9">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.10">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.11">3.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.12">3.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.13">3.3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.14">3.3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.15">3.3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.16">4.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.17">5.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.18">5.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.19">5.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.20">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.21">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.22">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.23">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.24">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.25">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.26">5.9</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.27">6.2.2.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.28">6.2.2.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.29">6.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.30">7.4</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.31">8.6</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.32">8.6</a>, <a href="#Part2"><b>10.1</b></a><ul>
    36333639                        <li><em>Section 2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.4">2.7</a></li>
    3634                         <li><em>Section 3.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.16">5.8</a></li>
    3635                         <li><em>Section 3.3.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.21">5.8</a></li>
    3636                         <li><em>Section 3.3.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.20">5.8</a></li>
    3637                         <li><em>Section 3.3.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.18">5.8</a></li>
     3640                        <li><em>Section 3.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.20">5.8</a></li>
     3641                        <li><em>Section 3.2.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.25">5.8</a></li>
     3642                        <li><em>Section 3.2.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.24">5.8</a></li>
     3643                        <li><em>Section 3.2.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.22">5.8</a></li>
    36383644                        <li><em>Section 4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.6">3.1.1</a></li>
    3639                         <li><em>Section 4.2.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.23">6.2.2.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.24">6.2.2.2</a></li>
    3640                         <li><em>Section 4.3.6</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.14">5.3</a></li>
    3641                         <li><em>Section 4.3.7</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.15">5.3</a></li>
    3642                         <li><em>Section 5.3.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.12">4.3</a></li>
     3645                        <li><em>Section 4.2.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.27">6.2.2.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.28">6.2.2.2</a></li>
     3646                        <li><em>Section 4.3.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.11">3.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.14">3.3.2</a></li>
     3647                        <li><em>Section 4.3.6</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.12">3.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.15">3.3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.18">5.3</a></li>
     3648                        <li><em>Section 4.3.7</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.19">5.3</a></li>
     3649                        <li><em>Section 5.3.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.16">4.3</a></li>
    36433650                        <li><em>Section 6</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.5">2.7.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.8">3.1.2</a></li>
    3644                         <li><em>Section 6.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.22">5.9</a></li>
     3651                        <li><em>Section 6.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.26">5.9</a></li>
    36453652                        <li><em>Section 6.3.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.3">2.3</a></li>
    3646                         <li><em>Section 6.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.25">6.3</a></li>
    3647                         <li><em>Section 6.5</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.28">8.6</a></li>
    3648                         <li><em>Section 6.5.12</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.7">3.1.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.27">8.6</a></li>
     3653                        <li><em>Section 6.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.29">6.3</a></li>
     3654                        <li><em>Section 6.5</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.32">8.6</a></li>
     3655                        <li><em>Section 6.5.12</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.7">3.1.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.31">8.6</a></li>
    36493656                        <li><em>Section 7.2.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.9">3.2</a></li>
    3650                         <li><em>Section 7.4.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.17">5.8</a></li>
    3651                         <li><em>Section 7.4.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.19">5.8</a></li>
    3652                         <li><em>Section 8.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.11">3.3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.26">7.4</a></li>
     3657                        <li><em>Section 7.4.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.21">5.8</a></li>
     3658                        <li><em>Section 7.4.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.23">5.8</a></li>
     3659                        <li><em>Section 8.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.13">3.3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.30">7.4</a></li>
    36533660                        <li><em>Section 9.3</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.10">3.2</a></li>
    36543661                        <li><em>Appendix A</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.2">2.1</a></li>
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