source: draft-ietf-httpbis/17/draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-17.xml @ 1500

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<rfc obsoletes="2616" updates="2617" category="std" ipr="pre5378Trust200902" docName="draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-17">
<front>

  <title abbrev="HTTP/1.1, Part 7">HTTP/1.1, part 7: Authentication</title>

  <author initials="R." surname="Fielding" fullname="Roy T. Fielding" role="editor">
    <organization abbrev="Adobe">Adobe Systems Incorporated</organization>
    <address>
      <postal>
        <street>345 Park Ave</street>
        <city>San Jose</city>
        <region>CA</region>
        <code>95110</code>
        <country>USA</country>
      </postal>
      <email>fielding@gbiv.com</email>
      <uri>http://roy.gbiv.com/</uri>
    </address>
  </author>

  <author initials="J." surname="Gettys" fullname="Jim Gettys">
    <organization abbrev="Alcatel-Lucent">Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs</organization>
    <address>
      <postal>
        <street>21 Oak Knoll Road</street>
        <city>Carlisle</city>
        <region>MA</region>
        <code>01741</code>
        <country>USA</country>
      </postal>
      <email>jg@freedesktop.org</email>
      <uri>http://gettys.wordpress.com/</uri>
    </address>
  </author>
  
  <author initials="J." surname="Mogul" fullname="Jeffrey C. Mogul">
    <organization abbrev="HP">Hewlett-Packard Company</organization>
    <address>
      <postal>
        <street>HP Labs, Large Scale Systems Group</street>
        <street>1501 Page Mill Road, MS 1177</street>
        <city>Palo Alto</city>
        <region>CA</region>
        <code>94304</code>
        <country>USA</country>
      </postal>
      <email>JeffMogul@acm.org</email>
    </address>
  </author>

  <author initials="H." surname="Frystyk" fullname="Henrik Frystyk Nielsen">
    <organization abbrev="Microsoft">Microsoft Corporation</organization>
    <address>
      <postal>
        <street>1 Microsoft Way</street>
        <city>Redmond</city>
        <region>WA</region>
        <code>98052</code>
        <country>USA</country>
      </postal>
      <email>henrikn@microsoft.com</email>
    </address>
  </author>

  <author initials="L." surname="Masinter" fullname="Larry Masinter">
    <organization abbrev="Adobe">Adobe Systems Incorporated</organization>
    <address>
      <postal>
        <street>345 Park Ave</street>
        <city>San Jose</city>
        <region>CA</region>
        <code>95110</code>
        <country>USA</country>
      </postal>
      <email>LMM@acm.org</email>
      <uri>http://larry.masinter.net/</uri>
    </address>
  </author>
  
  <author initials="P." surname="Leach" fullname="Paul J. Leach">
    <organization abbrev="Microsoft">Microsoft Corporation</organization>
    <address>
      <postal>
        <street>1 Microsoft Way</street>
        <city>Redmond</city>
        <region>WA</region>
        <code>98052</code>
      </postal>
      <email>paulle@microsoft.com</email>
    </address>
  </author>
   
  <author initials="T." surname="Berners-Lee" fullname="Tim Berners-Lee">
    <organization abbrev="W3C/MIT">World Wide Web Consortium</organization>
    <address>
      <postal>
        <street>MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</street>
        <street>The Stata Center, Building 32</street>
        <street>32 Vassar Street</street>
        <city>Cambridge</city>
        <region>MA</region>
        <code>02139</code>
        <country>USA</country>
      </postal>
      <email>timbl@w3.org</email>
      <uri>http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/</uri>
    </address>
  </author>

  <author initials="Y." surname="Lafon" fullname="Yves Lafon" role="editor">
    <organization abbrev="W3C">World Wide Web Consortium</organization>
    <address>
      <postal>
        <street>W3C / ERCIM</street>
        <street>2004, rte des Lucioles</street>
        <city>Sophia-Antipolis</city>
        <region>AM</region>
        <code>06902</code>
        <country>France</country>
      </postal>
      <email>ylafon@w3.org</email>
      <uri>http://www.raubacapeu.net/people/yves/</uri>
    </address>
  </author>

  <author initials="J. F." surname="Reschke" fullname="Julian F. Reschke" role="editor">
    <organization abbrev="greenbytes">greenbytes GmbH</organization>
    <address>
      <postal>
        <street>Hafenweg 16</street>
        <city>Muenster</city><region>NW</region><code>48155</code>
        <country>Germany</country>
      </postal>
      <phone>+49 251 2807760</phone>
      <facsimile>+49 251 2807761</facsimile>
      <email>julian.reschke@greenbytes.de</email>
      <uri>http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/</uri>
    </address>
  </author>

  <date month="October" year="2011" day="31"/>
  <workgroup>HTTPbis Working Group</workgroup>

<abstract>
<t>
   The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for
   distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP has been in
   use by the World Wide Web global information initiative since 1990. This
   document is Part 7 of the seven-part specification that defines the protocol
   referred to as "HTTP/1.1" and, taken together, obsoletes RFC 2616.
</t>
<t>
   Part 7 defines the HTTP Authentication framework.
</t>
</abstract>

<note title="Editorial Note (To be removed by RFC Editor)">
  <t>
    Discussion of this draft should take place on the HTTPBIS working group
    mailing list (ietf-http-wg@w3.org), which is archived at
    <eref target="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/"/>.
  </t>
  <t>
    The current issues list is at
    <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/report/3"/> and related
    documents (including fancy diffs) can be found at
    <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/"/>.
  </t>
  <t>
    The changes in this draft are summarized in <xref target="changes.since.16"/>.
  </t>
</note>
</front>
<middle>
<section title="Introduction" anchor="introduction">
<t>
   This document defines HTTP/1.1 access control and authentication. It
   includes the relevant parts of RFC 2616
   with only minor changes, plus the general framework for HTTP authentication,
   as previously defined in "HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access
   Authentication" (<xref target="RFC2617"/>).
</t>
<t>
   HTTP provides several OPTIONAL challenge-response authentication
   mechanisms which can be used by a server to challenge a client request and
   by a client to provide authentication information. The "basic" and "digest"
   authentication schemes continue to be specified in
   RFC 2617.
</t>

<section title="Conformance and Error Handling" anchor="intro.conformance.and.error.handling">
<t>
   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in <xref target="RFC2119"/>.
</t>
<t>
   This document defines conformance criteria for several roles in HTTP
   communication, including Senders, Recipients, Clients, Servers, User-Agents,
   Origin Servers, Intermediaries, Proxies and Gateways. See Section 2 of <xref target="Part1"/>
   for definitions of these terms.
</t>
<t>
   An implementation is considered conformant if it complies with all of the
   requirements associated with its role(s). Note that SHOULD-level requirements
   are relevant here, unless one of the documented exceptions is applicable.
</t>
<t>
   This document also uses ABNF to define valid protocol elements
   (<xref target="notation"/>). In addition to the prose requirements placed
   upon them, Senders MUST NOT generate protocol elements that are invalid.
</t>
<t>
   Unless noted otherwise, Recipients MAY take steps to recover a usable
   protocol element from an invalid construct. However, HTTP does not define
   specific error handling mechanisms, except in cases where it has direct
   impact on security. This is because different uses of the protocol require
   different error handling strategies; for example, a Web browser may wish to
   transparently recover from a response where the Location header field
   doesn't parse according to the ABNF, whereby in a systems control protocol
   using HTTP, this type of error recovery could lead to dangerous consequences.
</t>
</section>

<section title="Syntax Notation" anchor="notation">
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
<t>
  This specification uses the ABNF syntax defined in Section 1.2 of <xref target="Part1"/> (which
  extends the syntax defined in <xref target="RFC5234"/> with a list rule).
  <xref target="collected.abnf"/> shows the collected ABNF, with the list
  rule expanded.
</t>
<t>
  The following core rules are included by
  reference, as defined in <xref target="RFC5234"/>, Appendix B.1:
  ALPHA (letters), CR (carriage return), CRLF (CR LF), CTL (controls),
  DIGIT (decimal 0-9), DQUOTE (double quote),
  HEXDIG (hexadecimal 0-9/A-F/a-f), LF (line feed),
  OCTET (any 8-bit sequence of data), SP (space), and
  VCHAR (any visible US-ASCII character).
</t>

<section title="Core Rules" anchor="core.rules">
   
   
   
   
<t>
   The core rules below are defined in <xref target="Part1"/>:
</t>
<figure><artwork type="abnf2616"><![CDATA[
  BWS           = <BWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>
  OWS           = <OWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>
  quoted-string = <quoted-string, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.3>
  token         = <token, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.3>
]]></artwork></figure>
</section>
</section>
</section>

<section title="Access Authentication Framework" anchor="access.authentication.framework">

<section title="Challenge and Response" anchor="challenge.and.response">
  
  
  
  
  
<t>
   HTTP provides a simple challenge-response authentication mechanism
   that can be used by a server to challenge a client request and by a
   client to provide authentication information. It uses an extensible,
   case-insensitive token to identify the authentication scheme, followed
   by additional information necessary for achieving authentication via that
   scheme. The latter can either be a comma-separated list of attribute-value
   pairs or a single sequence of characters capable of holding base64-encoded
   information.
</t>
<figure><iref item="auth-scheme" primary="true"/><iref item="auth-param" primary="true"/><iref primary="true" item="Grammar" subitem="auth-scheme"/><iref primary="true" item="Grammar" subitem="auth-param"/><iref item="b64token" primary="true"/><iref primary="true" item="Grammar" subitem="b64token"/><artwork type="abnf2616"><![CDATA[
  auth-scheme    = token
  
  auth-param     = token BWS "=" BWS ( token / quoted-string )

  b64token       = 1*( ALPHA / DIGIT /
                       "-" / "." / "_" / "~" / "+" / "/" ) *"=" 
]]></artwork></figure>
<t>
   The "b64token" syntax allows the 66 unreserved URI characters (<xref target="RFC3986"/>),
   plus a few others, so that it can hold a base64, base64url (URL and filename
   safe alphabet), base32, or base16 (hex) encoding, with or without padding, but
   excluding whitespace (<xref target="RFC4648"/>). 
</t>
<t>
   The 401 (Unauthorized) response message is used by an origin server
   to challenge the authorization of a user agent. This response MUST
   include a WWW-Authenticate header field containing at least one
   challenge applicable to the requested resource.
</t>
<t>   
   The 407 (Proxy Authentication Required) response message is used by a proxy to
   challenge the authorization of a client and MUST include a Proxy-Authenticate
   header field containing at least one challenge
   applicable to the proxy for the requested resource.
</t>
<figure><iref item="challenge" primary="true"/><iref primary="true" item="Grammar" subitem="challenge"/><artwork type="abnf2616"><![CDATA[
  challenge   = auth-scheme [ 1*SP ( b64token / #auth-param ) ]
]]></artwork></figure>
<t><list>
  <t>
     Note: User agents will need to take special care in parsing the
     WWW-Authenticate and Proxy-Authenticate header field values because they
     can contain more than one challenge, or if more than one of each is
     provided, since the contents of a challenge can itself contain a
     comma-separated list of authentication parameters.
  </t>
</list></t>
<t><list>
  <t>
     Note: Many browsers fail to parse challenges containing unknown
     schemes. A workaround for this problem is to list well-supported schemes
     (such as "basic") first.<!-- see http://greenbytes.de/tech/tc/httpauth/#multibasicunknown2 -->
  </t>
</list></t>
<t>
   A user agent that wishes to authenticate itself with an origin server
   — usually, but not necessarily, after receiving a 401 (Unauthorized)
   — MAY do so by including an Authorization header field with the
   request.
</t>
<t>   
   A client that wishes to authenticate itself with a proxy — usually,
   but not necessarily, after receiving a 407 (Proxy Authentication Required)
   — MAY do so by including a Proxy-Authorization header field with the
   request.
</t>
<t>   
   Both the Authorization field value and the Proxy-Authorization field value
   consist of credentials containing the authentication information of the
   client for the realm of the resource being requested. The user agent MUST
   choose to use one of the challenges with the strongest auth-scheme it
   understands and request credentials from the user based upon that challenge.
</t>
<figure><iref item="credentials" primary="true"/><iref primary="true" item="Grammar" subitem="credentials"/><artwork type="abnf2616"><![CDATA[
  credentials = auth-scheme [ 1*SP ( b64token / #auth-param ) ]
]]></artwork></figure>
<t>
   If the origin server does not wish to accept the credentials sent
   with a request, it SHOULD return a 401 (Unauthorized) response. The
   response MUST include a WWW-Authenticate header field containing at
   least one (possibly new) challenge applicable to the requested
   resource.
</t>
<t>
   If a proxy does not accept the credentials sent with a
   request, it SHOULD return a 407 (Proxy Authentication Required). The
   response MUST include a Proxy-Authenticate header field containing a
   (possibly new) challenge applicable to the proxy for the requested
   resource.
</t>
<t>
   The HTTP protocol does not restrict applications to this simple
   challenge-response mechanism for access authentication. Additional
   mechanisms MAY be used, such as encryption at the transport level or
   via message encapsulation, and with additional header fields
   specifying authentication information. However, such additional
   mechanisms are not defined by this specification.
</t>
<t>
   Proxies MUST forward the WWW-Authenticate and Authorization headers
   unmodified and follow the rules found in <xref target="header.authorization"/>.
</t>
</section>

<section title="Protection Space (Realm)" anchor="protection.space">
  <iref item="Protection Space"/>
  <iref item="Realm"/>
<t>
   The authentication parameter realm is reserved for use by authentication
   schemes that wish to indicate the scope of protection:
</t>
<figure><iref item="realm" primary="true"/><iref item="realm-value" primary="true"/><iref primary="true" item="Grammar" subitem="realm"/><artwork type="abnf2616"><![CDATA[
  realm       = "realm" BWS "=" BWS realm-value
  realm-value = quoted-string
]]></artwork></figure>
<t>
   A protection space is defined by the canonical root URI (the
   scheme and authority components of the effective request URI; see
   Section 4.3 of <xref target="Part1"/>) of the
   server being accessed, in combination with the realm value if present.
   These realms allow the protected resources on a server to be
   partitioned into a set of protection spaces, each with its own
   authentication scheme and/or authorization database. The realm value
   is a string, generally assigned by the origin server, which can have
   additional semantics specific to the authentication scheme. Note that
   there can be multiple challenges with the same auth-scheme but
   different realms.
</t>
<t>
   The protection space determines the domain over which credentials can
   be automatically applied. If a prior request has been authorized, the
   same credentials MAY be reused for all other requests within that
   protection space for a period of time determined by the
   authentication scheme, parameters, and/or user preference. Unless
   otherwise defined by the authentication scheme, a single protection
   space cannot extend outside the scope of its server.
</t>
</section>

<section title="Authentication Scheme Registry" anchor="authentication.scheme.registry">
<t>
  The HTTP Authentication Scheme Registry defines the name space for the
  authentication schemes in challenges and credentials.
</t>
<t>
  Registrations MUST include the following fields:
  <list style="symbols">
    <t>Authentication Scheme Name</t>
    <t>Pointer to specification text</t>
    <t>Notes (optional)</t>
  </list>
</t>
<t>
  Values to be added to this name space are subject to IETF review
  (<xref target="RFC5226"/>, Section 4.1).
</t>
<t>
  The registry itself is maintained at <eref target="http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-authschemes"/>.
</t>

<section title="Considerations for New Authentication Schemes" anchor="considerations.for.new.authentication.schemes">
<t>
  There are certain aspects of the HTTP Authentication Framework that put
  constraints on how new authentication schemes can work:
</t>
<t>
  <list style="symbols">
    <t>
      Authentication schemes need to be compatible with the inherent
      constraints of HTTP; for instance, that messages need to keep their
      semantics when inspected in isolation, thus an authentication scheme
      can not bind information to the TCP session over which the message
      was received (see Section 2.2 of <xref target="Part1"/>). 
    </t>
    <t>
      The authentication parameter "realm" is reserved for defining Protection
      Spaces as defined in <xref target="protection.space"/>. New schemes
      MUST NOT use it in a way incompatible with that definition.
    </t>
    <t>
      The "b64token" notation was introduced for compatibility with existing
      authentication schemes and can only be used once per challenge/credentials.
      New schemes thus ought to use the "auth-param" syntax instead, because
      otherwise future extensions will be impossible.
    </t>
    <t>
      The parsing of challenges and credentials is defined by this specification,
      and cannot be modified by new authentication schemes. When the auth-param
      syntax is used, all parameters ought to support both token and
      quoted-string syntax, and syntactical constraints ought to be defined on
      the field value after parsing (i.e., quoted-string processing). This is
      necessary so that recipients can use a generic parser that applies to
      all authentication schemes.
    <vspace blankLines="1"/>
      Note: the fact that the value syntax for the "realm" parameter
      is restricted to quoted-string was a bad design choice not to be repeated
      for new parameters.
    </t>
    <t>
      Authentication schemes need to document whether they are usable in
      origin-server authentication (i.e., using WWW-Authenticate), and/or
      proxy authentication (i.e., using Proxy-Authenticate).
    </t>
    <t>
      The credentials carried in an Authorization header field are specific to
      the User Agent, and therefore have the same effect on HTTP caches as the
      "private" Cache-Control response directive, within the scope of the
      request they appear in.
    <vspace blankLines="1"/>
      Therefore, new authentication schemes which choose not to carry
      credentials in the Authorization header (e.g., using a newly defined
      header) will need to explicitly disallow caching, by mandating the use of
      either Cache-Control request directives (e.g., "no-store") or response
      directives (e.g., "private").
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

</section>

</section>

<section title="Status Code Definitions" anchor="status.code.definitions">
<section title="401 Unauthorized" anchor="status.401">
  <iref primary="true" item="401 Unauthorized (status code)"/>
  <iref primary="true" item="Status Codes" subitem="401 Unauthorized"/>
<t>
   The request requires user authentication. The response MUST include a
   WWW-Authenticate header field (<xref target="header.www-authenticate"/>) containing a challenge
   applicable to the target resource. The client MAY repeat the
   request with a suitable Authorization header field (<xref target="header.authorization"/>). If
   the request already included Authorization credentials, then the 401
   response indicates that authorization has been refused for those
   credentials. If the 401 response contains the same challenge as the
   prior response, and the user agent has already attempted
   authentication at least once, then the user SHOULD be presented the
   representation that was given in the response, since that representation might
   include relevant diagnostic information.
</t>
</section>
<section title="407 Proxy Authentication Required" anchor="status.407">
  <iref primary="true" item="407 Proxy Authentication Required (status code)"/>
  <iref primary="true" item="Status Codes" subitem="407 Proxy Authentication Required"/>
<t>
   This code is similar to 401 (Unauthorized), but indicates that the
   client ought to first authenticate itself with the proxy. The proxy MUST
   return a Proxy-Authenticate header field (<xref target="header.proxy-authenticate"/>) containing a
   challenge applicable to the proxy for the target resource. The
   client MAY repeat the request with a suitable Proxy-Authorization
   header field (<xref target="header.proxy-authorization"/>).
</t>
</section>
</section>

<section title="Header Field Definitions" anchor="header.field.definitions">
<t>
   This section defines the syntax and semantics of HTTP/1.1 header fields
   related to authentication.
</t>

<section title="Authorization" anchor="header.authorization">
  <iref primary="true" item="Authorization header field"/>
  <iref primary="true" item="Header Fields" subitem="Authorization"/>
  
<t>
   The "Authorization" header field allows a user agent to authenticate
   itself with a server — usually, but not necessarily, after receiving a 401
   (Unauthorized) response. Its value consists of credentials containing 
   information of the user agent for the realm of the resource being
   requested.
</t>
<figure><iref primary="true" item="Grammar" subitem="Authorization"/><artwork type="abnf2616"><![CDATA[
  Authorization = credentials
]]></artwork></figure>
<t>
   If a request is
   authenticated and a realm specified, the same credentials SHOULD
   be valid for all other requests within this realm (assuming that
   the authentication scheme itself does not require otherwise, such
   as credentials that vary according to a challenge value or using
   synchronized clocks).
</t>
<t>
      When a shared cache (see Section 1.2 of <xref target="Part6"/>) receives a request
      containing an Authorization field, it MUST NOT return the
      corresponding response as a reply to any other request, unless one
      of the following specific exceptions holds:
</t>
<t>
  <list style="numbers">
      <t>If the response includes the "s-maxage" cache-control
         directive, the cache MAY use that response in replying to a
         subsequent request. But (if the specified maximum age has
         passed) a proxy cache MUST first revalidate it with the origin
         server, using the header fields from the new request to allow
         the origin server to authenticate the new request. (This is the
         defined behavior for s-maxage.) If the response includes "s-maxage=0",
         the proxy MUST always revalidate it before re-using
         it.</t>

      <t>If the response includes the "must-revalidate" cache-control
         directive, the cache MAY use that response in replying to a
         subsequent request. But if the response is stale, all caches
         MUST first revalidate it with the origin server, using the
         header fields from the new request to allow the origin server
         to authenticate the new request.</t>

      <t>If the response includes the "public" cache-control directive,
         it MAY be returned in reply to any subsequent request.</t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

<section title="Proxy-Authenticate" anchor="header.proxy-authenticate">
  <iref primary="true" item="Proxy-Authenticate header field"/>
  <iref primary="true" item="Header Fields" subitem="Proxy-Authenticate"/>
  
<t>
   The "Proxy-Authenticate" header field consists of a challenge that
   indicates the authentication scheme and parameters applicable to the proxy
   for this effective request URI (Section 4.3 of <xref target="Part1"/>). It MUST be included as part
   of a 407 (Proxy Authentication Required) response.
</t>
<figure><iref primary="true" item="Grammar" subitem="Proxy-Authenticate"/><artwork type="abnf2616"><![CDATA[
  Proxy-Authenticate = 1#challenge
]]></artwork></figure>
<t>
   Unlike WWW-Authenticate, the Proxy-Authenticate header field applies only to
   the current connection and SHOULD NOT  be passed on to downstream
   clients. However, an intermediate proxy might need to obtain its own
   credentials by requesting them from the downstream client, which in
   some circumstances will appear as if the proxy is forwarding the
   Proxy-Authenticate header field.
</t>
</section>

<section title="Proxy-Authorization" anchor="header.proxy-authorization">
  <iref primary="true" item="Proxy-Authorization header field"/>
  <iref primary="true" item="Header Fields" subitem="Proxy-Authorization"/>
  
<t>
   The "Proxy-Authorization" header field allows the client to
   identify itself (or its user) to a proxy which requires
   authentication. Its value consists of
   credentials containing the authentication information of the user
   agent for the proxy and/or realm of the resource being requested.
</t>
<figure><iref primary="true" item="Grammar" subitem="Proxy-Authorization"/><artwork type="abnf2616"><![CDATA[
  Proxy-Authorization = credentials
]]></artwork></figure>
<t>
   Unlike Authorization, the Proxy-Authorization header field applies only to
   the next outbound proxy that demanded authentication using the Proxy-Authenticate
   field. When multiple proxies are used in a chain, the
   Proxy-Authorization header field is consumed by the first outbound
   proxy that was expecting to receive credentials. A proxy MAY relay
   the credentials from the client request to the next proxy if that is
   the mechanism by which the proxies cooperatively authenticate a given
   request.
</t>
</section>

<section title="WWW-Authenticate" anchor="header.www-authenticate">
  <iref primary="true" item="WWW-Authenticate header field"/>
  <iref primary="true" item="Header Fields" subitem="WWW-Authenticate"/>
  
<t>
   The "WWW-Authenticate" header field consists of at least one
   challenge that indicates the authentication scheme(s) and parameters
   applicable to the effective request URI (Section 4.3 of <xref target="Part1"/>).
</t>
<t>   
   It MUST be included in 401 (Unauthorized) response messages and MAY be
   included in other response messages to indicate that supplying credentials
   (or different credentials) might affect the response.
</t>
<figure><iref primary="true" item="Grammar" subitem="WWW-Authenticate"/><artwork type="abnf2616"><![CDATA[
  WWW-Authenticate = 1#challenge
]]></artwork></figure>
<t>
   User agents are advised to take special care in parsing the WWW-Authenticate
   field value as it might contain more than one challenge,
   or if more than one WWW-Authenticate header field is provided, the
   contents of a challenge itself can contain a comma-separated list of
   authentication parameters.
</t>
<figure>
  <preamble>For instance:</preamble>
  <artwork type="example"><![CDATA[
  WWW-Authenticate: Newauth realm="apps", type=1,
                    title="Login to \"apps\"", Basic realm="simple"
]]></artwork>
  <postamble>
  This header field contains two challenges; one for the "Newauth" scheme
  with a realm value of "apps", and two additional parameters "type" and
  "title", and another one for the "Basic" scheme with a realm value of "simple".
</postamble></figure>
</section>

</section>

<section title="IANA Considerations" anchor="IANA.considerations">

<section title="Authenticaton Scheme Registry" anchor="authentication.scheme.registration">
<t>
  The registration procedure for HTTP Authentication Schemes is defined by 
  <xref target="authentication.scheme.registry"/> of this document.
</t>
<t>
   The HTTP Method Authentication Scheme shall be created at <eref target="http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-authschemes"/>.
</t>
</section>

<section title="Status Code Registration" anchor="status.code.registration">
<t>
   The HTTP Status Code Registry located at <eref target="http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes"/>
   shall be updated with the registrations below:
</t>

<!--AUTOGENERATED FROM extract-status-code-defs.xslt, do not edit manually-->
<texttable align="left" suppress-title="true" anchor="iana.status.code.registration.table">
   <ttcol>Value</ttcol>
   <ttcol>Description</ttcol>
   <ttcol>Reference</ttcol>
   <c>401</c>
   <c>Unauthorized</c>
   <c>
      <xref target="status.401"/>
   </c>
   <c>407</c>
   <c>Proxy Authentication Required</c>
   <c>
      <xref target="status.407"/>
   </c>
</texttable>
<!--(END)-->

</section>

<section title="Header Field Registration" anchor="header.field.registration">
<t>
   The Message Header Field Registry located at <eref target="http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/message-header-index.html"/> shall be updated
   with the permanent registrations below (see <xref target="RFC3864"/>):
</t>

<!--AUTOGENERATED FROM extract-header-defs.xslt, do not edit manually-->
<texttable align="left" suppress-title="true" anchor="iana.header.registration.table">
   <ttcol>Header Field Name</ttcol>
   <ttcol>Protocol</ttcol>
   <ttcol>Status</ttcol>
   <ttcol>Reference</ttcol>

   <c>Authorization</c>
   <c>http</c>
   <c>standard</c>
   <c>
      <xref target="header.authorization"/>
   </c>
   <c>Proxy-Authenticate</c>
   <c>http</c>
   <c>standard</c>
   <c>
      <xref target="header.proxy-authenticate"/>
   </c>
   <c>Proxy-Authorization</c>
   <c>http</c>
   <c>standard</c>
   <c>
      <xref target="header.proxy-authorization"/>
   </c>
   <c>WWW-Authenticate</c>
   <c>http</c>
   <c>standard</c>
   <c>
      <xref target="header.www-authenticate"/>
   </c>
</texttable>
<!--(END)-->

<t>
   The change controller is: "IETF (iesg@ietf.org) - Internet Engineering Task Force".
</t>
</section>
</section>

<section title="Security Considerations" anchor="security.considerations">
<t>
   This section is meant to inform application developers, information
   providers, and users of the security limitations in HTTP/1.1 as
   described by this document. The discussion does not include
   definitive solutions to the problems revealed, though it does make
   some suggestions for reducing security risks.
</t>

<section title="Authentication Credentials and Idle Clients" anchor="auth.credentials.and.idle.clients">
<t>
   Existing HTTP clients and user agents typically retain authentication
   information indefinitely. HTTP/1.1 does not provide a method for a
   server to direct clients to discard these cached credentials. This is
   a significant defect that requires further extensions to HTTP.
   Circumstances under which credential caching can interfere with the
   application's security model include but are not limited to:
  <list style="symbols">
     <t>Clients which have been idle for an extended period following
        which the server might wish to cause the client to reprompt the
        user for credentials.</t>

     <t>Applications which include a session termination indication
        (such as a "logout" or "commit" button on a page) after which
        the server side of the application "knows" that there is no
        further reason for the client to retain the credentials.</t>
  </list>
</t>
<t>
   This is currently under separate study. There are a number of work-arounds
   to parts of this problem, and we encourage the use of
   password protection in screen savers, idle time-outs, and other
   methods which mitigate the security problems inherent in this
   problem. In particular, user agents which cache credentials are
   encouraged to provide a readily accessible mechanism for discarding
   cached credentials under user control.
</t>
</section>
</section>

<section title="Acknowledgments" anchor="acks">
<t>
  This specification takes over the definition of the HTTP Authentication
  Framework, previously defined in RFC 2617.
  We thank John Franks, Phillip M. Hallam-Baker, Jeffery L. Hostetler, Scott D. Lawrence,
  Paul J. Leach, Ari Luotonen, and Lawrence C. Stewart for their work
  on that specification. See Section 6 of <xref target="RFC2617"/>
  for further acknowledgements.  
</t>
<t>
  See Section 11 of <xref target="Part1"/> for the Acknowledgments related to this document revision.
</t>
</section>
</middle>

<back>

<references title="Normative References">

<reference anchor="Part1">
  <front>
    <title abbrev="HTTP/1.1">HTTP/1.1, part 1: URIs, Connections, and Message Parsing</title>
    <author initials="R." surname="Fielding" fullname="Roy T. Fielding" role="editor">
      <organization abbrev="Adobe">Adobe Systems Incorporated</organization>
      <address><email>fielding@gbiv.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="J." surname="Gettys" fullname="Jim Gettys">
      <organization abbrev="Alcatel-Lucent">Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs</organization>
      <address><email>jg@freedesktop.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="J." surname="Mogul" fullname="Jeffrey C. Mogul">
      <organization abbrev="HP">Hewlett-Packard Company</organization>
      <address><email>JeffMogul@acm.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="H." surname="Frystyk" fullname="Henrik Frystyk Nielsen">
      <organization abbrev="Microsoft">Microsoft Corporation</organization>
      <address><email>henrikn@microsoft.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="L." surname="Masinter" fullname="Larry Masinter">
      <organization abbrev="Adobe">Adobe Systems Incorporated</organization>
      <address><email>LMM@acm.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="P." surname="Leach" fullname="Paul J. Leach">
      <organization abbrev="Microsoft">Microsoft Corporation</organization>
      <address><email>paulle@microsoft.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="T." surname="Berners-Lee" fullname="Tim Berners-Lee">
      <organization abbrev="W3C/MIT">World Wide Web Consortium</organization>
      <address><email>timbl@w3.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="Y." surname="Lafon" fullname="Yves Lafon" role="editor">
      <organization abbrev="W3C">World Wide Web Consortium</organization>
      <address><email>ylafon@w3.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="J. F." surname="Reschke" fullname="Julian F. Reschke" role="editor">
      <organization abbrev="greenbytes">greenbytes GmbH</organization>
      <address><email>julian.reschke@greenbytes.de</email></address>
    </author>
    <date month="October" year="2011"/>
  </front>
  <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-17"/>
  
</reference>

<reference anchor="Part6">
  <front>
    <title abbrev="HTTP/1.1">HTTP/1.1, part 6: Caching</title>
    <author initials="R." surname="Fielding" fullname="Roy T. Fielding" role="editor">
      <organization abbrev="Adobe">Adobe Systems Incorporated</organization>
      <address><email>fielding@gbiv.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="J." surname="Gettys" fullname="Jim Gettys">
      <organization abbrev="Alcatel-Lucent">Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs</organization>
      <address><email>jg@freedesktop.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="J." surname="Mogul" fullname="Jeffrey C. Mogul">
      <organization abbrev="HP">Hewlett-Packard Company</organization>
      <address><email>JeffMogul@acm.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="H." surname="Frystyk" fullname="Henrik Frystyk Nielsen">
      <organization abbrev="Microsoft">Microsoft Corporation</organization>
      <address><email>henrikn@microsoft.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="L." surname="Masinter" fullname="Larry Masinter">
      <organization abbrev="Adobe">Adobe Systems Incorporated</organization>
      <address><email>LMM@acm.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="P." surname="Leach" fullname="Paul J. Leach">
      <organization abbrev="Microsoft">Microsoft Corporation</organization>
      <address><email>paulle@microsoft.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="T." surname="Berners-Lee" fullname="Tim Berners-Lee">
      <organization abbrev="W3C/MIT">World Wide Web Consortium</organization>
      <address><email>timbl@w3.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="Y." surname="Lafon" fullname="Yves Lafon" role="editor">
      <organization abbrev="W3C">World Wide Web Consortium</organization>
      <address><email>ylafon@w3.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="M." surname="Nottingham" fullname="Mark Nottingham" role="editor">
      <organization>Rackspace</organization>
      <address><email>mnot@mnot.net</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="J. F." surname="Reschke" fullname="Julian F. Reschke" role="editor">
      <organization abbrev="greenbytes">greenbytes GmbH</organization>
      <address><email>julian.reschke@greenbytes.de</email></address>
    </author>
    <date month="October" year="2011"/>
  </front>
  <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-httpbis-p6-cache-17"/>
  
</reference>

<reference anchor="RFC2119">
  <front>
    <title>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</title>
    <author initials="S." surname="Bradner" fullname="Scott Bradner">
      <organization>Harvard University</organization>
      <address><email>sob@harvard.edu</email></address>
    </author>
    <date month="March" year="1997"/>
  </front>
  <seriesInfo name="BCP" value="14"/>
  <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="2119"/>
</reference>

<reference anchor="RFC5234">
  <front>
    <title abbrev="ABNF for Syntax Specifications">Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF</title>
    <author initials="D." surname="Crocker" fullname="Dave Crocker" role="editor">
      <organization>Brandenburg InternetWorking</organization>
      <address>
        <email>dcrocker@bbiw.net</email>
      </address>  
    </author>
    <author initials="P." surname="Overell" fullname="Paul Overell">
      <organization>THUS plc.</organization>
      <address>
        <email>paul.overell@thus.net</email>
      </address>
    </author>
    <date month="January" year="2008"/>
  </front>
  <seriesInfo name="STD" value="68"/>
  <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="5234"/>
</reference>

</references>

<references title="Informative References">

<reference anchor="RFC2616">
  <front>
    <title>Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1</title>
    <author initials="R." surname="Fielding" fullname="R. Fielding">
      <organization>University of California, Irvine</organization>
      <address><email>fielding@ics.uci.edu</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="J." surname="Gettys" fullname="J. Gettys">
      <organization>W3C</organization>
      <address><email>jg@w3.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="J." surname="Mogul" fullname="J. Mogul">
      <organization>Compaq Computer Corporation</organization>
      <address><email>mogul@wrl.dec.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="H." surname="Frystyk" fullname="H. Frystyk">
      <organization>MIT Laboratory for Computer Science</organization>
      <address><email>frystyk@w3.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="L." surname="Masinter" fullname="L. Masinter">
      <organization>Xerox Corporation</organization>
      <address><email>masinter@parc.xerox.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="P." surname="Leach" fullname="P. Leach">
      <organization>Microsoft Corporation</organization>
      <address><email>paulle@microsoft.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="T." surname="Berners-Lee" fullname="T. Berners-Lee">
      <organization>W3C</organization>
      <address><email>timbl@w3.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <date month="June" year="1999"/>
  </front>
  <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="2616"/>
</reference>

<reference anchor="RFC2617">
  <front>
    <title abbrev="HTTP Authentication">HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication</title>
    <author initials="J." surname="Franks" fullname="John Franks">
      <organization>Northwestern University, Department of Mathematics</organization>
      <address><email>john@math.nwu.edu</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="P.M." surname="Hallam-Baker" fullname="Phillip M. Hallam-Baker">
      <organization>Verisign Inc.</organization>
      <address><email>pbaker@verisign.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="J.L." surname="Hostetler" fullname="Jeffery L. Hostetler">
      <organization>AbiSource, Inc.</organization>
      <address><email>jeff@AbiSource.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="S.D." surname="Lawrence" fullname="Scott D. Lawrence">
      <organization>Agranat Systems, Inc.</organization>
      <address><email>lawrence@agranat.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="P.J." surname="Leach" fullname="Paul J. Leach">
      <organization>Microsoft Corporation</organization>
      <address><email>paulle@microsoft.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="A." surname="Luotonen" fullname="Ari Luotonen">
      <organization>Netscape Communications Corporation</organization>
    </author>
    <author initials="L." surname="Stewart" fullname="Lawrence C. Stewart">
      <organization>Open Market, Inc.</organization>
      <address><email>stewart@OpenMarket.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <date month="June" year="1999"/>
  </front>
  <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="2617"/>
</reference>

<reference anchor="RFC3864">
  <front>
    <title>Registration Procedures for Message Header Fields</title>
    <author initials="G." surname="Klyne" fullname="G. Klyne">
      <organization>Nine by Nine</organization>
      <address><email>GK-IETF@ninebynine.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="M." surname="Nottingham" fullname="M. Nottingham">
      <organization>BEA Systems</organization>
      <address><email>mnot@pobox.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="J." surname="Mogul" fullname="J. Mogul">
      <organization>HP Labs</organization>
      <address><email>JeffMogul@acm.org</email></address>
    </author>
    <date year="2004" month="September"/>
  </front>
  <seriesInfo name="BCP" value="90"/>
  <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="3864"/>
</reference>

<reference anchor="RFC3986">
 <front>
  <title abbrev="URI Generic Syntax">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</title>
  <author initials="T." surname="Berners-Lee" fullname="Tim Berners-Lee">
    <organization abbrev="W3C/MIT">World Wide Web Consortium</organization>
    <address>
       <email>timbl@w3.org</email>
       <uri>http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/</uri>
    </address>
  </author>
  <author initials="R." surname="Fielding" fullname="Roy T. Fielding">
    <organization abbrev="Day Software">Day Software</organization>
    <address>
      <email>fielding@gbiv.com</email>
      <uri>http://roy.gbiv.com/</uri>
    </address>
  </author>
  <author initials="L." surname="Masinter" fullname="Larry Masinter">
    <organization abbrev="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems Incorporated</organization>
    <address>
      <email>LMM@acm.org</email>
      <uri>http://larry.masinter.net/</uri>
    </address>
  </author>
  <date month="January" year="2005"/>
 </front>
 <seriesInfo name="STD" value="66"/>
 <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="3986"/>
</reference>

<reference anchor="RFC4648">
  <front>
    <title>The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings</title>
    <author fullname="S. Josefsson" initials="S." surname="Josefsson"/>
    <date year="2006" month="October"/>
  </front>
  <seriesInfo value="4648" name="RFC"/>
</reference>

<reference anchor="RFC5226">
  <front>
    <title>Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs</title>
    <author initials="T." surname="Narten" fullname="T. Narten">
      <organization>IBM</organization>
      <address><email>narten@us.ibm.com</email></address>
    </author>
    <author initials="H." surname="Alvestrand" fullname="H. Alvestrand">
      <organization>Google</organization>
      <address><email>Harald@Alvestrand.no</email></address>
    </author>
    <date year="2008" month="May"/>
  </front>
  <seriesInfo name="BCP" value="26"/>
  <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="5226"/>
</reference>

</references>

<section title="Changes from RFCs 2616 and 2617" anchor="changes.from.rfc.2616">
<t>
  The "realm" parameter isn't required anymore in general; consequently, the
  ABNF allows challenges without any auth parameters.
  (<xref target="access.authentication.framework"/>)
</t>
<t>
  The "b64token" alternative to auth-param lists has been added for consistency
  with legacy authentication schemes such as "Basic".
  (<xref target="access.authentication.framework"/>)
</t>
<t>
  Change ABNF productions for header fields to only define the field value.
  (<xref target="header.field.definitions"/>)
</t>
</section>
 

<section title="Collected ABNF" anchor="collected.abnf">
<figure>
<artwork type="abnf" name="p7-auth.parsed-abnf"><![CDATA[
Authorization = credentials

BWS = <BWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>

OWS = <OWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>

Proxy-Authenticate = *( "," OWS ) challenge *( OWS "," [ OWS
 challenge ] )
Proxy-Authorization = credentials

WWW-Authenticate = *( "," OWS ) challenge *( OWS "," [ OWS challenge
 ] )

auth-param = token BWS "=" BWS ( token / quoted-string )
auth-scheme = token

b64token = 1*( ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~" / "+" / "/" )
 *"="

challenge = auth-scheme [ 1*SP ( b64token / [ ( "," / auth-param ) *(
 OWS "," [ OWS auth-param ] ) ] ) ]
credentials = auth-scheme [ 1*SP ( b64token / [ ( "," / auth-param )
 *( OWS "," [ OWS auth-param ] ) ] ) ]

quoted-string = <quoted-string, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.3>

realm = "realm" BWS "=" BWS realm-value
realm-value = quoted-string

token = <token, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.3>
]]></artwork>
</figure>
<figure><preamble>ABNF diagnostics:</preamble><artwork type="inline"><![CDATA[
; Authorization defined but not used
; Proxy-Authenticate defined but not used
; Proxy-Authorization defined but not used
; WWW-Authenticate defined but not used
; realm defined but not used
]]></artwork></figure></section>


<section title="Change Log (to be removed by RFC Editor before publication)" anchor="change.log">

<section title="Since RFC 2616">
<t>
  Extracted relevant partitions from <xref target="RFC2616"/>.
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-00">
<t>
  Closed issues:
  <list style="symbols"> 
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/35"/>:
      "Normative and Informative references"
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-01">
<t>
  Ongoing work on ABNF conversion (<eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/36"/>):
  <list style="symbols"> 
    <t>
      Explicitly import BNF rules for "challenge" and "credentials" from RFC2617.
    </t>
    <t>
      Add explicit references to BNF syntax and rules imported from other parts of the specification.
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-02" anchor="changes.since.02">
<t>
  Ongoing work on IANA Message Header Field Registration (<eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/40"/>):
  <list style="symbols"> 
    <t>
      Reference RFC 3984, and update header field registrations for header fields defined
      in this document.
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-03" anchor="changes.since.03">
<t>
  None.
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-04" anchor="changes.since.04">
<t>
  Ongoing work on ABNF conversion (<eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/36"/>):
  <list style="symbols"> 
    <t>
      Use "/" instead of "|" for alternatives.
    </t>
    <t>
      Introduce new ABNF rules for "bad" whitespace ("BWS"), optional
      whitespace ("OWS") and required whitespace ("RWS").
    </t>
    <t>
      Rewrite ABNFs to spell out whitespace rules, factor out
      header field value format definitions.
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-05" anchor="changes.since.05">
<t>
  Final work on ABNF conversion (<eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/36"/>):
  <list style="symbols"> 
    <t>
      Add appendix containing collected and expanded ABNF, reorganize ABNF introduction.
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-06" anchor="changes.since.06">
<t>
  None.
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-07" anchor="changes.since.07">
<t>
  Closed issues:
  <list style="symbols"> 
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/198"/>:
      "move IANA registrations for optional status codes"
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-08" anchor="changes.since.08">
<t>
  No significant changes.
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-09" anchor="changes.since.09">
<t>
  Partly resolved issues:
  <list style="symbols"> 
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/196"/>:
      "Term for the requested resource's URI"
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-10" anchor="changes.since.10">
<t>
  None.
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-11" anchor="changes.since.11">
<t>
  Closed issues:
  <list style="symbols"> 
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/130"/>:
      "introduction to part 7 is work-in-progress"
    </t>
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/195"/>:
      "auth-param syntax"
    </t>
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/224"/>:
      "Header Classification"
    </t>
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/237"/>:
      "absorbing the auth framework from 2617"
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
<t>
  Partly resolved issues:
  <list style="symbols"> 
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/141"/>:
      "should we have an auth scheme registry"
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-12" anchor="changes.since.12">
<t>
  None.
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-13" anchor="changes.since.13">
<t>
  Closed issues:
  <list style="symbols">
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/276"/>:
      "untangle ABNFs for header fields"
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-14" anchor="changes.since.14">
<t>
  None.
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-15" anchor="changes.since.15">
<t>
  Closed issues:
  <list style="symbols">
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/78"/>:
      "Relationship between 401, Authorization and WWW-Authenticate"
    </t>
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/177"/>:
      "Realm required on challenges"
    </t>
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/195"/>:
      "auth-param syntax"
    </t>
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/257"/>:
      "Considerations for new authentications schemes"
    </t>
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/287"/>:
      "LWS in auth-param ABNF"
    </t>
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/309"/>:
      "credentials ABNF missing SP (still using implied LWS?)"
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

<section title="Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-16" anchor="changes.since.16">
<t>
  Closed issues:
  <list style="symbols"> 
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/186"/>:
      "Document HTTP's error-handling philosophy"
    </t>
    <t>
      <eref target="http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/320"/>:
      "add advice on defining auth scheme parameters"
    </t>
  </list>
</t>
</section>

</section>

</back>
</rfc>