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2 | PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"> |
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3 | <html lang="en"> |
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6 | <title>Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Range Requests</title><script type="application/javascript"> |
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460 | |
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465 | vertical-align: top; |
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467 | } |
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468 | |
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471 | } |
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472 | |
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475 | } |
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476 | |
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477 | pre { |
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479 | } |
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480 | |
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483 | -moz-column-count: 2; |
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484 | column-fill: auto; |
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485 | } |
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486 | } |
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487 | |
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488 | @page { |
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489 | @top-left { |
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490 | content: "Internet-Draft"; |
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491 | } |
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492 | @top-right { |
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493 | content: "June 2014"; |
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494 | } |
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495 | @top-center { |
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496 | content: "HTTP/1.1 Range Requests"; |
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497 | } |
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498 | @bottom-left { |
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499 | content: "Fielding, et al."; |
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500 | } |
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501 | @bottom-center { |
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502 | content: "Expires December 2014"; |
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503 | } |
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504 | @bottom-right { |
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505 | content: "[Page " counter(page) "]"; |
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506 | } |
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507 | } |
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508 | |
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509 | @page:first { |
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510 | @top-left { |
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511 | content: normal; |
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512 | } |
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513 | @top-right { |
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514 | content: normal; |
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515 | } |
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516 | @top-center { |
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517 | content: normal; |
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518 | } |
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519 | } |
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520 | </style><link rel="Contents" href="#rfc.toc"> |
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521 | <link rel="Author" href="#rfc.authors"> |
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522 | <link rel="Copyright" href="#rfc.copyrightnotice"> |
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523 | <link rel="Index" href="#rfc.index"> |
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524 | <link rel="Chapter" title="1 Introduction" href="#rfc.section.1"> |
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525 | <link rel="Chapter" title="2 Range Units" href="#rfc.section.2"> |
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526 | <link rel="Chapter" title="3 Range Requests" href="#rfc.section.3"> |
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527 | <link rel="Chapter" title="4 Responses to a Range Request" href="#rfc.section.4"> |
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528 | <link rel="Chapter" title="5 IANA Considerations" href="#rfc.section.5"> |
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529 | <link rel="Chapter" title="6 Security Considerations" href="#rfc.section.6"> |
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530 | <link rel="Chapter" title="7 Acknowledgments" href="#rfc.section.7"> |
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531 | <link rel="Chapter" href="#rfc.section.8" title="8 References"> |
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532 | <link rel="Appendix" title="A Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges" href="#rfc.section.A"> |
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533 | <link rel="Appendix" title="B Changes from RFC 2616" href="#rfc.section.B"> |
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534 | <link rel="Appendix" title="C Imported ABNF" href="#rfc.section.C"> |
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535 | <link rel="Appendix" title="D Collected ABNF" href="#rfc.section.D"> |
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536 | <link rel="Alternate" title="RFC7233" href="http://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7233.html"> |
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537 | <link href="p4-conditional.html" rel="prev"> |
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538 | <link href="p6-cache.html" rel="next"> |
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539 | <meta name="generator" content="http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/rfc2629.xslt, Revision 1.756, 2015/12/31 17:59:21, XSLT vendor: Saxonica http://www.saxonica.com/"> |
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540 | <meta name="keywords" content="Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP, HTTP Range Requests"> |
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541 | <link rel="schema.dct" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> |
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542 | <meta name="dct.creator" content="Fielding, R."> |
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543 | <meta name="dct.creator" content="Lafon, Y."> |
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544 | <meta name="dct.creator" content="Reschke, J. F."> |
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545 | <meta name="dct.identifier" content="urn:ietf:id:draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-latest"> |
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546 | <meta name="dct.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2014-06"> |
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547 | <meta name="dct.replaces" content="urn:ietf:rfc:2616"> |
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548 | <meta name="dct.abstract" content="The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a stateless application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypertext information systems. This document defines range requests and the rules for constructing and combining responses to those requests."> |
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549 | <meta name="description" content="The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a stateless application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypertext information systems. This document defines range requests and the rules for constructing and combining responses to those requests."> |
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550 | </head> |
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551 | <body onload="initFeedback();"> |
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552 | <table class="header" id="rfc.headerblock"> |
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553 | <tbody> |
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554 | <tr> |
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555 | <td class="left">HTTPbis Working Group</td> |
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556 | <td class="right">R. Fielding, Editor</td> |
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557 | </tr> |
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558 | <tr> |
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559 | <td class="left">Internet-Draft</td> |
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560 | <td class="right">Adobe</td> |
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561 | </tr> |
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562 | <tr> |
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563 | <td class="left">Obsoletes: <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616">2616</a> (if approved) |
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564 | </td> |
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565 | <td class="right">Y. Lafon, Editor</td> |
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566 | </tr> |
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567 | <tr> |
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568 | <td class="left">Intended status: Standards Track</td> |
---|
569 | <td class="right">W3C</td> |
---|
570 | </tr> |
---|
571 | <tr> |
---|
572 | <td class="left">Expires: December 2014</td> |
---|
573 | <td class="right">J. Reschke, Editor</td> |
---|
574 | </tr> |
---|
575 | <tr> |
---|
576 | <td class="left"></td> |
---|
577 | <td class="right">greenbytes</td> |
---|
578 | </tr> |
---|
579 | <tr> |
---|
580 | <td class="left"></td> |
---|
581 | <td class="right">June 2014</td> |
---|
582 | </tr> |
---|
583 | </tbody> |
---|
584 | </table> |
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585 | <div id="rfc.title"> |
---|
586 | <h1>Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Range Requests</h1> |
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587 | <div class="filename">draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-latest</div> |
---|
588 | </div> |
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589 | <p class="publishedasrfc"><b>Note:</b> a later version of this document has been published as <a href="http://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7233.html">RFC7233</a>. |
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590 | |
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591 | </p> |
---|
592 | <h2 id="rfc.abstract"><a href="#rfc.abstract">Abstract</a></h2> |
---|
593 | <p>The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a stateless application-level protocol for |
---|
594 | distributed, collaborative, hypertext information systems. This document defines range |
---|
595 | requests and the rules for constructing and combining responses to those requests. |
---|
596 | </p> |
---|
597 | <h2 id="rfc.note.1"><a href="#rfc.note.1">Editorial Note (To be removed by RFC Editor)</a></h2> |
---|
598 | <p>Discussion of this draft takes place on the HTTPBIS working group mailing list (ietf-http-wg@w3.org), |
---|
599 | which is archived at <<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/">http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/</a>>. |
---|
600 | </p> |
---|
601 | <p>The current issues list is at <<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/report/3">http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/report/3</a>> and related documents (including fancy diffs) can be found at <<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/">http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/</a>>. |
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602 | </p> |
---|
603 | <p><em>This is a temporary document for the purpose of tracking the editorial changes made |
---|
604 | during the AUTH48 (RFC publication) phase.</em> |
---|
605 | </p> |
---|
606 | <div id="rfc.status"> |
---|
607 | <h2><a href="#rfc.status">Status of This Memo</a></h2> |
---|
608 | <p>This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 |
---|
609 | and BCP 79. |
---|
610 | </p> |
---|
611 | <p>Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). |
---|
612 | Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The |
---|
613 | list of current Internet-Drafts is at <a href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/">http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/</a>. |
---|
614 | </p> |
---|
615 | <p>Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, |
---|
616 | replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use |
---|
617 | Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as “work in progress”. |
---|
618 | </p> |
---|
619 | <p>This Internet-Draft will expire in December 2014.</p> |
---|
620 | </div> |
---|
621 | <div id="rfc.copyrightnotice"> |
---|
622 | <h2><a href="#rfc.copyrightnotice">Copyright Notice</a></h2> |
---|
623 | <p>Copyright © 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All |
---|
624 | rights reserved. |
---|
625 | </p> |
---|
626 | <p>This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating |
---|
627 | to IETF Documents (<a href="http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info">http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info</a>) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents |
---|
628 | carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. |
---|
629 | Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text |
---|
630 | as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without |
---|
631 | warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. |
---|
632 | </p> |
---|
633 | <p>This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published |
---|
634 | or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the |
---|
635 | copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to |
---|
636 | allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining |
---|
637 | an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, |
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638 | this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative |
---|
639 | works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format |
---|
640 | it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English. |
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641 | </p> |
---|
642 | </div> |
---|
643 | <hr class="noprint"> |
---|
644 | <div id="rfc.toc"> |
---|
645 | <h2 class="np"><a href="#rfc.toc">Table of Contents</a></h2> |
---|
646 | <ul class="toc"> |
---|
647 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.1">1.</a> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a><ul> |
---|
648 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.1.1">1.1</a> <a href="#conformance">Conformance and Error Handling</a></li> |
---|
649 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.1.2">1.2</a> <a href="#notation">Syntax Notation</a></li> |
---|
650 | </ul> |
---|
651 | </li> |
---|
652 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.2">2.</a> <a href="#range.units">Range Units</a><ul> |
---|
653 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.2.1">2.1</a> <a href="#byte.ranges">Byte Ranges</a></li> |
---|
654 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.2.2">2.2</a> <a href="#range.units.other">Other Range Units</a></li> |
---|
655 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.2.3">2.3</a> <a href="#header.accept-ranges">Accept-Ranges</a></li> |
---|
656 | </ul> |
---|
657 | </li> |
---|
658 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.3">3.</a> <a href="#range.requests">Range Requests</a><ul> |
---|
659 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.3.1">3.1</a> <a href="#header.range">Range</a></li> |
---|
660 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.3.2">3.2</a> <a href="#header.if-range">If-Range</a></li> |
---|
661 | </ul> |
---|
662 | </li> |
---|
663 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.4">4.</a> <a href="#range.response">Responses to a Range Request</a><ul> |
---|
664 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.4.1">4.1</a> <a href="#status.206">206 Partial Content</a></li> |
---|
665 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.4.2">4.2</a> <a href="#header.content-range">Content-Range</a></li> |
---|
666 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.4.3">4.3</a> <a href="#combining.byte.ranges">Combining Ranges</a></li> |
---|
667 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.4.4">4.4</a> <a href="#status.416">416 Range Not Satisfiable</a></li> |
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668 | </ul> |
---|
669 | </li> |
---|
670 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.5">5.</a> <a href="#IANA.considerations">IANA Considerations</a><ul> |
---|
671 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.5.1">5.1</a> <a href="#range.unit.registry">Range Unit Registry</a><ul> |
---|
672 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.5.1.1">5.1.1</a> <a href="#range.unit.registry.procedure">Procedure</a></li> |
---|
673 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.5.1.2">5.1.2</a> <a href="#range.unit.registration">Registrations</a></li> |
---|
674 | </ul> |
---|
675 | </li> |
---|
676 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.5.2">5.2</a> <a href="#status.code.registration">Status Code Registration</a></li> |
---|
677 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.5.3">5.3</a> <a href="#header.field.registration">Header Field Registration</a></li> |
---|
678 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.5.4">5.4</a> <a href="#internet.media.type.http">Internet Media Type Registration</a><ul> |
---|
679 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.5.4.1">5.4.1</a> <a href="#internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges.reg">Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges</a></li> |
---|
680 | </ul> |
---|
681 | </li> |
---|
682 | </ul> |
---|
683 | </li> |
---|
684 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.6">6.</a> <a href="#security.considerations">Security Considerations</a><ul> |
---|
685 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.6.1">6.1</a> <a href="#overlapping.ranges">Denial-of-Service Attacks Using Range</a></li> |
---|
686 | </ul> |
---|
687 | </li> |
---|
688 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.7">7.</a> <a href="#acks">Acknowledgments</a></li> |
---|
689 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.8">8.</a> <a href="#rfc.references">References</a><ul> |
---|
690 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.8.1">8.1</a> <a href="#rfc.references.1">Normative References</a></li> |
---|
691 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.8.2">8.2</a> <a href="#rfc.references.2">Informative References</a></li> |
---|
692 | </ul> |
---|
693 | </li> |
---|
694 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.A">A.</a> <a href="#internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges">Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges</a></li> |
---|
695 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.B">B.</a> <a href="#changes.from.rfc.2616">Changes from RFC 2616</a></li> |
---|
696 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.C">C.</a> <a href="#imported.abnf">Imported ABNF</a></li> |
---|
697 | <li><a href="#rfc.section.D">D.</a> <a href="#collected.abnf">Collected ABNF</a></li> |
---|
698 | <li><a href="#rfc.index">Index</a></li> |
---|
699 | <li><a href="#rfc.authors">Authors' Addresses</a></li> |
---|
700 | </ul> |
---|
701 | </div> |
---|
702 | <div id="introduction"> |
---|
703 | <h2 id="rfc.section.1" class="np"><a href="#rfc.section.1">1.</a> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></h2> |
---|
704 | <div id="rfc.section.1.p.1"> |
---|
705 | <p>Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) clients often encounter interrupted data transfers |
---|
706 | as a result of canceled requests or dropped connections. When a client has stored |
---|
707 | a partial representation, it is desirable to request the remainder of that representation |
---|
708 | in a subsequent request rather than transfer the entire representation. Likewise, |
---|
709 | devices with limited local storage might benefit from being able to request only a |
---|
710 | subset of a larger representation, such as a single page of a very large document, |
---|
711 | or the dimensions of an embedded image. |
---|
712 | </p> |
---|
713 | </div> |
---|
714 | <div id="rfc.section.1.p.2"> |
---|
715 | <p>This document defines HTTP/1.1 range requests, partial responses, and the multipart/byteranges |
---|
716 | media type. Range requests are an <em class="bcp14">OPTIONAL</em> feature of HTTP, designed so that recipients not implementing this feature (or not |
---|
717 | supporting it for the target resource) can respond as if it is a normal GET request |
---|
718 | without impacting interoperability. Partial responses are indicated by a distinct |
---|
719 | status code to not be mistaken for full responses by caches that might not implement |
---|
720 | the feature. |
---|
721 | </p> |
---|
722 | </div> |
---|
723 | <div id="rfc.section.1.p.3"> |
---|
724 | <p>Although the range request mechanism is designed to allow for extensible range types, |
---|
725 | this specification only defines requests for byte ranges. |
---|
726 | </p> |
---|
727 | </div> |
---|
728 | <div id="conformance"> |
---|
729 | <h3 id="rfc.section.1.1"><a href="#rfc.section.1.1">1.1</a> <a href="#conformance">Conformance and Error Handling</a></h3> |
---|
730 | <div id="rfc.section.1.1.p.1"> |
---|
731 | <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD |
---|
732 | NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted |
---|
733 | as described in <a href="#RFC2119" id="rfc.xref.RFC2119.1"><cite title="Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels">[RFC2119]</cite></a>. |
---|
734 | </p> |
---|
735 | </div> |
---|
736 | <div id="rfc.section.1.1.p.2"> |
---|
737 | <p>Conformance criteria and considerations regarding error handling are defined in <a href="p1-messaging.html#conformance" title="Conformance and Error Handling">Section 2.5</a> of <a href="#RFC7230" id="rfc.xref.RFC7230.1"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing">[RFC7230]</cite></a>. |
---|
738 | </p> |
---|
739 | </div> |
---|
740 | </div> |
---|
741 | <div id="notation"> |
---|
742 | <h3 id="rfc.section.1.2"><a href="#rfc.section.1.2">1.2</a> <a href="#notation">Syntax Notation</a></h3> |
---|
743 | <div id="rfc.section.1.2.p.1"> |
---|
744 | <p>This specification uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) notation of <a href="#RFC5234" id="rfc.xref.RFC5234.1"><cite title="Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF">[RFC5234]</cite></a> with a list extension, defined in <a href="p1-messaging.html#abnf.extension" title="ABNF List Extension: #rule">Section 7</a> of <a href="#RFC7230" id="rfc.xref.RFC7230.2"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing">[RFC7230]</cite></a>, that allows for compact definition of comma-separated lists using a '#' operator |
---|
745 | (similar to how the '*' operator indicates repetition). <a href="#imported.abnf" title="Imported ABNF">Appendix C</a> describes rules imported from other documents. <a href="#collected.abnf" title="Collected ABNF">Appendix D</a> shows the collected grammar with all list operators expanded to standard ABNF notation. |
---|
746 | </p> |
---|
747 | </div> |
---|
748 | </div> |
---|
749 | </div> |
---|
750 | <div id="range.units"> |
---|
751 | <h2 id="rfc.section.2"><a href="#rfc.section.2">2.</a> <a href="#range.units">Range Units</a></h2> |
---|
752 | <div id="rfc.section.2.p.1"> |
---|
753 | <p>A representation can be partitioned into subranges according to various structural |
---|
754 | units, depending on the structure inherent in the representation's media type. This |
---|
755 | "<dfn>range unit</dfn>" is used in the <a href="#header.accept-ranges" class="smpl">Accept-Ranges</a> (<a href="#header.accept-ranges" id="rfc.xref.header.accept-ranges.1" title="Accept-Ranges">Section 2.3</a>) response header field to advertise support for range requests, the <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> (<a href="#header.range" id="rfc.xref.header.range.1" title="Range">Section 3.1</a>) request header field to delineate the parts of a representation that are requested, |
---|
756 | and the <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> (<a href="#header.content-range" id="rfc.xref.header.content-range.1" title="Content-Range">Section 4.2</a>) payload header field to describe which part of a representation is being transferred. |
---|
757 | </p> |
---|
758 | </div> |
---|
759 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.1"><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.1"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.2"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.3"></span> <a href="#range.units" class="smpl">range-unit</a> = <a href="#byte.ranges" class="smpl">bytes-unit</a> / <a href="#range.units.other" class="smpl">other-range-unit</a> |
---|
760 | </pre></div> |
---|
761 | <div id="byte.ranges"> |
---|
762 | <h3 id="rfc.section.2.1"><a href="#rfc.section.2.1">2.1</a> <a href="#byte.ranges">Byte Ranges</a></h3> |
---|
763 | <div id="rfc.section.2.1.p.1"> |
---|
764 | <p>Since representation data is transferred in payloads as a sequence of octets, a byte |
---|
765 | range is a meaningful substructure for any representation transferable over HTTP (<a href="p2-semantics.html#representations" title="Representations">Section 3</a> of <a href="#RFC7231" id="rfc.xref.RFC7231.1"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[RFC7231]</cite></a>). The "bytes" range unit is defined for expressing subranges of the data's octet |
---|
766 | sequence. |
---|
767 | </p> |
---|
768 | </div> |
---|
769 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.2"><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.4"></span> <a href="#byte.ranges" class="smpl">bytes-unit</a> = "bytes" |
---|
770 | </pre></div> |
---|
771 | <div id="rule.ranges-specifier"> |
---|
772 | <div id="rfc.section.2.1.p.2"> |
---|
773 | <p> A byte-range request can specify a single range of bytes or a set of ranges within |
---|
774 | a single representation. |
---|
775 | </p> |
---|
776 | </div> |
---|
777 | </div> |
---|
778 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.3"><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.5"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.6"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.7"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.8"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.9"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.10"></span> <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-ranges-specifier</a> = <a href="#byte.ranges" class="smpl">bytes-unit</a> "=" <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-set</a> |
---|
779 | <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-set</a> = 1#( <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-spec</a> / <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">suffix-byte-range-spec</a> ) |
---|
780 | <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-spec</a> = <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">first-byte-pos</a> "-" [ <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">last-byte-pos</a> ] |
---|
781 | <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">first-byte-pos</a> = 1*<a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">DIGIT</a> |
---|
782 | <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">last-byte-pos</a> = 1*<a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">DIGIT</a> |
---|
783 | </pre></div> |
---|
784 | <div id="rfc.section.2.1.p.3"> |
---|
785 | <p>The <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">first-byte-pos</a> value in a <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-spec</a> gives the byte-offset of the first byte in a range. The <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">last-byte-pos</a> value gives the byte-offset of the last byte in the range; that is, the byte positions |
---|
786 | specified are inclusive. Byte offsets start at zero. |
---|
787 | </p> |
---|
788 | </div> |
---|
789 | <div id="rfc.section.2.1.p.4"> |
---|
790 | <p>Examples of <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-ranges-specifier</a> values: |
---|
791 | </p> |
---|
792 | <ul> |
---|
793 | <li>The first 500 bytes (byte offsets 0-499, inclusive): <span id="rfc.figure.u.4"><pre class="text"> bytes=0-499 |
---|
794 | </pre></span> |
---|
795 | </li> |
---|
796 | <li>The second 500 bytes (byte offsets 500-999, inclusive): <span id="rfc.figure.u.5"><pre class="text"> bytes=500-999 |
---|
797 | </pre></span> |
---|
798 | </li> |
---|
799 | </ul> |
---|
800 | </div> |
---|
801 | <div id="rfc.section.2.1.p.5"> |
---|
802 | <p>A <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-spec</a> is invalid if the <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">last-byte-pos</a> value is present and less than the <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">first-byte-pos</a>. |
---|
803 | </p> |
---|
804 | </div> |
---|
805 | <div id="rfc.section.2.1.p.6"> |
---|
806 | <p>A client can limit the number of bytes requested without knowing the size of the selected |
---|
807 | representation. If the <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">last-byte-pos</a> value is absent, or if the value is greater than or equal to the current length of |
---|
808 | the representation data, the byte range is interpreted as the remainder of the representation |
---|
809 | (i.e., the server replaces the value of <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">last-byte-pos</a> with a value that is one less than the current length of the selected representation). |
---|
810 | </p> |
---|
811 | </div> |
---|
812 | <div id="rfc.section.2.1.p.7"> |
---|
813 | <p>A client can request the last N bytes of the selected representation using a <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">suffix-byte-range-spec</a>. |
---|
814 | </p> |
---|
815 | </div> |
---|
816 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.6"><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.11"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.12"></span> <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">suffix-byte-range-spec</a> = "-" <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">suffix-length</a> |
---|
817 | <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">suffix-length</a> = 1*<a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">DIGIT</a> |
---|
818 | </pre></div> |
---|
819 | <div id="rfc.section.2.1.p.8"> |
---|
820 | <p>If the selected representation is shorter than the specified <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">suffix-length</a>, the entire representation is used. |
---|
821 | </p> |
---|
822 | </div> |
---|
823 | <div id="rfc.section.2.1.p.9"> |
---|
824 | <p>Additional examples, assuming a representation of length 10000: </p> |
---|
825 | <ul> |
---|
826 | <li>The final 500 bytes (byte offsets 9500-9999, inclusive): <span id="rfc.figure.u.7"><pre class="text"> bytes=-500 |
---|
827 | </pre></span> Or: <span id="rfc.figure.u.8"><pre class="text"> bytes=9500- |
---|
828 | </pre></span> |
---|
829 | </li> |
---|
830 | <li>The first and last bytes only (bytes 0 and 9999): <span id="rfc.figure.u.9"><pre class="text"> bytes=0-0,-1 |
---|
831 | </pre></span> |
---|
832 | </li> |
---|
833 | <li>Other valid (but not canonical) specifications of the second 500 bytes (byte offsets |
---|
834 | 500-999, inclusive): <span id="rfc.figure.u.10"><pre class="text"> bytes=500-600,601-999 |
---|
835 | bytes=500-700,601-999 |
---|
836 | </pre></span> |
---|
837 | </li> |
---|
838 | </ul> |
---|
839 | </div> |
---|
840 | <div id="rfc.section.2.1.p.10"> |
---|
841 | <p>If a valid <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-set</a> includes at least one <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-spec</a> with a <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">first-byte-pos</a> that is less than the current length of the representation, or at least one <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">suffix-byte-range-spec</a> with a non-zero <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">suffix-length</a>, then the <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-set</a> is satisfiable. Otherwise, the <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-set</a> is unsatisfiable. |
---|
842 | </p> |
---|
843 | </div> |
---|
844 | <div id="rfc.section.2.1.p.11"> |
---|
845 | <p>In the byte-range syntax, <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">first-byte-pos</a>, <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">last-byte-pos</a>, and <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">suffix-length</a> are expressed as decimal number of octets. Since there is no predefined limit to the |
---|
846 | length of a payload, recipients <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> anticipate potentially large decimal numerals and prevent parsing errors due to integer |
---|
847 | conversion overflows. |
---|
848 | </p> |
---|
849 | </div> |
---|
850 | </div> |
---|
851 | <div id="range.units.other"> |
---|
852 | <h3 id="rfc.section.2.2"><a href="#rfc.section.2.2">2.2</a> <a href="#range.units.other">Other Range Units</a></h3> |
---|
853 | <div id="rfc.section.2.2.p.1"> |
---|
854 | <p>Range units are intended to be extensible. New range units ought to be registered |
---|
855 | with IANA, as defined in <a href="#range.unit.registry" title="Range Unit Registry">Section 5.1</a>. |
---|
856 | </p> |
---|
857 | </div> |
---|
858 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.11"><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.13"></span> <a href="#range.units.other" class="smpl">other-range-unit</a> = <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">token</a> |
---|
859 | </pre></div> |
---|
860 | </div> |
---|
861 | <div id="header.accept-ranges"> |
---|
862 | <h3 id="rfc.section.2.3"><a href="#rfc.section.2.3">2.3</a> <a href="#header.accept-ranges">Accept-Ranges</a></h3> |
---|
863 | <div id="rfc.section.2.3.p.1"> |
---|
864 | <p>The "Accept-Ranges" header field allows a server to indicate that it supports range |
---|
865 | requests for the target resource. |
---|
866 | </p> |
---|
867 | </div> |
---|
868 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.12"><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.14"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.15"></span> <a href="#header.accept-ranges" class="smpl">Accept-Ranges</a> = <a href="#header.accept-ranges" class="smpl">acceptable-ranges</a> |
---|
869 | <a href="#header.accept-ranges" class="smpl">acceptable-ranges</a> = 1#<a href="#range.units" class="smpl">range-unit</a> / "none" |
---|
870 | </pre></div> |
---|
871 | <div id="rfc.section.2.3.p.2"> |
---|
872 | <p>An origin server that supports byte-range requests for a given target resource <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> send |
---|
873 | </p> |
---|
874 | </div> |
---|
875 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.13"><pre class="text"> Accept-Ranges: bytes |
---|
876 | </pre></div> |
---|
877 | <div id="rfc.section.2.3.p.3"> |
---|
878 | <p>to indicate what range units are supported. A client <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> generate range requests without having received this header field for the resource |
---|
879 | involved. Range units are defined in <a href="#range.units" title="Range Units">Section 2</a>. |
---|
880 | </p> |
---|
881 | </div> |
---|
882 | <div id="rfc.section.2.3.p.4"> |
---|
883 | <p>A server that does not support any kind of range request for the target resource <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> send |
---|
884 | </p> |
---|
885 | </div> |
---|
886 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.14"><pre class="text"> Accept-Ranges: none |
---|
887 | </pre></div> |
---|
888 | <div id="rfc.section.2.3.p.5"> |
---|
889 | <p>to advise the client not to attempt a range request.</p> |
---|
890 | </div> |
---|
891 | </div> |
---|
892 | </div> |
---|
893 | <div id="range.requests"> |
---|
894 | <h2 id="rfc.section.3"><a href="#rfc.section.3">3.</a> <a href="#range.requests">Range Requests</a></h2> |
---|
895 | <div id="header.range"> |
---|
896 | <h3 id="rfc.section.3.1"><a href="#rfc.section.3.1">3.1</a> <a href="#header.range">Range</a></h3> |
---|
897 | <div id="rfc.section.3.1.p.1"> |
---|
898 | <p>The "Range" header field on a GET request modifies the method semantics to request |
---|
899 | transfer of only one or more subranges of the selected representation data, rather |
---|
900 | than the entire selected representation data. |
---|
901 | </p> |
---|
902 | </div> |
---|
903 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.15"><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.16"></span> <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> = <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-ranges-specifier</a> / <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">other-ranges-specifier</a> |
---|
904 | <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">other-ranges-specifier</a> = <a href="#range.units.other" class="smpl">other-range-unit</a> "=" <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">other-range-set</a> |
---|
905 | <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">other-range-set</a> = 1*<a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">VCHAR</a> |
---|
906 | </pre></div> |
---|
907 | <div id="rfc.section.3.1.p.2"> |
---|
908 | <p>A server <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> ignore the Range header field. However, origin servers and intermediate caches ought |
---|
909 | to support byte ranges when possible, since Range supports efficient recovery from |
---|
910 | partially failed transfers and partial retrieval of large representations. A server <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> ignore a Range header field received with a request method other than GET. |
---|
911 | </p> |
---|
912 | </div> |
---|
913 | <div id="rfc.section.3.1.p.3"> |
---|
914 | <p>An origin server <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> ignore a Range header field that contains a range unit it does not understand. A proxy <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> discard a Range header field that contains a range unit it does not understand. |
---|
915 | </p> |
---|
916 | </div> |
---|
917 | <div id="rfc.section.3.1.p.4"> |
---|
918 | <p>A server that supports range requests <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> ignore or reject a <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> header field that consists of more than two overlapping ranges, or a set of many small |
---|
919 | ranges that are not listed in ascending order, since both are indications of either |
---|
920 | a broken client or a deliberate denial-of-service attack (<a href="#overlapping.ranges" title="Denial-of-Service Attacks Using Range">Section 6.1</a>). A client <em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em> request multiple ranges that are inherently less efficient to process and transfer |
---|
921 | than a single range that encompasses the same data. |
---|
922 | </p> |
---|
923 | </div> |
---|
924 | <div id="rfc.section.3.1.p.5"> |
---|
925 | <p>A client that is requesting multiple ranges <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> list those ranges in ascending order (the order in which they would typically be received |
---|
926 | in a complete representation) unless there is a specific need to request a later part |
---|
927 | earlier. For example, a user agent processing a large representation with an internal |
---|
928 | catalog of parts might need to request later parts first, particularly if the representation |
---|
929 | consists of pages stored in reverse order and the user agent wishes to transfer one |
---|
930 | page at a time. |
---|
931 | </p> |
---|
932 | </div> |
---|
933 | <div id="rfc.section.3.1.p.6"> |
---|
934 | <p>The Range header field is evaluated after evaluating the precondition header fields |
---|
935 | defined in <a href="#RFC7232" id="rfc.xref.RFC7232.1"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests">[RFC7232]</cite></a>, and only if the result in absence of the Range header field would be a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.200" class="smpl">200 (OK)</a> response. In other words, Range is ignored when a conditional GET would result in |
---|
936 | a <a href="p4-conditional.html#status.304" class="smpl">304 (Not Modified)</a> response. |
---|
937 | </p> |
---|
938 | </div> |
---|
939 | <div id="rfc.section.3.1.p.7"> |
---|
940 | <p>The If-Range header field (<a href="#header.if-range" id="rfc.xref.header.if-range.1" title="If-Range">Section 3.2</a>) can be used as a precondition to applying the Range header field. |
---|
941 | </p> |
---|
942 | </div> |
---|
943 | <div id="rfc.section.3.1.p.8"> |
---|
944 | <p>If all of the preconditions are true, the server supports the Range header field for |
---|
945 | the target resource, and the specified range(s) are valid and satisfiable (as defined |
---|
946 | in <a href="#byte.ranges" title="Byte Ranges">Section 2.1</a>), the server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> send a <a href="#status.206" class="smpl">206 (Partial Content)</a> response with a payload containing one or more partial representations that correspond |
---|
947 | to the satisfiable ranges requested, as defined in <a href="#range.response" title="Responses to a Range Request">Section 4</a>. |
---|
948 | </p> |
---|
949 | </div> |
---|
950 | <div id="rfc.section.3.1.p.9"> |
---|
951 | <p>If all of the preconditions are true, the server supports the Range header field for |
---|
952 | the target resource, and the specified range(s) are invalid or unsatisfiable, the |
---|
953 | server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> send a <a href="#status.416" class="smpl">416 (Range Not Satisfiable)</a> response. |
---|
954 | </p> |
---|
955 | </div> |
---|
956 | </div> |
---|
957 | <div id="header.if-range"> |
---|
958 | <h3 id="rfc.section.3.2"><a href="#rfc.section.3.2">3.2</a> <a href="#header.if-range">If-Range</a></h3> |
---|
959 | <div id="rfc.section.3.2.p.1"> |
---|
960 | <p>If a client has a partial copy of a representation and wishes to have an up-to-date |
---|
961 | copy of the entire representation, it could use the <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> header field with a conditional GET (using either or both of <a href="p4-conditional.html#header.if-unmodified-since" class="smpl">If-Unmodified-Since</a> and <a href="p4-conditional.html#header.if-match" class="smpl">If-Match</a>.) However, if the precondition fails because the representation has been modified, |
---|
962 | the client would then have to make a second request to obtain the entire current representation. |
---|
963 | </p> |
---|
964 | </div> |
---|
965 | <div id="rfc.section.3.2.p.2"> |
---|
966 | <p>The "If-Range" header field allows a client to "short-circuit" the second request. |
---|
967 | Informally, its meaning is as follows: if the representation is unchanged, send me |
---|
968 | the part(s) that I am requesting in Range; otherwise, send me the entire representation. |
---|
969 | </p> |
---|
970 | </div> |
---|
971 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.16"><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.17"></span> <a href="#header.if-range" class="smpl">If-Range</a> = <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">entity-tag</a> / <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">HTTP-date</a> |
---|
972 | </pre></div> |
---|
973 | <div id="rfc.section.3.2.p.3"> |
---|
974 | <p>A client <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> generate an If-Range header field in a request that does not contain a <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> header field. A server <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> ignore an If-Range header field received in a request that does not contain a <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> header field. An origin server <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> ignore an If-Range header field received in a request for a target resource that does |
---|
975 | not support Range requests. |
---|
976 | </p> |
---|
977 | </div> |
---|
978 | <div id="rfc.section.3.2.p.4"> |
---|
979 | <p>A client <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> generate an If-Range header field containing an entity-tag that is marked as weak. |
---|
980 | A client <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> generate an If-Range header field containing an <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">HTTP-date</a> unless the client has no entity-tag for the corresponding representation and the date |
---|
981 | is a strong validator in the sense defined by <a href="p4-conditional.html#lastmod.comparison" title="Comparison">Section 2.2.2</a> of <a href="#RFC7232" id="rfc.xref.RFC7232.2"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests">[RFC7232]</cite></a>. |
---|
982 | </p> |
---|
983 | </div> |
---|
984 | <div id="rfc.section.3.2.p.5"> |
---|
985 | <p>A server that evaluates an If-Range precondition <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> use the strong comparison function when comparing entity-tags (<a href="p4-conditional.html#entity.tag.comparison" title="Comparison">Section 2.3.2</a> of <a href="#RFC7232" id="rfc.xref.RFC7232.3"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests">[RFC7232]</cite></a>) and <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> evaluate the condition as false if an <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">HTTP-date</a> validator is provided that is not a strong validator in the sense defined by <a href="p4-conditional.html#lastmod.comparison" title="Comparison">Section 2.2.2</a> of <a href="#RFC7232" id="rfc.xref.RFC7232.4"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests">[RFC7232]</cite></a>. A valid <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">entity-tag</a> can be distinguished from a valid <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">HTTP-date</a> by examining the first two characters for a DQUOTE. |
---|
986 | </p> |
---|
987 | </div> |
---|
988 | <div id="rfc.section.3.2.p.6"> |
---|
989 | <p>If the validator given in the If-Range header field matches the current validator |
---|
990 | for the selected representation of the target resource, then the server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> process the <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> header field as requested. If the validator does not match, the server <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> ignore the <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> header field. Note that this comparison by exact match, including when the validator |
---|
991 | is an <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">HTTP-date</a>, differs from the "earlier than or equal to" comparison used when evaluating an <a href="p4-conditional.html#header.if-unmodified-since" class="smpl">If-Unmodified-Since</a> conditional. |
---|
992 | </p> |
---|
993 | </div> |
---|
994 | </div> |
---|
995 | </div> |
---|
996 | <div id="range.response"> |
---|
997 | <h2 id="rfc.section.4"><a href="#rfc.section.4">4.</a> <a href="#range.response">Responses to a Range Request</a></h2> |
---|
998 | <div id="status.206"> |
---|
999 | <h3 id="rfc.section.4.1"><a href="#rfc.section.4.1">4.1</a> <a href="#status.206">206 Partial Content</a></h3> |
---|
1000 | <div id="rfc.section.4.1.p.1"> |
---|
1001 | <p>The <dfn>206 (Partial Content)</dfn> status code indicates that the server is successfully fulfilling a range request for |
---|
1002 | the target resource by transferring one or more parts of the selected representation |
---|
1003 | that correspond to the satisfiable ranges found in the request's <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> header field (<a href="#header.range" id="rfc.xref.header.range.2" title="Range">Section 3.1</a>). |
---|
1004 | </p> |
---|
1005 | </div> |
---|
1006 | <div id="rfc.section.4.1.p.2" class="avoidbreakafter"> |
---|
1007 | <p>If a single part is being transferred, the server generating the 206 response <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> generate a <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> header field, describing what range of the selected representation is enclosed, and |
---|
1008 | a payload consisting of the range. For example: |
---|
1009 | </p> |
---|
1010 | </div> |
---|
1011 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.17"><pre class="text">HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content |
---|
1012 | Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 06:25:24 GMT |
---|
1013 | Last-Modified: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 04:58:08 GMT |
---|
1014 | Content-Range: bytes 21010-47021/47022 |
---|
1015 | Content-Length: 26012 |
---|
1016 | Content-Type: image/gif |
---|
1017 | |
---|
1018 | ... 26012 bytes of partial image data ... |
---|
1019 | </pre></div> |
---|
1020 | <div id="rfc.section.4.1.p.3"> |
---|
1021 | <p>If multiple parts are being transferred, the server generating the 206 response <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> generate a "multipart/byteranges" payload, as defined in <a href="#internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges" title="Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges">Appendix A</a>, and a <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-type" class="smpl">Content-Type</a> header field containing the multipart/byteranges media type and its required boundary |
---|
1022 | parameter. To avoid confusion with single-part responses, a server <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> generate a <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> header field in the HTTP header section of a multiple part response (this field will |
---|
1023 | be sent in each part instead). |
---|
1024 | </p> |
---|
1025 | </div> |
---|
1026 | <div id="rfc.section.4.1.p.4" class="avoidbreakafter"> |
---|
1027 | <p>Within the header area of each body part in the multipart payload, the server <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> generate a <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> header field corresponding to the range being enclosed in that body part. If the selected |
---|
1028 | representation would have had a <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-type" class="smpl">Content-Type</a> header field in a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.200" class="smpl">200 (OK)</a> response, the server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> generate that same <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-type" class="smpl">Content-Type</a> field in the header area of each body part. For example: |
---|
1029 | </p> |
---|
1030 | </div> |
---|
1031 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.18"><pre class="text">HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content |
---|
1032 | Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 06:25:24 GMT |
---|
1033 | Last-Modified: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 04:58:08 GMT |
---|
1034 | Content-Length: 1741 |
---|
1035 | Content-Type: multipart/byteranges; boundary=THIS_STRING_SEPARATES |
---|
1036 | |
---|
1037 | --THIS_STRING_SEPARATES |
---|
1038 | Content-Type: application/pdf |
---|
1039 | Content-Range: bytes 500-999/8000 |
---|
1040 | |
---|
1041 | ...the first range... |
---|
1042 | --THIS_STRING_SEPARATES |
---|
1043 | Content-Type: application/pdf |
---|
1044 | Content-Range: bytes 7000-7999/8000 |
---|
1045 | |
---|
1046 | ...the second range |
---|
1047 | --THIS_STRING_SEPARATES-- |
---|
1048 | </pre></div> |
---|
1049 | <div id="rfc.section.4.1.p.5"> |
---|
1050 | <p>When multiple ranges are requested, a server <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> coalesce any of the ranges that overlap, or that are separated by a gap that is smaller |
---|
1051 | than the overhead of sending multiple parts, regardless of the order in which the |
---|
1052 | corresponding byte-range-spec appeared in the received <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> header field. Since the typical overhead between parts of a multipart/byteranges payload |
---|
1053 | is around 80 bytes, depending on the selected representation's media type and the |
---|
1054 | chosen boundary parameter length, it can be less efficient to transfer many small |
---|
1055 | disjoint parts than it is to transfer the entire selected representation. |
---|
1056 | </p> |
---|
1057 | </div> |
---|
1058 | <div id="rfc.section.4.1.p.6"> |
---|
1059 | <p>A server <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> generate a multipart response to a request for a single range, since a client that |
---|
1060 | does not request multiple parts might not support multipart responses. However, a |
---|
1061 | server <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> generate a multipart/byteranges payload with only a single body part if multiple ranges |
---|
1062 | were requested and only one range was found to be satisfiable or only one range remained |
---|
1063 | after coalescing. A client that cannot process a multipart/byteranges response <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> generate a request that asks for multiple ranges. |
---|
1064 | </p> |
---|
1065 | </div> |
---|
1066 | <div id="rfc.section.4.1.p.7"> |
---|
1067 | <p>When a multipart response payload is generated, the server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> send the parts in the same order that the corresponding byte-range-spec appeared in |
---|
1068 | the received <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> header field, excluding those ranges that were deemed unsatisfiable or that were coalesced |
---|
1069 | into other ranges. A client that receives a multipart response <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> inspect the <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> header field present in each body part in order to determine which range is contained |
---|
1070 | in that body part; a client cannot rely on receiving the same ranges that it requested, |
---|
1071 | nor the same order that it requested. |
---|
1072 | </p> |
---|
1073 | </div> |
---|
1074 | <div id="rfc.section.4.1.p.8"> |
---|
1075 | <p>When a 206 response is generated, the server <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> generate the following header fields, in addition to those required above, if the |
---|
1076 | field would have been sent in a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.200" class="smpl">200 (OK)</a> response to the same request: <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.date" class="smpl">Date</a>, <a href="p6-cache.html#header.cache-control" class="smpl">Cache-Control</a>, <a href="p4-conditional.html#header.etag" class="smpl">ETag</a>, <a href="p6-cache.html#header.expires" class="smpl">Expires</a>, <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-location" class="smpl">Content-Location</a>, and <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.vary" class="smpl">Vary</a>. |
---|
1077 | </p> |
---|
1078 | </div> |
---|
1079 | <div id="rfc.section.4.1.p.9"> |
---|
1080 | <p>If a 206 is generated in response to a request with an <a href="#header.if-range" class="smpl">If-Range</a> header field, the sender <em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em> generate other representation header fields beyond those required above, because the |
---|
1081 | client is understood to already have a prior response containing those header fields. |
---|
1082 | Otherwise, the sender <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> generate all of the representation header fields that would have been sent in a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.200" class="smpl">200 (OK)</a> response to the same request. |
---|
1083 | </p> |
---|
1084 | </div> |
---|
1085 | <div id="rfc.section.4.1.p.10"> |
---|
1086 | <p>A 206 response is cacheable by default; i.e., unless otherwise indicated by explicit |
---|
1087 | cache controls (see <a href="p6-cache.html#heuristic.freshness" title="Calculating Heuristic Freshness">Section 4.2.2</a> of <a href="#RFC7234" id="rfc.xref.RFC7234.1"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Caching">[RFC7234]</cite></a>). |
---|
1088 | </p> |
---|
1089 | </div> |
---|
1090 | </div> |
---|
1091 | <div id="header.content-range"> |
---|
1092 | <h3 id="rfc.section.4.2"><a href="#rfc.section.4.2">4.2</a> <a href="#header.content-range">Content-Range</a></h3> |
---|
1093 | <div id="rfc.section.4.2.p.1"> |
---|
1094 | <p>The "Content-Range" header field is sent in a single part <a href="#status.206" class="smpl">206 (Partial Content)</a> response to indicate the partial range of the selected representation enclosed as |
---|
1095 | the message payload, sent in each part of a multipart 206 response to indicate the |
---|
1096 | range enclosed within each body part, and sent in <a href="#status.416" class="smpl">416 (Range Not Satisfiable)</a> responses to provide information about the selected representation. |
---|
1097 | </p> |
---|
1098 | </div> |
---|
1099 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.19"><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.18"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.19"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.20"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.21"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.22"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.23"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.24"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.25"></span> <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> = <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">byte-content-range</a> |
---|
1100 | / <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">other-content-range</a> |
---|
1101 | |
---|
1102 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">byte-content-range</a> = <a href="#byte.ranges" class="smpl">bytes-unit</a> <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">SP</a> |
---|
1103 | ( <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">byte-range-resp</a> / <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">unsatisfied-range</a> ) |
---|
1104 | |
---|
1105 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">byte-range-resp</a> = <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">byte-range</a> "/" ( <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">complete-length</a> / "*" ) |
---|
1106 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">byte-range</a> = <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">first-byte-pos</a> "-" <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">last-byte-pos</a> |
---|
1107 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">unsatisfied-range</a> = "*/" <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">complete-length</a> |
---|
1108 | |
---|
1109 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">complete-length</a> = 1*<a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">DIGIT</a> |
---|
1110 | |
---|
1111 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">other-content-range</a> = <a href="#range.units.other" class="smpl">other-range-unit</a> <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">SP</a> <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">other-range-resp</a> |
---|
1112 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">other-range-resp</a> = *<a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">CHAR</a> |
---|
1113 | </pre></div> |
---|
1114 | <div id="rfc.section.4.2.p.2"> |
---|
1115 | <p>If a <a href="#status.206" class="smpl">206 (Partial Content)</a> response contains a <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> header field with a <a href="#range.units" class="smpl">range unit</a> (<a href="#range.units" title="Range Units">Section 2</a>) that the recipient does not understand, the recipient <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> attempt to recombine it with a stored representation. A proxy that receives such a |
---|
1116 | message <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> forward it downstream. |
---|
1117 | </p> |
---|
1118 | </div> |
---|
1119 | <div id="rfc.section.4.2.p.3"> |
---|
1120 | <p>For byte ranges, a sender <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> indicate the complete length of the representation from which the range has been extracted, |
---|
1121 | unless the complete length is unknown or difficult to determine. An asterisk character |
---|
1122 | ("*") in place of the complete-length indicates that the representation length was |
---|
1123 | unknown when the header field was generated. |
---|
1124 | </p> |
---|
1125 | </div> |
---|
1126 | <div id="rfc.section.4.2.p.4" class="avoidbreakafter"> |
---|
1127 | <p>The following example illustrates when the complete length of the selected representation |
---|
1128 | is known by the sender to be 1234 bytes: |
---|
1129 | </p> |
---|
1130 | </div> |
---|
1131 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.20"><pre class="text"> Content-Range: bytes 42-1233/1234 |
---|
1132 | </pre></div> |
---|
1133 | <div id="rfc.section.4.2.p.5" class="avoidbreakafter"> |
---|
1134 | <p>and this second example illustrates when the complete length is unknown:</p> |
---|
1135 | </div> |
---|
1136 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.21"><pre class="text"> Content-Range: bytes 42-1233/* |
---|
1137 | </pre></div> |
---|
1138 | <div id="rfc.section.4.2.p.6"> |
---|
1139 | <p>A Content-Range field value is invalid if it contains a <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">byte-range-resp</a> that has a <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">last-byte-pos</a> value less than its <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">first-byte-pos</a> value, or a <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">complete-length</a> value less than or equal to its <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">last-byte-pos</a> value. The recipient of an invalid <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> attempt to recombine the received content with a stored representation. |
---|
1140 | </p> |
---|
1141 | </div> |
---|
1142 | <div id="rfc.section.4.2.p.7" class="avoidbreakafter"> |
---|
1143 | <p>A server generating a <a href="#status.416" class="smpl">416 (Range Not Satisfiable)</a> response to a byte-range request <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> send a Content-Range header field with an <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">unsatisfied-range</a> value, as in the following example: |
---|
1144 | </p> |
---|
1145 | </div> |
---|
1146 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.22"><pre class="text"> Content-Range: bytes */1234 |
---|
1147 | </pre></div> |
---|
1148 | <div id="rfc.section.4.2.p.8"> |
---|
1149 | <p>The complete-length in a 416 response indicates the current length of the selected |
---|
1150 | representation. |
---|
1151 | </p> |
---|
1152 | </div> |
---|
1153 | <div id="rfc.section.4.2.p.9"> |
---|
1154 | <p>The Content-Range header field has no meaning for status codes that do not explicitly |
---|
1155 | describe its semantic. For this specification, only the <a href="#status.206" class="smpl">206 (Partial Content)</a> and <a href="#status.416" class="smpl">416 (Range Not Satisfiable)</a> status codes describe a meaning for Content-Range. |
---|
1156 | </p> |
---|
1157 | </div> |
---|
1158 | <div id="rfc.section.4.2.p.10"> |
---|
1159 | <p>The following are examples of Content-Range values in which the selected representation |
---|
1160 | contains a total of 1234 bytes: |
---|
1161 | </p> |
---|
1162 | <ul> |
---|
1163 | <li>The first 500 bytes: <span id="rfc.figure.u.23"><pre class="text"> Content-Range: bytes 0-499/1234 |
---|
1164 | </pre></span> |
---|
1165 | </li> |
---|
1166 | <li>The second 500 bytes: <span id="rfc.figure.u.24"><pre class="text"> Content-Range: bytes 500-999/1234 |
---|
1167 | </pre></span> |
---|
1168 | </li> |
---|
1169 | <li>All except for the first 500 bytes: <span id="rfc.figure.u.25"><pre class="text"> Content-Range: bytes 500-1233/1234 |
---|
1170 | </pre></span> |
---|
1171 | </li> |
---|
1172 | <li>The last 500 bytes: <span id="rfc.figure.u.26"><pre class="text"> Content-Range: bytes 734-1233/1234 |
---|
1173 | </pre></span> |
---|
1174 | </li> |
---|
1175 | </ul> |
---|
1176 | </div> |
---|
1177 | </div> |
---|
1178 | <div id="combining.byte.ranges"> |
---|
1179 | <h3 id="rfc.section.4.3"><a href="#rfc.section.4.3">4.3</a> <a href="#combining.byte.ranges">Combining Ranges</a></h3> |
---|
1180 | <div id="rfc.section.4.3.p.1"> |
---|
1181 | <p>A response might transfer only a subrange of a representation if the connection closed |
---|
1182 | prematurely or if the request used one or more Range specifications. After several |
---|
1183 | such transfers, a client might have received several ranges of the same representation. |
---|
1184 | These ranges can only be safely combined if they all have in common the same strong |
---|
1185 | validator (<a href="p4-conditional.html#weak.and.strong.validators" title="Weak versus Strong">Section 2.1</a> of <a href="#RFC7232" id="rfc.xref.RFC7232.5"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests">[RFC7232]</cite></a>). |
---|
1186 | </p> |
---|
1187 | </div> |
---|
1188 | <div id="rfc.section.4.3.p.2"> |
---|
1189 | <p>A client that has received multiple partial responses to GET requests on a target |
---|
1190 | resource <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> combine those responses into a larger continuous range if they share the same strong |
---|
1191 | validator. |
---|
1192 | </p> |
---|
1193 | </div> |
---|
1194 | <div id="rfc.section.4.3.p.3"> |
---|
1195 | <p>If the most recent response is an incomplete <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.200" class="smpl">200 (OK)</a> response, then the header fields of that response are used for any combined response |
---|
1196 | and replace those of the matching stored responses. |
---|
1197 | </p> |
---|
1198 | </div> |
---|
1199 | <div id="rfc.section.4.3.p.4"> |
---|
1200 | <p>If the most recent response is a <a href="#status.206" class="smpl">206 (Partial Content)</a> response and at least one of the matching stored responses is a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.200" class="smpl">200 (OK)</a>, then the combined response header fields consist of the most recent 200 response's |
---|
1201 | header fields. If all of the matching stored responses are 206 responses, then the |
---|
1202 | stored response with the most recent header fields is used as the source of header |
---|
1203 | fields for the combined response, except that the client <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> use other header fields provided in the new response, aside from <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a>, to replace all instances of the corresponding header fields in the stored response. |
---|
1204 | </p> |
---|
1205 | </div> |
---|
1206 | <div id="rfc.section.4.3.p.5"> |
---|
1207 | <p>The combined response message body consists of the union of partial content ranges |
---|
1208 | in the new response and each of the selected responses. If the union consists of the |
---|
1209 | entire range of the representation, then the client <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> process the combined response as if it were a complete <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.200" class="smpl">200 (OK)</a> response, including a <a href="p1-messaging.html#header.content-length" class="smpl">Content-Length</a> header field that reflects the complete length. Otherwise, the client <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> process the set of continuous ranges as one of the following: an incomplete <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.200" class="smpl">200 (OK)</a> response if the combined response is a prefix of the representation, a single <a href="#status.206" class="smpl">206 (Partial Content)</a> response containing a multipart/byteranges body, or multiple <a href="#status.206" class="smpl">206 (Partial Content)</a> responses, each with one continuous range that is indicated by a <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> header field. |
---|
1210 | </p> |
---|
1211 | </div> |
---|
1212 | </div> |
---|
1213 | <div id="status.416"> |
---|
1214 | <h3 id="rfc.section.4.4"><a href="#rfc.section.4.4">4.4</a> <a href="#status.416">416 Range Not Satisfiable</a></h3> |
---|
1215 | <div id="rfc.section.4.4.p.1"> |
---|
1216 | <p>The <dfn>416 (Range Not Satisfiable)</dfn> status code indicates that none of the ranges in the request's <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> header field (<a href="#header.range" id="rfc.xref.header.range.3" title="Range">Section 3.1</a>) overlap the current extent of the selected resource or that the set of ranges requested |
---|
1217 | has been rejected due to invalid ranges or an excessive request of small or overlapping |
---|
1218 | ranges. |
---|
1219 | </p> |
---|
1220 | </div> |
---|
1221 | <div id="rfc.section.4.4.p.2"> |
---|
1222 | <p>For byte ranges, failing to overlap the current extent means that the <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">first-byte-pos</a> of all of the <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-spec</a> values were greater than the current length of the selected representation. When this |
---|
1223 | status code is generated in response to a byte-range request, the sender <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> generate a <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> header field specifying the current length of the selected representation (<a href="#header.content-range" id="rfc.xref.header.content-range.2" title="Content-Range">Section 4.2</a>). |
---|
1224 | </p> |
---|
1225 | </div> |
---|
1226 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.27"> |
---|
1227 | <p>For example:</p><pre class="text">HTTP/1.1 416 Range Not Satisfiable |
---|
1228 | Date: Fri, 20 Jan 2012 15:41:54 GMT |
---|
1229 | Content-Range: bytes */47022 |
---|
1230 | </pre></div> |
---|
1231 | <div class="note"> |
---|
1232 | <div id="rfc.section.4.4.p.3"> |
---|
1233 | <p><b>Note:</b> Because servers are free to ignore <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a>, many implementations will simply respond with the entire selected representation |
---|
1234 | in a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.200" class="smpl">200 (OK)</a> response. That is partly because most clients are prepared to receive a <a href="p2-semantics.html#status.200" class="smpl">200 (OK)</a> to complete the task (albeit less efficiently) and partly because clients might not |
---|
1235 | stop making an invalid partial request until they have received a complete representation. |
---|
1236 | Thus, clients cannot depend on receiving a <a href="#status.416" class="smpl">416 (Range Not Satisfiable)</a> response even when it is most appropriate. |
---|
1237 | </p> |
---|
1238 | </div> |
---|
1239 | </div> |
---|
1240 | </div> |
---|
1241 | </div> |
---|
1242 | <div id="IANA.considerations"> |
---|
1243 | <h2 id="rfc.section.5"><a href="#rfc.section.5">5.</a> <a href="#IANA.considerations">IANA Considerations</a></h2> |
---|
1244 | <div id="range.unit.registry"> |
---|
1245 | <h3 id="rfc.section.5.1"><a href="#rfc.section.5.1">5.1</a> <a href="#range.unit.registry">Range Unit Registry</a></h3> |
---|
1246 | <div id="rfc.section.5.1.p.1"> |
---|
1247 | <p>The "HTTP Range Unit Registry" defines the namespace for the range unit names and |
---|
1248 | refers to their corresponding specifications. The registry has been created and is |
---|
1249 | now maintained at <<a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-parameters">http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-parameters</a>>. |
---|
1250 | </p> |
---|
1251 | </div> |
---|
1252 | <div id="range.unit.registry.procedure"> |
---|
1253 | <h4 id="rfc.section.5.1.1"><a href="#rfc.section.5.1.1">5.1.1</a> <a href="#range.unit.registry.procedure">Procedure</a></h4> |
---|
1254 | <div id="rfc.section.5.1.1.p.1"> |
---|
1255 | <p>Registration of an HTTP Range Unit <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> include the following fields: |
---|
1256 | </p> |
---|
1257 | <ul> |
---|
1258 | <li>Name</li> |
---|
1259 | <li>Description</li> |
---|
1260 | <li>Pointer to specification text</li> |
---|
1261 | </ul> |
---|
1262 | </div> |
---|
1263 | <div id="rfc.section.5.1.1.p.2"> |
---|
1264 | <p>Values to be added to this namespace require IETF Review (see <a href="#RFC5226" id="rfc.xref.RFC5226.1"><cite title="Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs">[RFC5226]</cite></a>, <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5226#section-4.1">Section 4.1</a>). |
---|
1265 | </p> |
---|
1266 | </div> |
---|
1267 | </div> |
---|
1268 | <div id="range.unit.registration"> |
---|
1269 | <h4 id="rfc.section.5.1.2"><a href="#rfc.section.5.1.2">5.1.2</a> <a href="#range.unit.registration">Registrations</a></h4> |
---|
1270 | <div id="rfc.section.5.1.2.p.1" class="avoidbreakafter"> |
---|
1271 | <p>The initial range unit registry contains the registrations below:</p> |
---|
1272 | </div> |
---|
1273 | <div id="rfc.table.1"> |
---|
1274 | <div id="iana.range.units.table"></div> |
---|
1275 | <table class="tt full tleft" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> |
---|
1276 | <thead> |
---|
1277 | <tr> |
---|
1278 | <th>Range Unit Name</th> |
---|
1279 | <th>Description</th> |
---|
1280 | <th>Reference</th> |
---|
1281 | </tr> |
---|
1282 | </thead> |
---|
1283 | <tbody> |
---|
1284 | <tr> |
---|
1285 | <td class="left">bytes</td> |
---|
1286 | <td class="left">a range of octets</td> |
---|
1287 | <td class="left"><a href="#byte.ranges" title="Byte Ranges">Section 2.1</a></td> |
---|
1288 | </tr> |
---|
1289 | <tr> |
---|
1290 | <td class="left">none</td> |
---|
1291 | <td class="left">reserved as keyword, indicating no ranges are supported</td> |
---|
1292 | <td class="left"><a href="#header.accept-ranges" id="rfc.xref.header.accept-ranges.2" title="Accept-Ranges">Section 2.3</a></td> |
---|
1293 | </tr> |
---|
1294 | </tbody> |
---|
1295 | </table> |
---|
1296 | </div> |
---|
1297 | <div id="rfc.section.5.1.2.p.2"> |
---|
1298 | <p>The change controller is: "IETF (iesg@ietf.org) - Internet Engineering Task Force".</p> |
---|
1299 | </div> |
---|
1300 | </div> |
---|
1301 | </div> |
---|
1302 | <div id="status.code.registration"> |
---|
1303 | <h3 id="rfc.section.5.2"><a href="#rfc.section.5.2">5.2</a> <a href="#status.code.registration">Status Code Registration</a></h3> |
---|
1304 | <div id="rfc.section.5.2.p.1" class="avoidbreakafter"> |
---|
1305 | <p>The "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Status Code Registry" located at <<a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes">http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes</a>> has been updated to include the registrations below: |
---|
1306 | </p> |
---|
1307 | </div> |
---|
1308 | <div id="rfc.table.2"> |
---|
1309 | <div id="iana.status.code.registration.table"></div> |
---|
1310 | <table class="tt full tleft" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> |
---|
1311 | <thead> |
---|
1312 | <tr> |
---|
1313 | <th>Value</th> |
---|
1314 | <th>Description</th> |
---|
1315 | <th>Reference</th> |
---|
1316 | </tr> |
---|
1317 | </thead> |
---|
1318 | <tbody> |
---|
1319 | <tr> |
---|
1320 | <td class="left">206</td> |
---|
1321 | <td class="left">Partial Content</td> |
---|
1322 | <td class="left"><a href="#status.206" id="rfc.xref.status.206.1" title="206 Partial Content">Section 4.1</a> |
---|
1323 | </td> |
---|
1324 | </tr> |
---|
1325 | <tr> |
---|
1326 | <td class="left">416</td> |
---|
1327 | <td class="left">Range Not Satisfiable</td> |
---|
1328 | <td class="left"><a href="#status.416" id="rfc.xref.status.416.1" title="416 Range Not Satisfiable">Section 4.4</a> |
---|
1329 | </td> |
---|
1330 | </tr> |
---|
1331 | </tbody> |
---|
1332 | </table> |
---|
1333 | </div> |
---|
1334 | </div> |
---|
1335 | <div id="header.field.registration"> |
---|
1336 | <h3 id="rfc.section.5.3"><a href="#rfc.section.5.3">5.3</a> <a href="#header.field.registration">Header Field Registration</a></h3> |
---|
1337 | <div id="rfc.section.5.3.p.1"> |
---|
1338 | <p>HTTP header fields are registered within the "Message Headers" registry maintained |
---|
1339 | at <<a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/">http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/</a>>. |
---|
1340 | </p> |
---|
1341 | </div> |
---|
1342 | <div id="rfc.section.5.3.p.2" class="avoidbreakafter"> |
---|
1343 | <p>This document defines the following HTTP header fields, so their associated registry |
---|
1344 | entries have been updated according to the permanent registrations below (see <a href="#BCP90" id="rfc.xref.BCP90.1"><cite title="Registration Procedures for Message Header Fields">[BCP90]</cite></a>): |
---|
1345 | </p> |
---|
1346 | </div> |
---|
1347 | <div id="rfc.table.3"> |
---|
1348 | <div id="iana.header.registration.table"></div> |
---|
1349 | <table class="tt full tleft" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> |
---|
1350 | <thead> |
---|
1351 | <tr> |
---|
1352 | <th>Header Field Name</th> |
---|
1353 | <th>Protocol</th> |
---|
1354 | <th>Status</th> |
---|
1355 | <th>Reference</th> |
---|
1356 | </tr> |
---|
1357 | </thead> |
---|
1358 | <tbody> |
---|
1359 | <tr> |
---|
1360 | <td class="left">Accept-Ranges</td> |
---|
1361 | <td class="left">http</td> |
---|
1362 | <td class="left">standard</td> |
---|
1363 | <td class="left"><a href="#header.accept-ranges" id="rfc.xref.header.accept-ranges.3" title="Accept-Ranges">Section 2.3</a> |
---|
1364 | </td> |
---|
1365 | </tr> |
---|
1366 | <tr> |
---|
1367 | <td class="left">Content-Range</td> |
---|
1368 | <td class="left">http</td> |
---|
1369 | <td class="left">standard</td> |
---|
1370 | <td class="left"><a href="#header.content-range" id="rfc.xref.header.content-range.3" title="Content-Range">Section 4.2</a> |
---|
1371 | </td> |
---|
1372 | </tr> |
---|
1373 | <tr> |
---|
1374 | <td class="left">If-Range</td> |
---|
1375 | <td class="left">http</td> |
---|
1376 | <td class="left">standard</td> |
---|
1377 | <td class="left"><a href="#header.if-range" id="rfc.xref.header.if-range.2" title="If-Range">Section 3.2</a> |
---|
1378 | </td> |
---|
1379 | </tr> |
---|
1380 | <tr> |
---|
1381 | <td class="left">Range</td> |
---|
1382 | <td class="left">http</td> |
---|
1383 | <td class="left">standard</td> |
---|
1384 | <td class="left"><a href="#header.range" id="rfc.xref.header.range.4" title="Range">Section 3.1</a> |
---|
1385 | </td> |
---|
1386 | </tr> |
---|
1387 | </tbody> |
---|
1388 | </table> |
---|
1389 | </div> |
---|
1390 | <div id="rfc.section.5.3.p.3"> |
---|
1391 | <p>The change controller is: "IETF (iesg@ietf.org) - Internet Engineering Task Force".</p> |
---|
1392 | </div> |
---|
1393 | </div> |
---|
1394 | <div id="internet.media.type.http"> |
---|
1395 | <h3 id="rfc.section.5.4"><a href="#rfc.section.5.4">5.4</a> <a href="#internet.media.type.http">Internet Media Type Registration</a></h3> |
---|
1396 | <div id="rfc.section.5.4.p.1"> |
---|
1397 | <p>IANA maintains the registry of Internet media types <a href="#BCP13" id="rfc.xref.BCP13.1"><cite title="Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures">[BCP13]</cite></a> at <<a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types">http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types</a>>. |
---|
1398 | </p> |
---|
1399 | </div> |
---|
1400 | <div id="rfc.section.5.4.p.2"> |
---|
1401 | <p>This document serves as the specification for the Internet media type "multipart/byteranges". |
---|
1402 | The following has been registered with IANA. |
---|
1403 | </p> |
---|
1404 | </div> |
---|
1405 | <div id="internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges.reg"> |
---|
1406 | <h4 id="rfc.section.5.4.1"><a href="#rfc.section.5.4.1">5.4.1</a> <a href="#internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges.reg">Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges</a></h4> |
---|
1407 | <div id="rfc.section.5.4.1.p.1"> |
---|
1408 | <dl> |
---|
1409 | <dt>Type name:</dt> |
---|
1410 | <dd>multipart</dd> |
---|
1411 | <dt>Subtype name:</dt> |
---|
1412 | <dd>byteranges</dd> |
---|
1413 | <dt>Required parameters:</dt> |
---|
1414 | <dd>boundary</dd> |
---|
1415 | <dt>Optional parameters:</dt> |
---|
1416 | <dd>N/A</dd> |
---|
1417 | <dt>Encoding considerations:</dt> |
---|
1418 | <dd>only "7bit", "8bit", or "binary" are permitted</dd> |
---|
1419 | <dt>Security considerations:</dt> |
---|
1420 | <dd>see <a href="#security.considerations" title="Security Considerations">Section 6</a> |
---|
1421 | </dd> |
---|
1422 | <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt> |
---|
1423 | <dd>N/A</dd> |
---|
1424 | <dt>Published specification:</dt> |
---|
1425 | <dd>This specification (see <a href="#internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges" title="Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges">Appendix A</a>). |
---|
1426 | </dd> |
---|
1427 | <dt>Applications that use this media type:</dt> |
---|
1428 | <dd>HTTP components supporting multiple ranges in a single request.</dd> |
---|
1429 | <dt>Fragment identifier considerations:</dt> |
---|
1430 | <dd>N/A</dd> |
---|
1431 | <dt>Additional information:</dt> |
---|
1432 | <dd> |
---|
1433 | <dl> |
---|
1434 | <dt>Deprecated alias names for this type:</dt> |
---|
1435 | <dd>N/A</dd> |
---|
1436 | <dt>Magic number(s):</dt> |
---|
1437 | <dd>N/A</dd> |
---|
1438 | <dt>File extension(s):</dt> |
---|
1439 | <dd>N/A</dd> |
---|
1440 | <dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt> |
---|
1441 | <dd>N/A</dd> |
---|
1442 | </dl> |
---|
1443 | </dd> |
---|
1444 | <dt>Person and email address to contact for further information:</dt> |
---|
1445 | <dd>See Authors' Addresses section.</dd> |
---|
1446 | <dt>Intended usage:</dt> |
---|
1447 | <dd>COMMON</dd> |
---|
1448 | <dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt> |
---|
1449 | <dd>N/A</dd> |
---|
1450 | <dt>Author:</dt> |
---|
1451 | <dd>See Authors' Addresses section.</dd> |
---|
1452 | <dt>Change controller:</dt> |
---|
1453 | <dd>IESG</dd> |
---|
1454 | </dl> |
---|
1455 | </div> |
---|
1456 | </div> |
---|
1457 | </div> |
---|
1458 | </div> |
---|
1459 | <div id="security.considerations"> |
---|
1460 | <h2 id="rfc.section.6"><a href="#rfc.section.6">6.</a> <a href="#security.considerations">Security Considerations</a></h2> |
---|
1461 | <div id="rfc.section.6.p.1"> |
---|
1462 | <p>This section is meant to inform developers, information providers, and users of known |
---|
1463 | security concerns specific to the HTTP range request mechanisms. More general security |
---|
1464 | considerations are addressed in HTTP messaging <a href="#RFC7230" id="rfc.xref.RFC7230.3"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing">[RFC7230]</cite></a> and semantics <a href="#RFC7231" id="rfc.xref.RFC7231.2"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[RFC7231]</cite></a>. |
---|
1465 | </p> |
---|
1466 | </div> |
---|
1467 | <div id="overlapping.ranges"> |
---|
1468 | <h3 id="rfc.section.6.1"><a href="#rfc.section.6.1">6.1</a> <a href="#overlapping.ranges">Denial-of-Service Attacks Using Range</a></h3> |
---|
1469 | <div id="rfc.section.6.1.p.1"> |
---|
1470 | <p>Unconstrained multiple range requests are susceptible to denial-of-service attacks |
---|
1471 | because the effort required to request many overlapping ranges of the same data is |
---|
1472 | tiny compared to the time, memory, and bandwidth consumed by attempting to serve the |
---|
1473 | requested data in many parts. Servers ought to ignore, coalesce, or reject egregious |
---|
1474 | range requests, such as requests for more than two overlapping ranges or for many |
---|
1475 | small ranges in a single set, particularly when the ranges are requested out of order |
---|
1476 | for no apparent reason. Multipart range requests are not designed to support random |
---|
1477 | access. |
---|
1478 | </p> |
---|
1479 | </div> |
---|
1480 | </div> |
---|
1481 | </div> |
---|
1482 | <div id="acks"> |
---|
1483 | <h2 id="rfc.section.7"><a href="#rfc.section.7">7.</a> <a href="#acks">Acknowledgments</a></h2> |
---|
1484 | <div id="rfc.section.7.p.1"> |
---|
1485 | <p>See <a href="p1-messaging.html#acks" title="Acknowledgments">Section 10</a> of <a href="#RFC7230" id="rfc.xref.RFC7230.4"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing">[RFC7230]</cite></a>. |
---|
1486 | </p> |
---|
1487 | </div> |
---|
1488 | </div> |
---|
1489 | <h2 id="rfc.references"><a id="rfc.section.8" href="#rfc.section.8">8.</a> References |
---|
1490 | </h2> |
---|
1491 | <h3 id="rfc.references.1"><a href="#rfc.section.8.1" id="rfc.section.8.1">8.1</a> Normative References |
---|
1492 | </h3> |
---|
1493 | <dl class="reference"> |
---|
1494 | <dt id="RFC2046">[RFC2046]</dt> |
---|
1495 | <dd>Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, “<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2046">Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types</a>”, RFC 2046, November 1996. |
---|
1496 | </dd> |
---|
1497 | <dt id="RFC2119">[RFC2119]</dt> |
---|
1498 | <dd>Bradner, S., “<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a>”, BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. |
---|
1499 | </dd> |
---|
1500 | <dt id="RFC5234">[RFC5234]</dt> |
---|
1501 | <dd>Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, “<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234">Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF</a>”, STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008. |
---|
1502 | </dd> |
---|
1503 | <dt id="RFC7230">[RFC7230]</dt> |
---|
1504 | <dd>Fielding, R., Ed. and J. Reschke, Ed., “<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-latest">Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing</a>”, Internet-Draft draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-latest (work in progress), June 2014. |
---|
1505 | </dd> |
---|
1506 | <dt id="RFC7231">[RFC7231]</dt> |
---|
1507 | <dd>Fielding, R., Ed. and J. Reschke, Ed., “<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-latest">Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content</a>”, Internet-Draft draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-latest (work in progress), June 2014. |
---|
1508 | </dd> |
---|
1509 | <dt id="RFC7232">[RFC7232]</dt> |
---|
1510 | <dd>Fielding, R., Ed. and J. Reschke, Ed., “<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional-latest">Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests</a>”, Internet-Draft draft-ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional-latest (work in progress), June 2014. |
---|
1511 | </dd> |
---|
1512 | <dt id="RFC7234">[RFC7234]</dt> |
---|
1513 | <dd>Fielding, R., Ed., Nottingham, M., Ed., and J. Reschke, Ed., “<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p6-cache-latest">Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Caching</a>”, Internet-Draft draft-ietf-httpbis-p6-cache-latest (work in progress), June 2014. |
---|
1514 | </dd> |
---|
1515 | </dl> |
---|
1516 | <h3 id="rfc.references.2"><a href="#rfc.section.8.2" id="rfc.section.8.2">8.2</a> Informative References |
---|
1517 | </h3> |
---|
1518 | <dl class="reference"> |
---|
1519 | <dt id="BCP13">[BCP13]</dt> |
---|
1520 | <dd>Freed, N., Klensin, J., and T. Hansen, “<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6838">Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures</a>”, BCP 13, RFC 6838, January 2013. |
---|
1521 | </dd> |
---|
1522 | <dt id="BCP90">[BCP90]</dt> |
---|
1523 | <dd>Klyne, G., Nottingham, M., and J. Mogul, “<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3864">Registration Procedures for Message Header Fields</a>”, BCP 90, RFC 3864, September 2004. |
---|
1524 | </dd> |
---|
1525 | <dt id="RFC2616">[RFC2616]</dt> |
---|
1526 | <dd>Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, “<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616">Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1</a>”, RFC 2616, June 1999. |
---|
1527 | </dd> |
---|
1528 | <dt id="RFC5226">[RFC5226]</dt> |
---|
1529 | <dd>Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, “<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5226">Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs</a>”, BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008. |
---|
1530 | </dd> |
---|
1531 | </dl> |
---|
1532 | <div id="internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges"> |
---|
1533 | <h2 id="rfc.section.A" class="np"><a href="#rfc.section.A">A.</a> <a href="#internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges">Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges</a></h2> |
---|
1534 | <div id="rfc.section.A.p.1"> |
---|
1535 | <p>When a <a href="#status.206" class="smpl">206 (Partial Content)</a> response message includes the content of multiple ranges, they are transmitted as |
---|
1536 | body parts in a multipart message body (<a href="#RFC2046" id="rfc.xref.RFC2046.1"><cite title="Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types">[RFC2046]</cite></a>, <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2046#section-5.1">Section 5.1</a>) with the media type of "multipart/byteranges". |
---|
1537 | </p> |
---|
1538 | </div> |
---|
1539 | <div id="rfc.section.A.p.2"> |
---|
1540 | <p>The multipart/byteranges media type includes one or more body parts, each with its |
---|
1541 | own <a href="p2-semantics.html#header.content-type" class="smpl">Content-Type</a> and <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> fields. The required boundary parameter specifies the boundary string used to separate |
---|
1542 | each body part. |
---|
1543 | </p> |
---|
1544 | </div> |
---|
1545 | <div id="rfc.section.A.p.3"> |
---|
1546 | <p>Implementation Notes: </p> |
---|
1547 | <ol> |
---|
1548 | <li>Additional CRLFs might precede the first boundary string in the body.</li> |
---|
1549 | <li>Although <a href="#RFC2046" id="rfc.xref.RFC2046.2"><cite title="Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types">[RFC2046]</cite></a> permits the boundary string to be quoted, some existing implementations handle a quoted |
---|
1550 | boundary string incorrectly. |
---|
1551 | </li> |
---|
1552 | <li>A number of clients and servers were coded to an early draft of the byteranges specification |
---|
1553 | that used a media type of multipart/x-byteranges<span id="rfc.iref.m.1"></span><span id="rfc.iref.m.2"></span>, which is almost (but not quite) compatible with this type. |
---|
1554 | </li> |
---|
1555 | </ol> |
---|
1556 | </div> |
---|
1557 | <div id="rfc.section.A.p.4" class="avoidbreakafter"> |
---|
1558 | <p>Despite the name, the "multipart/byteranges" media type is not limited to byte ranges. |
---|
1559 | The following example uses an "exampleunit" range unit: |
---|
1560 | </p> |
---|
1561 | </div> |
---|
1562 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.28"><pre class="text">HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content |
---|
1563 | Date: Tue, 14 Nov 1995 06:25:24 GMT |
---|
1564 | Last-Modified: Tue, 14 July 04:58:08 GMT |
---|
1565 | Content-Length: 2331785 |
---|
1566 | Content-Type: multipart/byteranges; boundary=THIS_STRING_SEPARATES |
---|
1567 | |
---|
1568 | --THIS_STRING_SEPARATES |
---|
1569 | Content-Type: video/example |
---|
1570 | Content-Range: exampleunit 1.2-4.3/25 |
---|
1571 | |
---|
1572 | ...the first range... |
---|
1573 | --THIS_STRING_SEPARATES |
---|
1574 | Content-Type: video/example |
---|
1575 | Content-Range: exampleunit 11.2-14.3/25 |
---|
1576 | |
---|
1577 | ...the second range |
---|
1578 | --THIS_STRING_SEPARATES-- |
---|
1579 | </pre></div> |
---|
1580 | </div> |
---|
1581 | <div id="changes.from.rfc.2616"> |
---|
1582 | <h2 id="rfc.section.B"><a href="#rfc.section.B">B.</a> <a href="#changes.from.rfc.2616">Changes from RFC 2616</a></h2> |
---|
1583 | <div id="rfc.section.B.p.1"> |
---|
1584 | <p>Servers are given more leeway in how they respond to a range request, in order to |
---|
1585 | mitigate abuse by malicious (or just greedy) clients. (<a href="#header.range" id="rfc.xref.header.range.5" title="Range">Section 3.1</a>) |
---|
1586 | </p> |
---|
1587 | </div> |
---|
1588 | <div id="rfc.section.B.p.2"> |
---|
1589 | <p>A weak validator cannot be used in a <a href="#status.206" class="smpl">206</a> response. (<a href="#status.206" id="rfc.xref.status.206.2" title="206 Partial Content">Section 4.1</a>) |
---|
1590 | </p> |
---|
1591 | </div> |
---|
1592 | <div id="rfc.section.B.p.3"> |
---|
1593 | <p>The Content-Range header field only has meaning when the status code explicitly defines |
---|
1594 | its use. (<a href="#header.content-range" id="rfc.xref.header.content-range.4" title="Content-Range">Section 4.2</a>) |
---|
1595 | </p> |
---|
1596 | </div> |
---|
1597 | <div id="rfc.section.B.p.4"> |
---|
1598 | <p>This specification introduces a Range Unit Registry. (<a href="#range.unit.registry" title="Range Unit Registry">Section 5.1</a>) |
---|
1599 | </p> |
---|
1600 | </div> |
---|
1601 | <div id="rfc.section.B.p.5"> |
---|
1602 | <p>multipart/byteranges can consist of a single part. (<a href="#internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges" title="Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges">Appendix A</a>) |
---|
1603 | </p> |
---|
1604 | </div> |
---|
1605 | </div> |
---|
1606 | <div id="imported.abnf"> |
---|
1607 | <h2 id="rfc.section.C"><a href="#rfc.section.C">C.</a> <a href="#imported.abnf">Imported ABNF</a></h2> |
---|
1608 | <div id="rfc.section.C.p.1"> |
---|
1609 | <p>The following core rules are included by reference, as defined in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234#appendix-B.1">Appendix B.1</a> of <a href="#RFC5234" id="rfc.xref.RFC5234.2"><cite title="Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF">[RFC5234]</cite></a>: ALPHA (letters), CR (carriage return), CRLF (CR LF), CTL (controls), DIGIT (decimal |
---|
1610 | 0-9), DQUOTE (double quote), HEXDIG (hexadecimal 0-9/A-F/a-f), LF (line feed), OCTET |
---|
1611 | (any 8-bit sequence of data), SP (space), and VCHAR (any visible US-ASCII character). |
---|
1612 | </p> |
---|
1613 | </div> |
---|
1614 | <div id="rfc.section.C.p.2"> |
---|
1615 | <p>Note that all rules derived from <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">token</a> are to be compared case-insensitively, like <a href="#range.units" class="smpl">range-unit</a> and <a href="#header.accept-ranges" class="smpl">acceptable-ranges</a>. |
---|
1616 | </p> |
---|
1617 | </div> |
---|
1618 | <div id="rfc.section.C.p.3" class="avoidbreakafter"> |
---|
1619 | <p>The rules below are defined in <a href="#RFC7230" id="rfc.xref.RFC7230.5"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing">[RFC7230]</cite></a>: |
---|
1620 | </p> |
---|
1621 | </div> |
---|
1622 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.29"><pre class="inline"> <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">OWS</a> = <OWS, see <a href="#RFC7230" id="rfc.xref.RFC7230.6"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing">[RFC7230]</cite></a>, <a href="p1-messaging.html#whitespace" title="Whitespace">Section 3.2.3</a>> |
---|
1623 | <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">token</a> = <token, see <a href="#RFC7230" id="rfc.xref.RFC7230.7"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing">[RFC7230]</cite></a>, <a href="p1-messaging.html#field.components" title="Field Value Components">Section 3.2.6</a>> |
---|
1624 | </pre></div> |
---|
1625 | <div id="rfc.section.C.p.4" class="avoidbreakafter"> |
---|
1626 | <p>The rules below are defined in other parts:</p> |
---|
1627 | </div> |
---|
1628 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.30"><pre class="inline"> <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">HTTP-date</a> = <HTTP-date, see <a href="#RFC7231" id="rfc.xref.RFC7231.3"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content">[RFC7231]</cite></a>, <a href="p2-semantics.html#http.date" title="Date/Time Formats">Section 7.1.1.1</a>> |
---|
1629 | <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">entity-tag</a> = <entity-tag, see <a href="#RFC7232" id="rfc.xref.RFC7232.6"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests">[RFC7232]</cite></a>, <a href="p4-conditional.html#header.etag" title="ETag">Section 2.3</a>> |
---|
1630 | </pre></div> |
---|
1631 | </div> |
---|
1632 | <div id="collected.abnf"> |
---|
1633 | <h2 id="rfc.section.D"><a href="#rfc.section.D">D.</a> <a href="#collected.abnf">Collected ABNF</a></h2> |
---|
1634 | <div id="rfc.section.D.p.1"> |
---|
1635 | <p>In the collected ABNF below, list rules are expanded as per <a href="p1-messaging.html#notation" title="Syntax Notation">Section 1.2</a> of <a href="#RFC7230" id="rfc.xref.RFC7230.8"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing">[RFC7230]</cite></a>. |
---|
1636 | </p> |
---|
1637 | </div> |
---|
1638 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.31"><pre class="inline"><a href="#header.accept-ranges" class="smpl">Accept-Ranges</a> = acceptable-ranges |
---|
1639 | |
---|
1640 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">Content-Range</a> = byte-content-range / other-content-range |
---|
1641 | |
---|
1642 | <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">HTTP-date</a> = <HTTP-date, see [RFC7231], Section 7.1.1.1> |
---|
1643 | |
---|
1644 | <a href="#header.if-range" class="smpl">If-Range</a> = entity-tag / HTTP-date |
---|
1645 | |
---|
1646 | <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">OWS</a> = <OWS, see [RFC7230], Section 3.2.3> |
---|
1647 | |
---|
1648 | <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">Range</a> = byte-ranges-specifier / other-ranges-specifier |
---|
1649 | |
---|
1650 | <a href="#header.accept-ranges" class="smpl">acceptable-ranges</a> = ( *( "," OWS ) range-unit *( OWS "," [ OWS |
---|
1651 | range-unit ] ) ) / "none" |
---|
1652 | |
---|
1653 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">byte-content-range</a> = bytes-unit SP ( byte-range-resp / |
---|
1654 | unsatisfied-range ) |
---|
1655 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">byte-range</a> = first-byte-pos "-" last-byte-pos |
---|
1656 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">byte-range-resp</a> = byte-range "/" ( complete-length / "*" ) |
---|
1657 | <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-set</a> = *( "," OWS ) ( byte-range-spec / |
---|
1658 | suffix-byte-range-spec ) *( OWS "," [ OWS ( byte-range-spec / |
---|
1659 | suffix-byte-range-spec ) ] ) |
---|
1660 | <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-range-spec</a> = first-byte-pos "-" [ last-byte-pos ] |
---|
1661 | <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">byte-ranges-specifier</a> = bytes-unit "=" byte-range-set |
---|
1662 | <a href="#byte.ranges" class="smpl">bytes-unit</a> = "bytes" |
---|
1663 | |
---|
1664 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">complete-length</a> = 1*DIGIT |
---|
1665 | |
---|
1666 | <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">entity-tag</a> = <entity-tag, see [RFC7232], Section 2.3> |
---|
1667 | |
---|
1668 | <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">first-byte-pos</a> = 1*DIGIT |
---|
1669 | |
---|
1670 | <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">last-byte-pos</a> = 1*DIGIT |
---|
1671 | |
---|
1672 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">other-content-range</a> = other-range-unit SP other-range-resp |
---|
1673 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">other-range-resp</a> = *CHAR |
---|
1674 | <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">other-range-set</a> = 1*VCHAR |
---|
1675 | <a href="#range.units.other" class="smpl">other-range-unit</a> = token |
---|
1676 | <a href="#header.range" class="smpl">other-ranges-specifier</a> = other-range-unit "=" other-range-set |
---|
1677 | |
---|
1678 | <a href="#range.units" class="smpl">range-unit</a> = bytes-unit / other-range-unit |
---|
1679 | |
---|
1680 | <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">suffix-byte-range-spec</a> = "-" suffix-length |
---|
1681 | <a href="#rule.ranges-specifier" class="smpl">suffix-length</a> = 1*DIGIT |
---|
1682 | |
---|
1683 | <a href="#imported.abnf" class="smpl">token</a> = <token, see [RFC7230], Section 3.2.6> |
---|
1684 | |
---|
1685 | <a href="#header.content-range" class="smpl">unsatisfied-range</a> = "*/" complete-length |
---|
1686 | </pre></div> |
---|
1687 | </div> |
---|
1688 | <h2 id="rfc.index"><a href="#rfc.index">Index</a></h2> |
---|
1689 | <p class="noprint"><a href="#rfc.index.2">2</a> <a href="#rfc.index.4">4</a> <a href="#rfc.index.A">A</a> <a href="#rfc.index.B">B</a> <a href="#rfc.index.C">C</a> <a href="#rfc.index.G">G</a> <a href="#rfc.index.I">I</a> <a href="#rfc.index.M">M</a> <a href="#rfc.index.R">R</a> |
---|
1690 | </p> |
---|
1691 | <div class="print2col"> |
---|
1692 | <ul class="ind"> |
---|
1693 | <li><a id="rfc.index.2" href="#rfc.index.2"><b>2</b></a><ul> |
---|
1694 | <li>206 Partial Content (status code) <a href="#rfc.section.4.1"><b>4.1</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.status.206.1">5.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.status.206.2">B</a></li> |
---|
1695 | </ul> |
---|
1696 | </li> |
---|
1697 | <li><a id="rfc.index.4" href="#rfc.index.4"><b>4</b></a><ul> |
---|
1698 | <li>416 Range Not Satisfiable (status code) <a href="#rfc.section.4.4"><b>4.4</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.status.416.1">5.2</a></li> |
---|
1699 | </ul> |
---|
1700 | </li> |
---|
1701 | <li><a id="rfc.index.A" href="#rfc.index.A"><b>A</b></a><ul> |
---|
1702 | <li>Accept-Ranges header field <a href="#rfc.xref.header.accept-ranges.1">2</a>, <a href="#rfc.section.2.3"><b>2.3</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.accept-ranges.2">5.1.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.accept-ranges.3">5.3</a></li> |
---|
1703 | </ul> |
---|
1704 | </li> |
---|
1705 | <li><a id="rfc.index.B" href="#rfc.index.B"><b>B</b></a><ul> |
---|
1706 | <li><em>BCP13</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.BCP13.1">5.4</a>, <a href="#BCP13"><b>8.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1707 | <li><em>BCP90</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.BCP90.1">5.3</a>, <a href="#BCP90"><b>8.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1708 | </ul> |
---|
1709 | </li> |
---|
1710 | <li><a id="rfc.index.C" href="#rfc.index.C"><b>C</b></a><ul> |
---|
1711 | <li>Content-Range header field <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.1">2</a>, <a href="#rfc.section.4.2"><b>4.2</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.2">4.4</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.3">5.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.4">B</a></li> |
---|
1712 | </ul> |
---|
1713 | </li> |
---|
1714 | <li><a id="rfc.index.G" href="#rfc.index.G"><b>G</b></a><ul> |
---|
1715 | <li><tt>Grammar</tt> |
---|
1716 | <ul> |
---|
1717 | <li><tt>Accept-Ranges</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.14"><b>2.3</b></a></li> |
---|
1718 | <li><tt>acceptable-ranges</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.15"><b>2.3</b></a></li> |
---|
1719 | <li><tt>byte-content-range</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.19"><b>4.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1720 | <li><tt>byte-range</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.21"><b>4.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1721 | <li><tt>byte-range-resp</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.20"><b>4.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1722 | <li><tt>byte-range-set</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.7"><b>2.1</b></a></li> |
---|
1723 | <li><tt>byte-range-spec</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.8"><b>2.1</b></a></li> |
---|
1724 | <li><tt>byte-ranges-specifier</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.6"><b>2.1</b></a></li> |
---|
1725 | <li><tt>bytes-unit</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.2">2</a>, <a href="#rfc.iref.g.4"><b>2.1</b></a></li> |
---|
1726 | <li><tt>complete-length</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.25"><b>4.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1727 | <li><tt>Content-Range</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.18"><b>4.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1728 | <li><tt>first-byte-pos</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.9"><b>2.1</b></a></li> |
---|
1729 | <li><tt>If-Range</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.17"><b>3.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1730 | <li><tt>last-byte-pos</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.10"><b>2.1</b></a></li> |
---|
1731 | <li><tt>other-content-range</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.23"><b>4.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1732 | <li><tt>other-range-resp</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.24"><b>4.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1733 | <li><tt>other-range-unit</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.3">2</a>, <a href="#rfc.iref.g.13"><b>2.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1734 | <li><tt>Range</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.16"><b>3.1</b></a></li> |
---|
1735 | <li><tt>range-unit</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.1"><b>2</b></a></li> |
---|
1736 | <li><tt>ranges-specifier</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.5"><b>2.1</b></a></li> |
---|
1737 | <li><tt>suffix-byte-range-spec</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.11"><b>2.1</b></a></li> |
---|
1738 | <li><tt>suffix-length</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.12"><b>2.1</b></a></li> |
---|
1739 | <li><tt>unsatisfied-range</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.22"><b>4.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1740 | </ul> |
---|
1741 | </li> |
---|
1742 | </ul> |
---|
1743 | </li> |
---|
1744 | <li><a id="rfc.index.I" href="#rfc.index.I"><b>I</b></a><ul> |
---|
1745 | <li>If-Range header field <a href="#rfc.xref.header.if-range.1">3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.section.3.2"><b>3.2</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.if-range.2">5.3</a></li> |
---|
1746 | </ul> |
---|
1747 | </li> |
---|
1748 | <li><a id="rfc.index.M" href="#rfc.index.M"><b>M</b></a><ul> |
---|
1749 | <li>Media Type |
---|
1750 | <ul> |
---|
1751 | <li>multipart/byteranges <a href="#rfc.section.5.4.1"><b>5.4.1</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.section.A"><b>A</b></a></li> |
---|
1752 | <li>multipart/x-byteranges <a href="#rfc.iref.m.2">A</a></li> |
---|
1753 | </ul> |
---|
1754 | </li> |
---|
1755 | <li>multipart/byteranges Media Type <a href="#rfc.section.5.4.1"><b>5.4.1</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.section.A"><b>A</b></a></li> |
---|
1756 | <li>multipart/x-byteranges Media Type <a href="#rfc.iref.m.1">A</a></li> |
---|
1757 | </ul> |
---|
1758 | </li> |
---|
1759 | <li><a id="rfc.index.R" href="#rfc.index.R"><b>R</b></a><ul> |
---|
1760 | <li>Range header field <a href="#rfc.xref.header.range.1">2</a>, <a href="#rfc.section.3.1"><b>3.1</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.range.2">4.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.range.3">4.4</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.range.4">5.3</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.range.5">B</a></li> |
---|
1761 | <li><em>RFC2046</em> <a href="#RFC2046"><b>8.1</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC2046.1">A</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC2046.2">A</a><ul> |
---|
1762 | <li><em>Section 5.1</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC2046.1">A</a></li> |
---|
1763 | </ul> |
---|
1764 | </li> |
---|
1765 | <li><em>RFC2119</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC2119.1">1.1</a>, <a href="#RFC2119"><b>8.1</b></a></li> |
---|
1766 | <li><em>RFC2616</em> <a href="#RFC2616"><b>8.2</b></a></li> |
---|
1767 | <li><em>RFC5226</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC5226.1">5.1.1</a>, <a href="#RFC5226"><b>8.2</b></a><ul> |
---|
1768 | <li><em>Section 4.1</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC5226.1">5.1.1</a></li> |
---|
1769 | </ul> |
---|
1770 | </li> |
---|
1771 | <li><em>RFC5234</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC5234.1">1.2</a>, <a href="#RFC5234"><b>8.1</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC5234.2">C</a><ul> |
---|
1772 | <li><em>Appendix B.1</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC5234.2">C</a></li> |
---|
1773 | </ul> |
---|
1774 | </li> |
---|
1775 | <li><em>RFC7230</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.1">1.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.2">1.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.3">6</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.4">7</a>, <a href="#RFC7230"><b>8.1</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.5">C</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.6">C</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.7">C</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.8">D</a><ul> |
---|
1776 | <li><em>Section 1.2</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.8">D</a></li> |
---|
1777 | <li><em>Section 2.5</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.1">1.1</a></li> |
---|
1778 | <li><em>Section 3.2.3</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.6">C</a></li> |
---|
1779 | <li><em>Section 3.2.6</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.7">C</a></li> |
---|
1780 | <li><em>Section 7</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.2">1.2</a></li> |
---|
1781 | <li><em>Section 10</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7230.4">7</a></li> |
---|
1782 | </ul> |
---|
1783 | </li> |
---|
1784 | <li><em>RFC7231</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7231.1">2.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7231.2">6</a>, <a href="#RFC7231"><b>8.1</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7231.3">C</a><ul> |
---|
1785 | <li><em>Section 3</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7231.1">2.1</a></li> |
---|
1786 | <li><em>Section 7.1.1.1</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7231.3">C</a></li> |
---|
1787 | </ul> |
---|
1788 | </li> |
---|
1789 | <li><em>RFC7232</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7232.1">3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7232.2">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7232.3">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7232.4">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7232.5">4.3</a>, <a href="#RFC7232"><b>8.1</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7232.6">C</a><ul> |
---|
1790 | <li><em>Section 2.1</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7232.5">4.3</a></li> |
---|
1791 | <li><em>Section 2.2.2</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7232.2">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7232.4">3.2</a></li> |
---|
1792 | <li><em>Section 2.3</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7232.6">C</a></li> |
---|
1793 | <li><em>Section 2.3.2</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7232.3">3.2</a></li> |
---|
1794 | </ul> |
---|
1795 | </li> |
---|
1796 | <li><em>RFC7234</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7234.1">4.1</a>, <a href="#RFC7234"><b>8.1</b></a><ul> |
---|
1797 | <li><em>Section 4.2.2</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC7234.1">4.1</a></li> |
---|
1798 | </ul> |
---|
1799 | </li> |
---|
1800 | </ul> |
---|
1801 | </li> |
---|
1802 | </ul> |
---|
1803 | </div> |
---|
1804 | <div class="avoidbreakinside"> |
---|
1805 | <h2 id="rfc.authors"><a href="#rfc.authors">Authors' Addresses</a></h2> |
---|
1806 | <p><b>Roy T. Fielding</b> |
---|
1807 | (editor) |
---|
1808 | <br>Adobe Systems Incorporated<br>345 Park Ave<br>San Jose, CA 95110<br>USA<br>Email: fielding@gbiv.com<br>URI: <a href="http://roy.gbiv.com/">http://roy.gbiv.com/</a></p> |
---|
1809 | <p><b>Yves Lafon</b> |
---|
1810 | (editor) |
---|
1811 | <br>World Wide Web Consortium<br>W3C / ERCIM<br>2004, rte des Lucioles<br>Sophia-Antipolis, AM 06902<br>France<br>Email: ylafon@w3.org<br>URI: <a href="http://www.raubacapeu.net/people/yves/">http://www.raubacapeu.net/people/yves/</a></p> |
---|
1812 | <p><b>Julian F. Reschke</b> |
---|
1813 | (editor) |
---|
1814 | <br>greenbytes GmbH<br>Hafenweg 16<br>Muenster, NW 48155<br>Germany<br>Email: julian.reschke@greenbytes.de<br>URI: <a href="http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/">http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/</a></p> |
---|
1815 | </div> |
---|
1816 | </body> |
---|
1817 | </html> |
---|