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Timestamp:
Sep 18, 2012, 2:26:12 AM (7 years ago)
Author:
fielding@…
Message:

(editorial) define payload within representation

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1 edited

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  • draft-ietf-httpbis/latest/p1-messaging.html

    r1904 r1905  
    907907         or an intranet-to-Internet privacy filter. Such transformations are presumed to be desired by the client (or client organization)
    908908         that selected the proxy and are beyond the scope of this specification. However, when a proxy is not intended to transform
    909          a given message, we use the term "<dfn>non-transforming proxy</dfn>" to target requirements that preserve HTTP message semantics. See <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.203" title="203 Non-Authoritative Information">Section 7.3.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.3"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a> and <a href="p6-cache.html#header.warning" title="Warning">Section 7.5</a> of <a href="#Part6" id="rfc.xref.Part6.2"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Caching">[Part6]</cite></a> for status and warning codes related to transformations.
     909         a given message, we use the term "<dfn>non-transforming proxy</dfn>" to target requirements that preserve HTTP message semantics. See <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.203" title="203 Non-Authoritative Information">Section 6.3.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.3"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a> and <a href="p6-cache.html#header.warning" title="Warning">Section 7.5</a> of <a href="#Part6" id="rfc.xref.Part6.2"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Caching">[Part6]</cite></a> for status and warning codes related to transformations.
    910910      </p>
    911911      <p id="rfc.section.2.3.p.7"><span id="rfc.iref.g.13"></span><span id="rfc.iref.r.4"></span>  <span id="rfc.iref.a.1"></span> A "<dfn>gateway</dfn>" (a.k.a., "<dfn>reverse proxy</dfn>") is a receiving agent that acts as a layer above some other server(s) and translates the received requests to the underlying
    … …  
    10771077      </p>
    10781078      <p id="rfc.section.2.7.1.p.6">When an "http" URI is used within a context that calls for access to the indicated resource, a client <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> attempt access by resolving the host to an IP address, establishing a TCP connection to that address on the indicated port,
    1079          and sending an HTTP request message (<a href="#http.message" title="Message Format">Section&nbsp;3</a>) containing the URI's identifying data (<a href="#message.routing" title="Message Routing">Section&nbsp;5</a>) to the server. If the server responds to that request with a non-interim HTTP response message, as described in <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.codes" title="Response Status Codes">Section 7</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.5"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>, then that response is considered an authoritative answer to the client's request.
     1079         and sending an HTTP request message (<a href="#http.message" title="Message Format">Section&nbsp;3</a>) containing the URI's identifying data (<a href="#message.routing" title="Message Routing">Section&nbsp;5</a>) to the server. If the server responds to that request with a non-interim HTTP response message, as described in <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.codes" title="Response Status Codes">Section 6</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.5"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>, then that response is considered an authoritative answer to the client's request.
    10801080      </p>
    10811081      <p id="rfc.section.2.7.1.p.7">Although HTTP is independent of the transport protocol, the "http" scheme is specific to TCP-based services because the name
    … …  
    11751175      </div>
    11761176      <div id="rfc.figure.u.14"></div><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.29"></span>  <a href="#method" class="smpl">method</a>         = <a href="#rule.token.separators" class="smpl">token</a>
    1177 </pre><p id="rfc.section.3.1.1.p.6">The methods defined by this specification can be found in <a href="p2-semantics.html#methods" title="Request Methods">Section 5</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.6"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>, along with information regarding the HTTP method registry and considerations for defining new methods.
     1177</pre><p id="rfc.section.3.1.1.p.6">The methods defined by this specification can be found in <a href="p2-semantics.html#methods" title="Request Methods">Section 4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.6"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>, along with information regarding the HTTP method registry and considerations for defining new methods.
    11781178      </p>
    11791179      <div id="rfc.iref.r.6"></div>
    … …  
    11881188      </p>
    11891189      <p id="rfc.section.3.1.1.p.10">HTTP does not place a pre-defined limit on the length of a request-line. A server that receives a method longer than any that
    1190          it implements <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> respond with either a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.405" class="smpl">405 (Method Not Allowed)</a>, if it is an origin server, or a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.501" class="smpl">501 (Not Implemented)</a> status code. A server <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> be prepared to receive URIs of unbounded length and respond with the <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.414" class="smpl">414 (URI Too Long)</a> status code if the received request-target would be longer than the server wishes to handle (see <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.414" title="414 URI Too Long">Section 7.5.12</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.7"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>).
     1190         it implements <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> respond with either a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.405" class="smpl">405 (Method Not Allowed)</a>, if it is an origin server, or a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.501" class="smpl">501 (Not Implemented)</a> status code. A server <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> be prepared to receive URIs of unbounded length and respond with the <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.414" class="smpl">414 (URI Too Long)</a> status code if the received request-target would be longer than the server wishes to handle (see <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.414" title="414 URI Too Long">Section 6.5.12</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.7"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>).
    11911191      </p>
    11921192      <p id="rfc.section.3.1.1.p.11">Various ad-hoc limitations on request-line length are found in practice. It is <em class="bcp14">RECOMMENDED</em> that all HTTP senders and recipients support, at a minimum, request-line lengths of up to 8000 octets.
    … …  
    12011201      <p id="rfc.section.3.1.2.p.4">The status-code element is a 3-digit integer code describing the result of the server's attempt to understand and satisfy
    12021202         the client's corresponding request. The rest of the response message is to be interpreted in light of the semantics defined
    1203          for that status code. See <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.codes" title="Response Status Codes">Section 7</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.8"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a> for information about the semantics of status codes, including the classes of status code (indicated by the first digit),
     1203         for that status code. See <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.codes" title="Response Status Codes">Section 6</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.8"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a> for information about the semantics of status codes, including the classes of status code (indicated by the first digit),
    12041204         the status codes defined by this specification, considerations for the definition of new status codes, and the IANA registry.
    12051205      </p>
    … …  
    12221222                 ; see <a href="#field.parsing" title="Field Parsing">Section&nbsp;3.2.2</a>
    12231223</pre><p id="rfc.section.3.2.p.3">The field-name token labels the corresponding field-value as having the semantics defined by that header field. For example,
    1224          the <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.date" class="smpl">Date</a> header field is defined in <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.date" title="Date">Section 8.2.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.9"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a> as containing the origination timestamp for the message in which it appears.
     1224         the <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.date" class="smpl">Date</a> header field is defined in <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.date" title="Date">Section 7.2.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.9"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a> as containing the origination timestamp for the message in which it appears.
    12251225      </p>
    12261226      <p id="rfc.section.3.2.p.4">HTTP header fields are fully extensible: there is no limit on the introduction of new field names, each presumably defining
    … …  
    12301230         them.
    12311231      </p>
    1232       <p id="rfc.section.3.2.p.5">New HTTP header fields <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> be registered with IANA in the Message Header Field Registry, as described in <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.field.registry" title="Header Field Registry">Section 10.3</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.10"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>. Unrecognized header fields <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> be forwarded by a proxy unless the field-name is listed in the <a href="#header.connection" class="smpl">Connection</a> header field (<a href="#header.connection" id="rfc.xref.header.connection.3" title="Connection">Section&nbsp;6.1</a>) or the proxy is specifically configured to block or otherwise transform such fields. Unrecognized header fields <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> be ignored by other recipients.
     1232      <p id="rfc.section.3.2.p.5">New HTTP header fields <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> be registered with IANA in the Message Header Field Registry, as described in <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.field.registry" title="Header Field Registry">Section 9.3</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.10"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>. Unrecognized header fields <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> be forwarded by a proxy unless the field-name is listed in the <a href="#header.connection" class="smpl">Connection</a> header field (<a href="#header.connection" id="rfc.xref.header.connection.3" title="Connection">Section&nbsp;6.1</a>) or the proxy is specifically configured to block or otherwise transform such fields. Unrecognized header fields <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> be ignored by other recipients.
    12331233      </p>
    12341234      <p id="rfc.section.3.2.p.6">The order in which header fields with differing field names are received is not significant. However, it is "good practice"
    … …  
    13811381      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.1.p.6">If more than one Transfer-Encoding header field is present in a message, the multiple field-values <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> be combined into one field-value, according to the algorithm defined in <a href="#header.fields" title="Header Fields">Section&nbsp;3.2</a>, before determining the message body length.
    13821382      </p>
    1383       <p id="rfc.section.3.3.1.p.7">Unlike <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-encoding" class="smpl">Content-Encoding</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#content.codings" title="Content Codings">Section 9.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.11"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>), Transfer-Encoding is a property of the message, not of the payload, and thus <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be added or removed by any implementation along the request/response chain. Additional information about the encoding parameters <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be provided by other header fields not defined by this specification.
     1383      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.1.p.7">Unlike <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-encoding" class="smpl">Content-Encoding</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#content.codings" title="Content Codings">Section 8.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.11"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>), Transfer-Encoding is a property of the message, not of the payload, and thus <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be added or removed by any implementation along the request/response chain. Additional information about the encoding parameters <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be provided by other header fields not defined by this specification.
    13841384      </p>
    13851385      <p id="rfc.section.3.3.1.p.8">Transfer-Encoding <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be sent in a response to a HEAD request or in a <a href="p4-conditional.html#status.304" class="smpl">304 (Not Modified)</a> response (<a href="p4-conditional.html#status.304" title="304 Not Modified">Section 4.1</a> of <a href="#Part4" id="rfc.xref.Part4.2"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests">[Part4]</cite></a>) to a GET request, neither of which includes a message body, to indicate that the origin server would have applied a transfer
    … …  
    16551655      </p>
    16561656      <p id="rfc.section.4.3.p.7">When multiple transfer-codings are acceptable, the client <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> rank the codings by preference using a case-insensitive "q" parameter (similar to the qvalues used in content negotiation
    1657          fields, <a href="p2-semantics.html#quality.values" title="Quality Values">Section 6.3.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.12"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). The rank value is a real number in the range 0 through 1, where 0.001 is the least preferred and 1 is the most preferred;
     1657         fields, <a href="p2-semantics.html#quality.values" title="Quality Values">Section 5.3.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.12"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). The rank value is a real number in the range 0 through 1, where 0.001 is the least preferred and 1 is the most preferred;
    16581658         a value of 0 means "not acceptable".
    16591659      </p>
    … …  
    17351735      </p>
    17361736      <div id="authority-form">
    1737          <p id="rfc.section.5.3.p.13"><span id="rfc.iref.a.3"></span> The authority-form of request-target is only used for CONNECT requests (<a href="p2-semantics.html#CONNECT" title="CONNECT">Section 5.3.6</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.14"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). When making a CONNECT request to establish a tunnel through one or more proxies, a client <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> send only the target URI's authority component (excluding any userinfo) as the request-target. For example,
     1737         <p id="rfc.section.5.3.p.13"><span id="rfc.iref.a.3"></span> The authority-form of request-target is only used for CONNECT requests (<a href="p2-semantics.html#CONNECT" title="CONNECT">Section 4.3.6</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.14"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). When making a CONNECT request to establish a tunnel through one or more proxies, a client <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> send only the target URI's authority component (excluding any userinfo) as the request-target. For example,
    17381738         </p>
    17391739      </div>
    17401740      <div id="rfc.figure.u.41"></div><pre class="text2">CONNECT www.example.com:80 HTTP/1.1
    17411741</pre><div id="asterisk-form">
    1742          <p id="rfc.section.5.3.p.15"><span id="rfc.iref.a.4"></span> The asterisk-form of request-target is only used for a server-wide OPTIONS request (<a href="p2-semantics.html#OPTIONS" title="OPTIONS">Section 5.3.7</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.15"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). When a client wishes to request OPTIONS for the server as a whole, as opposed to a specific named resource of that server,
     1742         <p id="rfc.section.5.3.p.15"><span id="rfc.iref.a.4"></span> The asterisk-form of request-target is only used for a server-wide OPTIONS request (<a href="p2-semantics.html#OPTIONS" title="OPTIONS">Section 4.3.7</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.15"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). When a client wishes to request OPTIONS for the server as a whole, as opposed to a specific named resource of that server,
    17431743            the client <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> send only "*" (%x2A) as the request-target. For example,
    17441744         </p>
    … …  
    18761876         except as noted above to replace an empty path with "/" or "*".
    18771877      </p>
    1878       <p id="rfc.section.5.8.p.3">A non-transforming proxy <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> preserve the message payload (<a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.16"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>), though it <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> change the message body through application or removal of a transfer-coding (<a href="#transfer.codings" title="Transfer Codings">Section&nbsp;4</a>).
     1878      <p id="rfc.section.5.8.p.3">A non-transforming proxy <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> preserve the message payload (<a href="p2-semantics.html#payload" title="Message Payload">Section 3.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.16"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>), though it <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> change the message body through application or removal of a transfer-coding (<a href="#transfer.codings" title="Transfer Codings">Section&nbsp;4</a>).
    18791879      </p>
    18801880      <p id="rfc.section.5.8.p.4">A non-transforming proxy <em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em> modify header fields that provide information about the end points of the communication chain, the resource state, or the
    … …  
    18841884      </p>
    18851885      <ul>
    1886          <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.allow" class="smpl">Allow</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.allow" title="Allow">Section 8.4.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.17"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
    1887          </li>
    1888          <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-location" class="smpl">Content-Location</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-location" title="Content-Location">Section 3.2.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.18"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
     1886         <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.allow" class="smpl">Allow</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.allow" title="Allow">Section 7.4.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.17"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
     1887         </li>
     1888         <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-location" class="smpl">Content-Location</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-location" title="Content-Location">Section 3.3.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.18"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
    18891889         </li>
    18901890         <li>Content-MD5 (<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616#section-14.15">Section 14.15</a> of <a href="#RFC2616" id="rfc.xref.RFC2616.3"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1">[RFC2616]</cite></a>)
    … …  
    18941894         <li><a href="p4-conditional.html#header.last-modified" class="smpl">Last-Modified</a> (<a href="p4-conditional.html#header.last-modified" title="Last-Modified">Section 2.2</a> of <a href="#Part4" id="rfc.xref.Part4.5"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests">[Part4]</cite></a>)
    18951895         </li>
    1896          <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.server" class="smpl">Server</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.server" title="Server">Section 8.4.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.19"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
     1896         <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.server" class="smpl">Server</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.server" title="Server">Section 7.4.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.19"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
    18971897         </li>
    18981898      </ul>
    … …  
    19021902      </p>
    19031903      <ul>
    1904          <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-encoding" class="smpl">Content-Encoding</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-encoding" title="Content-Encoding">Section 3.2.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.20"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
     1904         <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-encoding" class="smpl">Content-Encoding</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-encoding" title="Content-Encoding">Section 3.3.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.20"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
    19051905         </li>
    19061906         <li><a href="p5-range.html#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> (<a href="p5-range.html#header.content-range" title="Content-Range">Section 5.2</a> of <a href="#Part5" id="rfc.xref.Part5.2"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Range Requests">[Part5]</cite></a>)
    19071907         </li>
    1908          <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-type" class="smpl">Content-Type</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-type" title="Content-Type">Section 3.2.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.21"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
     1908         <li><a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-type" class="smpl">Content-Type</a> (<a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-type" title="Content-Type">Section 3.3.1</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.21"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>)
    19091909         </li>
    19101910      </ul>
    … …  
    19191919      <p id="rfc.section.5.9.p.1">HTTP does not include a request identifier for associating a given request message with its corresponding one or more response
    19201920         messages. Hence, it relies on the order of response arrival to correspond exactly to the order in which requests are made
    1921          on the same connection. More than one response message per request only occurs when one or more informational responses (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" class="smpl">1xx</a>, see <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" title="Informational 1xx">Section 7.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.22"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) precede a final response to the same request.
     1921         on the same connection. More than one response message per request only occurs when one or more informational responses (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" class="smpl">1xx</a>, see <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" title="Informational 1xx">Section 6.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.22"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) precede a final response to the same request.
    19221922      </p>
    19231923      <p id="rfc.section.5.9.p.2">A client that uses persistent connections and sends more than one request per connection <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> maintain a list of outstanding requests in the order sent on that connection and <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> associate each received response message to the highest ordered request that has not yet received a final (non-<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.1xx" class="smpl">1xx</a>) response.
    … …  
    20402040      <p id="rfc.section.6.2.2.1.p.2">Clients which assume persistent connections and pipeline immediately after connection establishment <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> be prepared to retry their connection if the first pipelined attempt fails. If a client does such a retry, it <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> pipeline before it knows the connection is persistent. Clients <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> also be prepared to resend their requests if the server closes the connection before sending all of the corresponding responses.
    20412041      </p>
    2042       <p id="rfc.section.6.2.2.1.p.3">Clients <em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em> pipeline requests using non-idempotent request methods or non-idempotent sequences of request methods (see <a href="p2-semantics.html#idempotent.methods" title="Idempotent Methods">Section 5.2.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.23"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). Otherwise, a premature termination of the transport connection could lead to indeterminate results. A client wishing to
     2042      <p id="rfc.section.6.2.2.1.p.3">Clients <em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em> pipeline requests using non-idempotent request methods or non-idempotent sequences of request methods (see <a href="p2-semantics.html#idempotent.methods" title="Idempotent Methods">Section 4.2.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.23"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). Otherwise, a premature termination of the transport connection could lead to indeterminate results. A client wishing to
    20432043         send a non-idempotent request <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> wait to send that request until it has received the response status line for the previous request.
    20442044      </p>
    20452045      <h4 id="rfc.section.6.2.2.2"><a href="#rfc.section.6.2.2.2">6.2.2.2</a>&nbsp;<a id="persistent.retrying.requests" href="#persistent.retrying.requests">Retrying Requests</a></h4>
    20462046      <p id="rfc.section.6.2.2.2.p.1">Senders can close the transport connection at any time. Therefore, clients, servers, and proxies <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> be able to recover from asynchronous close events. Client software <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> reopen the transport connection and retransmit the aborted sequence of requests without user interaction so long as the request
    2047          sequence is idempotent (see <a href="p2-semantics.html#idempotent.methods" title="Idempotent Methods">Section 5.2.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.24"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). Non-idempotent request methods or sequences <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> be automatically retried, although user agents <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> offer a human operator the choice of retrying the request(s). Confirmation by user-agent software with semantic understanding
     2047         sequence is idempotent (see <a href="p2-semantics.html#idempotent.methods" title="Idempotent Methods">Section 4.2.2</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.24"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>). Non-idempotent request methods or sequences <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> be automatically retried, although user agents <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> offer a human operator the choice of retrying the request(s). Confirmation by user-agent software with semantic understanding
    20482048         of the application <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> substitute for user confirmation. The automatic retry <em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em> be repeated if the second sequence of requests fails.
    20492049      </p>
    … …  
    21382138      </p>
    21392139      <p id="rfc.section.6.3.p.9">The Upgrade header field only applies to switching application-level protocols on the existing connection; it cannot be used
    2140          to switch to a protocol on a different connection. For that purpose, it is more appropriate to use a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.3xx" class="smpl">3xx (Redirection)</a> response (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.3xx" title="Redirection 3xx">Section 7.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.25"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>).
     2140         to switch to a protocol on a different connection. For that purpose, it is more appropriate to use a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.3xx" class="smpl">3xx (Redirection)</a> response (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.3xx" title="Redirection 3xx">Section 6.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.25"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>).
    21412141      </p>
    21422142      <p id="rfc.section.6.3.p.10">This specification only defines the protocol name "HTTP" for use by the family of Hypertext Transfer Protocols, as defined
    … …  
    23992399         <li>Pointer to specification text</li>
    24002400      </ul>
    2401       <p id="rfc.section.7.4.p.3">Names of transfer codings <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> overlap with names of content codings (<a href="p2-semantics.html#content.codings" title="Content Codings">Section 9.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.26"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) unless the encoding transformation is identical, as is the case for the compression codings defined in <a href="#compression.codings" title="Compression Codings">Section&nbsp;4.2</a>.
     2401      <p id="rfc.section.7.4.p.3">Names of transfer codings <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> overlap with names of content codings (<a href="p2-semantics.html#content.codings" title="Content Codings">Section 8.4</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.26"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) unless the encoding transformation is identical, as is the case for the compression codings defined in <a href="#compression.codings" title="Compression Codings">Section&nbsp;4.2</a>.
    24022402      </p>
    24032403      <p id="rfc.section.7.4.p.4">Values to be added to this name space require IETF Review (see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5226#section-4.1">Section 4.1</a> of <a href="#RFC5226" id="rfc.xref.RFC5226.1"><cite title="Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs">[RFC5226]</cite></a>), and <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> conform to the purpose of transfer coding defined in this section. Use of program names for the identification of encoding
    … …  
    25542554         that most implementations will choose substantially higher limits.
    25552555      </p>
    2556       <p id="rfc.section.8.6.p.3">This specification also provides a way for servers to reject messages that have request-targets that are too long (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.414" title="414 URI Too Long">Section 7.5.12</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.27"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) or request entities that are too large (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.4xx" title="Client Error 4xx">Section 7.5</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.28"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>).
     2556      <p id="rfc.section.8.6.p.3">This specification also provides a way for servers to reject messages that have request-targets that are too long (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.414" title="414 URI Too Long">Section 6.5.12</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.27"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>) or request entities that are too large (<a href="p2-semantics.html#status.4xx" title="Client Error 4xx">Section 6.5</a> of <a href="#Part2" id="rfc.xref.Part2.28"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[Part2]</cite></a>).
    25572557      </p>
    25582558      <p id="rfc.section.8.6.p.4">Recipients <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> carefully limit the extent to which they read other fields, including (but not limited to) request methods, response status
    … …  
    36323632                  <li><em>Part2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.1">1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.2">2.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.3">2.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.4">2.7</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.5">2.7.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.6">3.1.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.7">3.1.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.8">3.1.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.9">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.10">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.11">3.3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.12">4.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.13">5.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.14">5.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.15">5.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.16">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.17">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.18">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.19">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.20">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.21">5.8</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.22">5.9</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.23">6.2.2.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.24">6.2.2.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.25">6.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.26">7.4</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.27">8.6</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.28">8.6</a>, <a href="#Part2"><b>10.1</b></a><ul>
    36333633                        <li><em>Section 2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.4">2.7</a></li>
    3634                         <li><em>Section 3.2.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.21">5.8</a></li>
    3635                         <li><em>Section 3.2.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.20">5.8</a></li>
    3636                         <li><em>Section 3.2.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.18">5.8</a></li>
    3637                         <li><em>Section 5</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.6">3.1.1</a></li>
    3638                         <li><em>Section 5.2.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.23">6.2.2.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.24">6.2.2.2</a></li>
    3639                         <li><em>Section 5.3.6</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.14">5.3</a></li>
    3640                         <li><em>Section 5.3.7</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.15">5.3</a></li>
    3641                         <li><em>Section 6.3.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.12">4.3</a></li>
    3642                         <li><em>Section 7</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.5">2.7.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.8">3.1.2</a></li>
    3643                         <li><em>Section 7.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.22">5.9</a></li>
    3644                         <li><em>Section 7.3.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.3">2.3</a></li>
    3645                         <li><em>Section 7.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.25">6.3</a></li>
    3646                         <li><em>Section 7.5</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.28">8.6</a></li>
    3647                         <li><em>Section 7.5.12</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.7">3.1.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.27">8.6</a></li>
    3648                         <li><em>Section 8.2.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.9">3.2</a></li>
    3649                         <li><em>Section 8.4.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.17">5.8</a></li>
    3650                         <li><em>Section 8.4.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.19">5.8</a></li>
    3651                         <li><em>Section 9.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.11">3.3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.26">7.4</a></li>
    3652                         <li><em>Section 10.3</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.10">3.2</a></li>
     3634                        <li><em>Section 3.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.16">5.8</a></li>
     3635                        <li><em>Section 3.3.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.21">5.8</a></li>
     3636                        <li><em>Section 3.3.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.20">5.8</a></li>
     3637                        <li><em>Section 3.3.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.18">5.8</a></li>
     3638                        <li><em>Section 4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.6">3.1.1</a></li>
     3639                        <li><em>Section 4.2.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.23">6.2.2.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.24">6.2.2.2</a></li>
     3640                        <li><em>Section 4.3.6</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.14">5.3</a></li>
     3641                        <li><em>Section 4.3.7</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.15">5.3</a></li>
     3642                        <li><em>Section 5.3.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.12">4.3</a></li>
     3643                        <li><em>Section 6</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.5">2.7.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.8">3.1.2</a></li>
     3644                        <li><em>Section 6.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.22">5.9</a></li>
     3645                        <li><em>Section 6.3.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.3">2.3</a></li>
     3646                        <li><em>Section 6.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.25">6.3</a></li>
     3647                        <li><em>Section 6.5</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.28">8.6</a></li>
     3648                        <li><em>Section 6.5.12</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.7">3.1.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.27">8.6</a></li>
     3649                        <li><em>Section 7.2.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.9">3.2</a></li>
     3650                        <li><em>Section 7.4.1</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.17">5.8</a></li>
     3651                        <li><em>Section 7.4.2</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.19">5.8</a></li>
     3652                        <li><em>Section 8.4</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.11">3.3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.26">7.4</a></li>
     3653                        <li><em>Section 9.3</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.10">3.2</a></li>
    36533654                        <li><em>Appendix A</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.xref.Part2.2">2.1</a></li>
    36543655                     </ul>
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