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2 | |
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4 | HTTPbis Working Group R. Fielding, Ed. |
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5 | Internet-Draft Day Software |
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6 | Obsoletes: 2616 (if approved) J. Gettys |
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7 | Updates: 2817 (if approved) Alcatel-Lucent |
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8 | Intended status: Standards Track J. Mogul |
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9 | Expires: January 13, 2011 HP |
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10 | H. Frystyk |
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11 | Microsoft |
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12 | L. Masinter |
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13 | Adobe Systems |
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14 | P. Leach |
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15 | Microsoft |
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16 | T. Berners-Lee |
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17 | W3C/MIT |
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18 | Y. Lafon, Ed. |
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19 | W3C |
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20 | J. Reschke, Ed. |
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21 | greenbytes |
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22 | July 12, 2010 |
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23 | |
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24 | |
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25 | HTTP/1.1, part 2: Message Semantics |
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26 | draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-10 |
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27 | |
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28 | Abstract |
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29 | |
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30 | The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level |
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31 | protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information |
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32 | systems. HTTP has been in use by the World Wide Web global |
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33 | information initiative since 1990. This document is Part 2 of the |
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34 | seven-part specification that defines the protocol referred to as |
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35 | "HTTP/1.1" and, taken together, obsoletes RFC 2616. Part 2 defines |
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36 | the semantics of HTTP messages as expressed by request methods, |
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37 | request-header fields, response status codes, and response-header |
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38 | fields. |
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39 | |
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40 | Editorial Note (To be removed by RFC Editor) |
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41 | |
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42 | Discussion of this draft should take place on the HTTPBIS working |
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43 | group mailing list (ietf-http-wg@w3.org). The current issues list is |
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44 | at <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/report/3> and related |
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45 | documents (including fancy diffs) can be found at |
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46 | <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/>. |
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47 | |
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48 | The changes in this draft are summarized in Appendix C.11. |
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49 | |
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50 | Status of This Memo |
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51 | |
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52 | |
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53 | |
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54 | |
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55 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 1] |
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56 | |
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57 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
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58 | |
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59 | |
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60 | This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the |
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61 | provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. |
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62 | |
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63 | Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering |
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64 | Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute |
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65 | working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- |
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66 | Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. |
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67 | |
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68 | Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months |
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69 | and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any |
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70 | time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference |
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71 | material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." |
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72 | |
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73 | This Internet-Draft will expire on January 13, 2011. |
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74 | |
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75 | Copyright Notice |
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76 | |
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77 | Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the |
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78 | document authors. All rights reserved. |
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79 | |
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80 | This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal |
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81 | Provisions Relating to IETF Documents |
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82 | (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of |
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83 | publication of this document. Please review these documents |
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84 | carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect |
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85 | to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must |
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86 | include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of |
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87 | the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as |
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88 | described in the Simplified BSD License. |
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89 | |
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90 | This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF |
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91 | Contributions published or made publicly available before November |
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92 | 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this |
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93 | material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow |
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94 | modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. |
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95 | Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling |
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96 | the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified |
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97 | outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may |
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98 | not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format |
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99 | it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other |
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100 | than English. |
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101 | |
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102 | Table of Contents |
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103 | |
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104 | 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 |
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105 | 1.1. Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 |
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106 | 1.2. Syntax Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 |
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107 | 1.2.1. Core Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 |
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108 | |
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109 | |
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110 | |
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111 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 2] |
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112 | |
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113 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
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114 | |
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115 | |
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116 | 1.2.2. ABNF Rules defined in other Parts of the |
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117 | Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 |
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118 | 2. Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 |
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119 | 2.1. Method Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 |
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120 | 3. Request Header Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 |
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121 | 4. Status Code and Reason Phrase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 |
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122 | 4.1. Status Code Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 |
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123 | 5. Response Header Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 |
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124 | 6. Entity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 |
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125 | 6.1. Identifying the Resource Associated with a |
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126 | Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 |
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127 | 7. Method Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 |
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128 | 7.1. Safe and Idempotent Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 |
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129 | 7.1.1. Safe Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 |
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130 | 7.1.2. Idempotent Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 |
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131 | 7.2. OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 |
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132 | 7.3. GET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 |
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133 | 7.4. HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 |
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134 | 7.5. POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 |
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135 | 7.6. PUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 |
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136 | 7.7. DELETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 |
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137 | 7.8. TRACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 |
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138 | 7.9. CONNECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 |
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139 | 8. Status Code Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 |
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140 | 8.1. Informational 1xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 |
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141 | 8.1.1. 100 Continue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 |
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142 | 8.1.2. 101 Switching Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 |
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143 | 8.2. Successful 2xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 |
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144 | 8.2.1. 200 OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 |
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145 | 8.2.2. 201 Created . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 |
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146 | 8.2.3. 202 Accepted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 |
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147 | 8.2.4. 203 Non-Authoritative Information . . . . . . . . . . 22 |
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148 | 8.2.5. 204 No Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 |
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149 | 8.2.6. 205 Reset Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 |
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150 | 8.2.7. 206 Partial Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 |
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151 | 8.3. Redirection 3xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 |
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152 | 8.3.1. 300 Multiple Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 |
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153 | 8.3.2. 301 Moved Permanently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 |
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154 | 8.3.3. 302 Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 |
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155 | 8.3.4. 303 See Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 |
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156 | 8.3.5. 304 Not Modified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 |
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157 | 8.3.6. 305 Use Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 |
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158 | 8.3.7. 306 (Unused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 |
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159 | 8.3.8. 307 Temporary Redirect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 |
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160 | 8.4. Client Error 4xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 |
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161 | 8.4.1. 400 Bad Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 |
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162 | 8.4.2. 401 Unauthorized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 |
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163 | 8.4.3. 402 Payment Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 |
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164 | |
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165 | |
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166 | |
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167 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 3] |
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168 | |
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169 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
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170 | |
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171 | |
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172 | 8.4.4. 403 Forbidden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 |
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173 | 8.4.5. 404 Not Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 |
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174 | 8.4.6. 405 Method Not Allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 |
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175 | 8.4.7. 406 Not Acceptable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 |
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176 | 8.4.8. 407 Proxy Authentication Required . . . . . . . . . . 28 |
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177 | 8.4.9. 408 Request Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 |
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178 | 8.4.10. 409 Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 |
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179 | 8.4.11. 410 Gone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 |
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180 | 8.4.12. 411 Length Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 |
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181 | 8.4.13. 412 Precondition Failed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 |
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182 | 8.4.14. 413 Request Entity Too Large . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 |
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183 | 8.4.15. 414 URI Too Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 |
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184 | 8.4.16. 415 Unsupported Media Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 |
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185 | 8.4.17. 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable . . . . . . . . . 30 |
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186 | 8.4.18. 417 Expectation Failed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 |
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187 | 8.5. Server Error 5xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 |
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188 | 8.5.1. 500 Internal Server Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 |
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189 | 8.5.2. 501 Not Implemented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 |
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190 | 8.5.3. 502 Bad Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 |
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191 | 8.5.4. 503 Service Unavailable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 |
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192 | 8.5.5. 504 Gateway Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 |
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193 | 8.5.6. 505 HTTP Version Not Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 |
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194 | 9. Header Field Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 |
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195 | 9.1. Allow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 |
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196 | 9.2. Expect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 |
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197 | 9.3. From . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 |
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198 | 9.4. Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 |
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199 | 9.5. Max-Forwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 |
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200 | 9.6. Referer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 |
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201 | 9.7. Retry-After . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 |
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202 | 9.8. Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 |
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203 | 9.9. User-Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 |
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204 | 10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 |
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205 | 10.1. Method Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 |
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206 | 10.2. Status Code Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 |
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207 | 10.3. Message Header Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 |
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208 | 11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 |
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209 | 11.1. Transfer of Sensitive Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 |
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210 | 11.2. Encoding Sensitive Information in URIs . . . . . . . . . . 41 |
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211 | 11.3. Location Headers and Spoofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 |
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212 | 12. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 |
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213 | 13. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 |
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214 | 13.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 |
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215 | 13.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 |
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216 | Appendix A. Compatibility with Previous Versions . . . . . . . . 43 |
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217 | A.1. Changes from RFC 2068 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 |
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218 | A.2. Changes from RFC 2616 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 |
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219 | Appendix B. Collected ABNF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 |
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220 | |
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221 | |
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222 | |
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223 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 4] |
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224 | |
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225 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
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226 | |
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227 | |
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228 | Appendix C. Change Log (to be removed by RFC Editor before |
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229 | publication) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 |
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230 | C.1. Since RFC2616 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 |
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231 | C.2. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-00 . . . . . . . . . 48 |
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232 | C.3. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-01 . . . . . . . . . 49 |
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233 | C.4. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-02 . . . . . . . . . 49 |
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234 | C.5. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-03 . . . . . . . . . 50 |
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235 | C.6. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-04 . . . . . . . . . 50 |
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236 | C.7. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-05 . . . . . . . . . 51 |
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237 | C.8. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-06 . . . . . . . . . 51 |
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238 | C.9. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-07 . . . . . . . . . 51 |
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239 | C.10. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-08 . . . . . . . . . 52 |
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240 | C.11. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-09 . . . . . . . . . 52 |
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241 | Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 |
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279 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 5] |
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280 | |
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281 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
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282 | |
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283 | |
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284 | 1. Introduction |
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285 | |
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286 | This document defines HTTP/1.1 request and response semantics. Each |
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287 | HTTP message, as defined in [Part1], is in the form of either a |
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288 | request or a response. An HTTP server listens on a connection for |
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289 | HTTP requests and responds to each request, in the order received on |
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290 | that connection, with one or more HTTP response messages. This |
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291 | document defines the commonly agreed upon semantics of the HTTP |
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292 | uniform interface, the intentions defined by each request method, and |
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293 | the various response messages that might be expected as a result of |
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294 | applying that method for the requested resource. |
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295 | |
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296 | This document is currently disorganized in order to minimize the |
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297 | changes between drafts and enable reviewers to see the smaller errata |
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298 | changes. The next draft will reorganize the sections to better |
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299 | reflect the content. In particular, the sections will be ordered |
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300 | according to the typical processing of an HTTP request message (after |
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301 | message parsing): resource mapping, general header fields, methods, |
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302 | request modifiers, response status, and resource metadata. The |
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303 | current mess reflects how widely dispersed these topics and |
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304 | associated requirements had become in [RFC2616]. |
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305 | |
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306 | 1.1. Requirements |
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307 | |
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308 | The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", |
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309 | "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this |
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310 | document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. |
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311 | |
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312 | An implementation is not compliant if it fails to satisfy one or more |
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313 | of the "MUST" or "REQUIRED" level requirements for the protocols it |
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314 | implements. An implementation that satisfies all the "MUST" or |
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315 | "REQUIRED" level and all the "SHOULD" level requirements for its |
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316 | protocols is said to be "unconditionally compliant"; one that |
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317 | satisfies all the "MUST" level requirements but not all the "SHOULD" |
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318 | level requirements for its protocols is said to be "conditionally |
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319 | compliant". |
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320 | |
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321 | 1.2. Syntax Notation |
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322 | |
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323 | This specification uses the ABNF syntax defined in Section 1.2 of |
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324 | [Part1] (which extends the syntax defined in [RFC5234] with a list |
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325 | rule). Appendix B shows the collected ABNF, with the list rule |
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326 | expanded. |
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327 | |
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328 | The following core rules are included by reference, as defined in |
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329 | [RFC5234], Appendix B.1: ALPHA (letters), CR (carriage return), CRLF |
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330 | (CR LF), CTL (controls), DIGIT (decimal 0-9), DQUOTE (double quote), |
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331 | HEXDIG (hexadecimal 0-9/A-F/a-f), LF (line feed), OCTET (any 8-bit |
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332 | |
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333 | |
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334 | |
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335 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 6] |
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336 | |
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337 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
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338 | |
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339 | |
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340 | sequence of data), SP (space), VCHAR (any visible USASCII character), |
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341 | and WSP (whitespace). |
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342 | |
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343 | 1.2.1. Core Rules |
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344 | |
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345 | The core rules below are defined in Section 1.2.2 of [Part1]: |
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346 | |
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347 | quoted-string = <quoted-string, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> |
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348 | token = <token, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> |
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349 | OWS = <OWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> |
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350 | RWS = <RWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> |
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351 | obs-text = <obs-text, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> |
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352 | |
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353 | 1.2.2. ABNF Rules defined in other Parts of the Specification |
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354 | |
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355 | The ABNF rules below are defined in other parts: |
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356 | |
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357 | absolute-URI = <absolute-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6> |
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358 | comment = <comment, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2> |
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359 | Host = <Host, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6> |
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360 | HTTP-date = <HTTP-date, defined in [Part1], Section 6.1> |
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361 | partial-URI = <partial-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6> |
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362 | product = <product, defined in [Part1], Section 6.3> |
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363 | TE = <TE, defined in [Part1], Section 9.5> |
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364 | URI-reference = <URI-reference, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6> |
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365 | |
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366 | |
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367 | Accept = <Accept, defined in [Part3], Section 5.1> |
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368 | Accept-Charset = |
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369 | <Accept-Charset, defined in [Part3], Section 5.2> |
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370 | Accept-Encoding = |
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371 | <Accept-Encoding, defined in [Part3], Section 5.3> |
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372 | Accept-Language = |
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373 | <Accept-Language, defined in [Part3], Section 5.4> |
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374 | |
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375 | |
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376 | ETag = <ETag, defined in [Part4], Section 6.1> |
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377 | If-Match = <If-Match, defined in [Part4], Section 6.2> |
---|
378 | If-Modified-Since = |
---|
379 | <If-Modified-Since, defined in [Part4], Section 6.3> |
---|
380 | If-None-Match = <If-None-Match, defined in [Part4], Section 6.4> |
---|
381 | If-Unmodified-Since = |
---|
382 | <If-Unmodified-Since, defined in [Part4], Section 6.5> |
---|
383 | |
---|
384 | |
---|
385 | Accept-Ranges = <Accept-Ranges, defined in [Part5], Section 5.1> |
---|
386 | If-Range = <If-Range, defined in [Part5], Section 5.3> |
---|
387 | Range = <Range, defined in [Part5], Section 5.4> |
---|
388 | |
---|
389 | |
---|
390 | |
---|
391 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 7] |
---|
392 | |
---|
393 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
394 | |
---|
395 | |
---|
396 | Age = <Age, defined in [Part6], Section 3.1> |
---|
397 | Vary = <Vary, defined in [Part6], Section 3.5> |
---|
398 | |
---|
399 | |
---|
400 | Authorization = <Authorization, defined in [Part7], Section 3.1> |
---|
401 | Proxy-Authenticate = |
---|
402 | <Proxy-Authenticate, defined in [Part7], Section 3.2> |
---|
403 | Proxy-Authorization = |
---|
404 | <Proxy-Authorization, defined in [Part7], Section 3.3> |
---|
405 | WWW-Authenticate = |
---|
406 | <WWW-Authenticate, defined in [Part7], Section 3.4> |
---|
407 | |
---|
408 | 2. Method |
---|
409 | |
---|
410 | The Method token indicates the method to be performed on the resource |
---|
411 | identified by the Effective Request URI (Section 4.3 of [Part1]). |
---|
412 | The method is case-sensitive. |
---|
413 | |
---|
414 | Method = %x4F.50.54.49.4F.4E.53 ; "OPTIONS", Section 7.2 |
---|
415 | / %x47.45.54 ; "GET", Section 7.3 |
---|
416 | / %x48.45.41.44 ; "HEAD", Section 7.4 |
---|
417 | / %x50.4F.53.54 ; "POST", Section 7.5 |
---|
418 | / %x50.55.54 ; "PUT", Section 7.6 |
---|
419 | / %x44.45.4C.45.54.45 ; "DELETE", Section 7.7 |
---|
420 | / %x54.52.41.43.45 ; "TRACE", Section 7.8 |
---|
421 | / %x43.4F.4E.4E.45.43.54 ; "CONNECT", Section 7.9 |
---|
422 | / extension-method |
---|
423 | extension-method = token |
---|
424 | |
---|
425 | The list of methods allowed by a resource can be specified in an |
---|
426 | Allow header field (Section 9.1). The return code of the response |
---|
427 | always notifies the client whether a method is currently allowed on a |
---|
428 | resource, since the set of allowed methods can change dynamically. |
---|
429 | An origin server SHOULD return the status code 405 (Method Not |
---|
430 | Allowed) if the method is known by the origin server but not allowed |
---|
431 | for the requested resource, and 501 (Not Implemented) if the method |
---|
432 | is unrecognized or not implemented by the origin server. The methods |
---|
433 | GET and HEAD MUST be supported by all general-purpose servers. All |
---|
434 | other methods are OPTIONAL; however, if the above methods are |
---|
435 | implemented, they MUST be implemented with the same semantics as |
---|
436 | those specified in Section 7. |
---|
437 | |
---|
438 | 2.1. Method Registry |
---|
439 | |
---|
440 | The HTTP Method Registry defines the name space for the Method token |
---|
441 | in the Request line of an HTTP request. |
---|
442 | |
---|
443 | Registrations MUST include the following fields: |
---|
444 | |
---|
445 | |
---|
446 | |
---|
447 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 8] |
---|
448 | |
---|
449 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
450 | |
---|
451 | |
---|
452 | o Method Name (see Section 2) |
---|
453 | |
---|
454 | o Safe ("yes" or "no", see Section 7.1.1) |
---|
455 | |
---|
456 | o Pointer to specification text |
---|
457 | |
---|
458 | Values to be added to this name space are subject to IETF review |
---|
459 | ([RFC5226], Section 4.1). |
---|
460 | |
---|
461 | The registry itself is maintained at |
---|
462 | <http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-methods>. |
---|
463 | |
---|
464 | 3. Request Header Fields |
---|
465 | |
---|
466 | The request-header fields allow the client to pass additional |
---|
467 | information about the request, and about the client itself, to the |
---|
468 | server. These fields act as request modifiers, with semantics |
---|
469 | equivalent to the parameters on a programming language method |
---|
470 | invocation. |
---|
471 | |
---|
472 | request-header = Accept ; [Part3], Section 5.1 |
---|
473 | / Accept-Charset ; [Part3], Section 5.2 |
---|
474 | / Accept-Encoding ; [Part3], Section 5.3 |
---|
475 | / Accept-Language ; [Part3], Section 5.4 |
---|
476 | / Authorization ; [Part7], Section 3.1 |
---|
477 | / Expect ; Section 9.2 |
---|
478 | / From ; Section 9.3 |
---|
479 | / Host ; [Part1], Section 9.4 |
---|
480 | / If-Match ; [Part4], Section 6.2 |
---|
481 | / If-Modified-Since ; [Part4], Section 6.3 |
---|
482 | / If-None-Match ; [Part4], Section 6.4 |
---|
483 | / If-Range ; [Part5], Section 5.3 |
---|
484 | / If-Unmodified-Since ; [Part4], Section 6.5 |
---|
485 | / Max-Forwards ; Section 9.5 |
---|
486 | / Proxy-Authorization ; [Part7], Section 3.3 |
---|
487 | / Range ; [Part5], Section 5.4 |
---|
488 | / Referer ; Section 9.6 |
---|
489 | / TE ; [Part1], Section 9.5 |
---|
490 | / User-Agent ; Section 9.9 |
---|
491 | |
---|
492 | Request-header field names can be extended reliably only in |
---|
493 | combination with a change in the protocol version. However, new or |
---|
494 | experimental header fields MAY be given the semantics of request- |
---|
495 | header fields if all parties in the communication recognize them to |
---|
496 | be request-header fields. Unrecognized header fields are treated as |
---|
497 | entity-header fields. |
---|
498 | |
---|
499 | |
---|
500 | |
---|
501 | |
---|
502 | |
---|
503 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 9] |
---|
504 | |
---|
505 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
506 | |
---|
507 | |
---|
508 | 4. Status Code and Reason Phrase |
---|
509 | |
---|
510 | The Status-Code element is a 3-digit integer result code of the |
---|
511 | attempt to understand and satisfy the request. The status codes |
---|
512 | listed below are defined in Section 8, Section 3 of [Part4], Section |
---|
513 | 3 of [Part5], and Section 2 of [Part7]. |
---|
514 | |
---|
515 | The Reason-Phrase is intended to give a short textual description of |
---|
516 | the Status-Code. The Status-Code is intended for use by automata and |
---|
517 | the Reason-Phrase is intended for the human user. The client is not |
---|
518 | required to examine or display the Reason-Phrase. |
---|
519 | |
---|
520 | The individual values of the numeric status codes defined for |
---|
521 | HTTP/1.1, and an example set of corresponding Reason-Phrase values, |
---|
522 | are presented below. The reason phrases listed here are only |
---|
523 | recommendations -- they MAY be replaced by local equivalents without |
---|
524 | affecting the protocol. |
---|
525 | |
---|
526 | |
---|
527 | |
---|
528 | |
---|
529 | |
---|
530 | |
---|
531 | |
---|
532 | |
---|
533 | |
---|
534 | |
---|
535 | |
---|
536 | |
---|
537 | |
---|
538 | |
---|
539 | |
---|
540 | |
---|
541 | |
---|
542 | |
---|
543 | |
---|
544 | |
---|
545 | |
---|
546 | |
---|
547 | |
---|
548 | |
---|
549 | |
---|
550 | |
---|
551 | |
---|
552 | |
---|
553 | |
---|
554 | |
---|
555 | |
---|
556 | |
---|
557 | |
---|
558 | |
---|
559 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 10] |
---|
560 | |
---|
561 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
562 | |
---|
563 | |
---|
564 | Status-Code = |
---|
565 | "100" ; Section 8.1.1: Continue |
---|
566 | / "101" ; Section 8.1.2: Switching Protocols |
---|
567 | / "200" ; Section 8.2.1: OK |
---|
568 | / "201" ; Section 8.2.2: Created |
---|
569 | / "202" ; Section 8.2.3: Accepted |
---|
570 | / "203" ; Section 8.2.4: Non-Authoritative Information |
---|
571 | / "204" ; Section 8.2.5: No Content |
---|
572 | / "205" ; Section 8.2.6: Reset Content |
---|
573 | / "206" ; [Part5], Section 3.1: Partial Content |
---|
574 | / "300" ; Section 8.3.1: Multiple Choices |
---|
575 | / "301" ; Section 8.3.2: Moved Permanently |
---|
576 | / "302" ; Section 8.3.3: Found |
---|
577 | / "303" ; Section 8.3.4: See Other |
---|
578 | / "304" ; [Part4], Section 3.1: Not Modified |
---|
579 | / "305" ; Section 8.3.6: Use Proxy |
---|
580 | / "307" ; Section 8.3.8: Temporary Redirect |
---|
581 | / "400" ; Section 8.4.1: Bad Request |
---|
582 | / "401" ; [Part7], Section 2.1: Unauthorized |
---|
583 | / "402" ; Section 8.4.3: Payment Required |
---|
584 | / "403" ; Section 8.4.4: Forbidden |
---|
585 | / "404" ; Section 8.4.5: Not Found |
---|
586 | / "405" ; Section 8.4.6: Method Not Allowed |
---|
587 | / "406" ; Section 8.4.7: Not Acceptable |
---|
588 | / "407" ; [Part7], Section 2.2: Proxy Authentication Required |
---|
589 | / "408" ; Section 8.4.9: Request Time-out |
---|
590 | / "409" ; Section 8.4.10: Conflict |
---|
591 | / "410" ; Section 8.4.11: Gone |
---|
592 | / "411" ; Section 8.4.12: Length Required |
---|
593 | / "412" ; [Part4], Section 3.2: Precondition Failed |
---|
594 | / "413" ; Section 8.4.14: Request Entity Too Large |
---|
595 | / "414" ; Section 8.4.15: URI Too Long |
---|
596 | / "415" ; Section 8.4.16: Unsupported Media Type |
---|
597 | / "416" ; [Part5], Section 3.2: Requested range not satisfiable |
---|
598 | / "417" ; Section 8.4.18: Expectation Failed |
---|
599 | / "500" ; Section 8.5.1: Internal Server Error |
---|
600 | / "501" ; Section 8.5.2: Not Implemented |
---|
601 | / "502" ; Section 8.5.3: Bad Gateway |
---|
602 | / "503" ; Section 8.5.4: Service Unavailable |
---|
603 | / "504" ; Section 8.5.5: Gateway Time-out |
---|
604 | / "505" ; Section 8.5.6: HTTP Version not supported |
---|
605 | / extension-code |
---|
606 | |
---|
607 | extension-code = 3DIGIT |
---|
608 | Reason-Phrase = *( WSP / VCHAR / obs-text ) |
---|
609 | |
---|
610 | HTTP status codes are extensible. HTTP applications are not required |
---|
611 | to understand the meaning of all registered status codes, though such |
---|
612 | |
---|
613 | |
---|
614 | |
---|
615 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 11] |
---|
616 | |
---|
617 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
618 | |
---|
619 | |
---|
620 | understanding is obviously desirable. However, applications MUST |
---|
621 | understand the class of any status code, as indicated by the first |
---|
622 | digit, and treat any unrecognized response as being equivalent to the |
---|
623 | x00 status code of that class, with the exception that an |
---|
624 | unrecognized response MUST NOT be cached. For example, if an |
---|
625 | unrecognized status code of 431 is received by the client, it can |
---|
626 | safely assume that there was something wrong with its request and |
---|
627 | treat the response as if it had received a 400 status code. In such |
---|
628 | cases, user agents SHOULD present to the user the entity returned |
---|
629 | with the response, since that entity is likely to include human- |
---|
630 | readable information which will explain the unusual status. |
---|
631 | |
---|
632 | 4.1. Status Code Registry |
---|
633 | |
---|
634 | The HTTP Status Code Registry defines the name space for the Status- |
---|
635 | Code token in the Status line of an HTTP response. |
---|
636 | |
---|
637 | Values to be added to this name space are subject to IETF review |
---|
638 | ([RFC5226], Section 4.1). |
---|
639 | |
---|
640 | The registry itself is maintained at |
---|
641 | <http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes>. |
---|
642 | |
---|
643 | 5. Response Header Fields |
---|
644 | |
---|
645 | The response-header fields allow the server to pass additional |
---|
646 | information about the response which cannot be placed in the Status- |
---|
647 | Line. These header fields give information about the server and |
---|
648 | about further access to the resource identified by the Effective |
---|
649 | Request URI (Section 4.3 of [Part1]). |
---|
650 | |
---|
651 | response-header = Accept-Ranges ; [Part5], Section 5.1 |
---|
652 | / Age ; [Part6], Section 3.1 |
---|
653 | / Allow ; Section 9.1 |
---|
654 | / ETag ; [Part4], Section 6.1 |
---|
655 | / Location ; Section 9.4 |
---|
656 | / Proxy-Authenticate ; [Part7], Section 3.2 |
---|
657 | / Retry-After ; Section 9.7 |
---|
658 | / Server ; Section 9.8 |
---|
659 | / Vary ; [Part6], Section 3.5 |
---|
660 | / WWW-Authenticate ; [Part7], Section 3.4 |
---|
661 | |
---|
662 | Response-header field names can be extended reliably only in |
---|
663 | combination with a change in the protocol version. However, new or |
---|
664 | experimental header fields MAY be given the semantics of response- |
---|
665 | header fields if all parties in the communication recognize them to |
---|
666 | be response-header fields. Unrecognized header fields are treated as |
---|
667 | entity-header fields. |
---|
668 | |
---|
669 | |
---|
670 | |
---|
671 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 12] |
---|
672 | |
---|
673 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
674 | |
---|
675 | |
---|
676 | 6. Entity |
---|
677 | |
---|
678 | Request and Response messages MAY transfer an entity if not otherwise |
---|
679 | restricted by the request method or response status code. An entity |
---|
680 | consists of entity-header fields and an entity-body, although some |
---|
681 | responses will only include the entity-headers. HTTP entity-body and |
---|
682 | entity-header fields are defined in [Part3]. |
---|
683 | |
---|
684 | An entity-body is only present in a message when a message-body is |
---|
685 | present, as described in Section 3.3 of [Part1]. The entity-body is |
---|
686 | obtained from the message-body by decoding any Transfer-Encoding that |
---|
687 | might have been applied to ensure safe and proper transfer of the |
---|
688 | message. |
---|
689 | |
---|
690 | 6.1. Identifying the Resource Associated with a Representation |
---|
691 | |
---|
692 | It is sometimes necessary to determine the identity of the resource |
---|
693 | associated with a representation. |
---|
694 | |
---|
695 | An HTTP request representation, when present, is always associated |
---|
696 | with an anonymous (i.e., unidentified) resource. |
---|
697 | |
---|
698 | In the common case, an HTTP response is a representation of the |
---|
699 | resource located at the Effective Request URI (see Section 4.3 of |
---|
700 | [Part1]). However, this is not always the case. To determine the |
---|
701 | URI of the resource a response is associated with, the following |
---|
702 | rules are used (with the first applicable one being selected): |
---|
703 | |
---|
704 | 1. If the response status code is 200 or 203 and the request method |
---|
705 | was GET, the response is a representation of the resource at the |
---|
706 | Effective Request URI. |
---|
707 | |
---|
708 | 2. If the response status is 204, 206, or 304 and the request method |
---|
709 | was GET or HEAD, the response is a partial representation of the |
---|
710 | resource at the Effective Request URI (see Section 2.8 of |
---|
711 | [Part6]). |
---|
712 | |
---|
713 | 3. If the response has a Content-Location header, and that URI is |
---|
714 | the same as the Effective Request URI, the response is a |
---|
715 | representation of the resource at the Effective Request URI. |
---|
716 | |
---|
717 | 4. If the response has a Content-Location header, and that URI is |
---|
718 | not the same as the Effective Request URI, the response asserts |
---|
719 | that it is a representation of the resource at the Content- |
---|
720 | Location URI (but it may not be). |
---|
721 | |
---|
722 | 5. Otherwise, the response is a representation of an anonymous |
---|
723 | (i.e., unidentified) resource. |
---|
724 | |
---|
725 | |
---|
726 | |
---|
727 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 13] |
---|
728 | |
---|
729 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
730 | |
---|
731 | |
---|
732 | [[TODO-req-uri: The comparison function is going to have to be |
---|
733 | defined somewhere, because we already need to compare URIs for things |
---|
734 | like cache invalidation.]] |
---|
735 | |
---|
736 | 7. Method Definitions |
---|
737 | |
---|
738 | The set of common methods for HTTP/1.1 is defined below. Although |
---|
739 | this set can be expanded, additional methods cannot be assumed to |
---|
740 | share the same semantics for separately extended clients and servers. |
---|
741 | |
---|
742 | 7.1. Safe and Idempotent Methods |
---|
743 | |
---|
744 | 7.1.1. Safe Methods |
---|
745 | |
---|
746 | Implementors should be aware that the software represents the user in |
---|
747 | their interactions over the Internet, and should be careful to allow |
---|
748 | the user to be aware of any actions they might take which may have an |
---|
749 | unexpected significance to themselves or others. |
---|
750 | |
---|
751 | In particular, the convention has been established that the GET, |
---|
752 | HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE methods SHOULD NOT have the significance of |
---|
753 | taking an action other than retrieval. These methods ought to be |
---|
754 | considered "safe". This allows user agents to represent other |
---|
755 | methods, such as POST, PUT and DELETE, in a special way, so that the |
---|
756 | user is made aware of the fact that a possibly unsafe action is being |
---|
757 | requested. |
---|
758 | |
---|
759 | Naturally, it is not possible to ensure that the server does not |
---|
760 | generate side-effects as a result of performing a GET request; in |
---|
761 | fact, some dynamic resources consider that a feature. The important |
---|
762 | distinction here is that the user did not request the side-effects, |
---|
763 | so therefore cannot be held accountable for them. |
---|
764 | |
---|
765 | 7.1.2. Idempotent Methods |
---|
766 | |
---|
767 | Methods can also have the property of "idempotence" in that, aside |
---|
768 | from error or expiration issues, the intended effect of multiple |
---|
769 | identical requests is the same as for a single request. The methods |
---|
770 | PUT, DELETE, and all safe methods are idempotent. It is important to |
---|
771 | note that idempotence refers only to changes requested by the client: |
---|
772 | a server is free to change its state due to multiple requests for the |
---|
773 | purpose of tracking those requests, versioning of results, etc. |
---|
774 | |
---|
775 | 7.2. OPTIONS |
---|
776 | |
---|
777 | The OPTIONS method represents a request for information about the |
---|
778 | communication options available on the request/response chain |
---|
779 | identified by the Effective Request URI. This method allows the |
---|
780 | |
---|
781 | |
---|
782 | |
---|
783 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 14] |
---|
784 | |
---|
785 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
786 | |
---|
787 | |
---|
788 | client to determine the options and/or requirements associated with a |
---|
789 | resource, or the capabilities of a server, without implying a |
---|
790 | resource action or initiating a resource retrieval. |
---|
791 | |
---|
792 | Responses to this method are not cacheable. |
---|
793 | |
---|
794 | If the OPTIONS request includes an entity-body (as indicated by the |
---|
795 | presence of Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding), then the media type |
---|
796 | MUST be indicated by a Content-Type field. Although this |
---|
797 | specification does not define any use for such a body, future |
---|
798 | extensions to HTTP might use the OPTIONS body to make more detailed |
---|
799 | queries on the server. |
---|
800 | |
---|
801 | If the request-target is an asterisk ("*"), the OPTIONS request is |
---|
802 | intended to apply to the server in general rather than to a specific |
---|
803 | resource. Since a server's communication options typically depend on |
---|
804 | the resource, the "*" request is only useful as a "ping" or "no-op" |
---|
805 | type of method; it does nothing beyond allowing the client to test |
---|
806 | the capabilities of the server. For example, this can be used to |
---|
807 | test a proxy for HTTP/1.1 compliance (or lack thereof). |
---|
808 | |
---|
809 | If the request-target is not an asterisk, the OPTIONS request applies |
---|
810 | only to the options that are available when communicating with that |
---|
811 | resource. |
---|
812 | |
---|
813 | A 200 response SHOULD include any header fields that indicate |
---|
814 | optional features implemented by the server and applicable to that |
---|
815 | resource (e.g., Allow), possibly including extensions not defined by |
---|
816 | this specification. The response body, if any, SHOULD also include |
---|
817 | information about the communication options. The format for such a |
---|
818 | body is not defined by this specification, but might be defined by |
---|
819 | future extensions to HTTP. Content negotiation MAY be used to select |
---|
820 | the appropriate response format. If no response body is included, |
---|
821 | the response MUST include a Content-Length field with a field-value |
---|
822 | of "0". |
---|
823 | |
---|
824 | The Max-Forwards request-header field MAY be used to target a |
---|
825 | specific proxy in the request chain. When a proxy receives an |
---|
826 | OPTIONS request on an absolute-URI for which request forwarding is |
---|
827 | permitted, the proxy MUST check for a Max-Forwards field. If the |
---|
828 | Max-Forwards field-value is zero ("0"), the proxy MUST NOT forward |
---|
829 | the message; instead, the proxy SHOULD respond with its own |
---|
830 | communication options. If the Max-Forwards field-value is an integer |
---|
831 | greater than zero, the proxy MUST decrement the field-value when it |
---|
832 | forwards the request. If no Max-Forwards field is present in the |
---|
833 | request, then the forwarded request MUST NOT include a Max-Forwards |
---|
834 | field. |
---|
835 | |
---|
836 | |
---|
837 | |
---|
838 | |
---|
839 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 15] |
---|
840 | |
---|
841 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
842 | |
---|
843 | |
---|
844 | 7.3. GET |
---|
845 | |
---|
846 | The GET method means retrieve whatever information (in the form of an |
---|
847 | entity) currently corresponds to the resource identified by the |
---|
848 | Effective Request URI. |
---|
849 | |
---|
850 | If the Effective Request URI identifies a data-producing process, it |
---|
851 | is the produced data which shall be returned as the entity in the |
---|
852 | response and not the source text of the process, unless that text |
---|
853 | happens to be the output of the process. |
---|
854 | |
---|
855 | The semantics of the GET method change to a "conditional GET" if the |
---|
856 | request message includes an If-Modified-Since, If-Unmodified-Since, |
---|
857 | If-Match, If-None-Match, or If-Range header field. A conditional GET |
---|
858 | method requests that the entity be transferred only under the |
---|
859 | circumstances described by the conditional header field(s). The |
---|
860 | conditional GET method is intended to reduce unnecessary network |
---|
861 | usage by allowing cached entities to be refreshed without requiring |
---|
862 | multiple requests or transferring data already held by the client. |
---|
863 | |
---|
864 | The semantics of the GET method change to a "partial GET" if the |
---|
865 | request message includes a Range header field. A partial GET |
---|
866 | requests that only part of the entity be transferred, as described in |
---|
867 | Section 5.4 of [Part5]. The partial GET method is intended to reduce |
---|
868 | unnecessary network usage by allowing partially-retrieved entities to |
---|
869 | be completed without transferring data already held by the client. |
---|
870 | |
---|
871 | The response to a GET request is cacheable if and only if it meets |
---|
872 | the requirements for HTTP caching described in [Part6]. |
---|
873 | |
---|
874 | See Section 11.2 for security considerations when used for forms. |
---|
875 | |
---|
876 | 7.4. HEAD |
---|
877 | |
---|
878 | The HEAD method is identical to GET except that the server MUST NOT |
---|
879 | return a message-body in the response. The metainformation contained |
---|
880 | in the HTTP headers in response to a HEAD request SHOULD be identical |
---|
881 | to the information sent in response to a GET request. This method |
---|
882 | can be used for obtaining metainformation about the entity implied by |
---|
883 | the request without transferring the entity-body itself. This method |
---|
884 | is often used for testing hypertext links for validity, |
---|
885 | accessibility, and recent modification. |
---|
886 | |
---|
887 | The response to a HEAD request MAY be cacheable in the sense that the |
---|
888 | information contained in the response MAY be used to update a |
---|
889 | previously cached entity from that resource. If the new field values |
---|
890 | indicate that the cached entity differs from the current entity (as |
---|
891 | would be indicated by a change in Content-Length, Content-MD5, ETag |
---|
892 | |
---|
893 | |
---|
894 | |
---|
895 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 16] |
---|
896 | |
---|
897 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
898 | |
---|
899 | |
---|
900 | or Last-Modified), then the cache MUST treat the cache entry as |
---|
901 | stale. |
---|
902 | |
---|
903 | 7.5. POST |
---|
904 | |
---|
905 | The POST method is used to request that the origin server accept the |
---|
906 | entity enclosed in the request as data to be processed by the |
---|
907 | resource identified by the Effective Request URI. POST is designed |
---|
908 | to allow a uniform method to cover the following functions: |
---|
909 | |
---|
910 | o Annotation of existing resources; |
---|
911 | |
---|
912 | o Posting a message to a bulletin board, newsgroup, mailing list, or |
---|
913 | similar group of articles; |
---|
914 | |
---|
915 | o Providing a block of data, such as the result of submitting a |
---|
916 | form, to a data-handling process; |
---|
917 | |
---|
918 | o Extending a database through an append operation. |
---|
919 | |
---|
920 | The actual function performed by the POST method is determined by the |
---|
921 | server and is usually dependent on the Effective Request URI. |
---|
922 | |
---|
923 | The action performed by the POST method might not result in a |
---|
924 | resource that can be identified by a URI. In this case, either 200 |
---|
925 | (OK) or 204 (No Content) is the appropriate response status, |
---|
926 | depending on whether or not the response includes an entity that |
---|
927 | describes the result. |
---|
928 | |
---|
929 | If a resource has been created on the origin server, the response |
---|
930 | SHOULD be 201 (Created) and contain an entity which describes the |
---|
931 | status of the request and refers to the new resource, and a Location |
---|
932 | header (see Section 9.4). |
---|
933 | |
---|
934 | Responses to this method are not cacheable, unless the response |
---|
935 | includes appropriate Cache-Control or Expires header fields. |
---|
936 | However, the 303 (See Other) response can be used to direct the user |
---|
937 | agent to retrieve a cacheable resource. |
---|
938 | |
---|
939 | 7.6. PUT |
---|
940 | |
---|
941 | The PUT method requests that the enclosed entity be stored at the |
---|
942 | Effective Request URI. If the Effective Request URI refers to an |
---|
943 | already existing resource, the enclosed entity SHOULD be considered |
---|
944 | as a modified version of the one residing on the origin server. |
---|
945 | Otherwise, if the Effective Request URI does not point to an existing |
---|
946 | resource, and that URI is capable of being defined as a new resource |
---|
947 | by the requesting user agent, the origin server can create the |
---|
948 | |
---|
949 | |
---|
950 | |
---|
951 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 17] |
---|
952 | |
---|
953 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
954 | |
---|
955 | |
---|
956 | resource with that URI. |
---|
957 | |
---|
958 | If a new resource is created at the Effective Request URI, the origin |
---|
959 | server MUST inform the user agent via the 201 (Created) response. If |
---|
960 | an existing resource is modified, either the 200 (OK) or 204 (No |
---|
961 | Content) response codes SHOULD be sent to indicate successful |
---|
962 | completion of the request. |
---|
963 | |
---|
964 | If the resource could not be created or modified with the Effective |
---|
965 | Request URI, an appropriate error response SHOULD be given that |
---|
966 | reflects the nature of the problem. The recipient of the entity MUST |
---|
967 | NOT ignore any Content-* headers (headers starting with the prefix |
---|
968 | "Content-") that it does not understand or implement and MUST return |
---|
969 | a 501 (Not Implemented) response in such cases. |
---|
970 | |
---|
971 | If the request passes through a cache and the Effective Request URI |
---|
972 | identifies one or more currently cached entities, those entries |
---|
973 | SHOULD be treated as stale. Responses to this method are not |
---|
974 | cacheable. |
---|
975 | |
---|
976 | The fundamental difference between the POST and PUT requests is |
---|
977 | reflected in the different meaning of the Effective Request URI. The |
---|
978 | URI in a POST request identifies the resource that will handle the |
---|
979 | enclosed entity. That resource might be a data-accepting process, a |
---|
980 | gateway to some other protocol, or a separate entity that accepts |
---|
981 | annotations. In contrast, the URI in a PUT request identifies the |
---|
982 | entity enclosed with the request -- the user agent knows what URI is |
---|
983 | intended and the server MUST NOT attempt to apply the request to some |
---|
984 | other resource. If the server desires that the request be applied to |
---|
985 | a different URI, it MUST send a 301 (Moved Permanently) response; the |
---|
986 | user agent MAY then make its own decision regarding whether or not to |
---|
987 | redirect the request. |
---|
988 | |
---|
989 | A single resource MAY be identified by many different URIs. For |
---|
990 | example, an article might have a URI for identifying "the current |
---|
991 | version" which is separate from the URI identifying each particular |
---|
992 | version. In this case, a PUT request on a general URI might result |
---|
993 | in several other URIs being defined by the origin server. |
---|
994 | |
---|
995 | HTTP/1.1 does not define how a PUT method affects the state of an |
---|
996 | origin server. |
---|
997 | |
---|
998 | Unless otherwise specified for a particular entity-header, the |
---|
999 | entity-headers in the PUT request SHOULD be applied to the resource |
---|
1000 | created or modified by the PUT. |
---|
1001 | |
---|
1002 | |
---|
1003 | |
---|
1004 | |
---|
1005 | |
---|
1006 | |
---|
1007 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 18] |
---|
1008 | |
---|
1009 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1010 | |
---|
1011 | |
---|
1012 | 7.7. DELETE |
---|
1013 | |
---|
1014 | The DELETE method requests that the origin server delete the resource |
---|
1015 | identified by the Effective Request URI. This method MAY be |
---|
1016 | overridden by human intervention (or other means) on the origin |
---|
1017 | server. The client cannot be guaranteed that the operation has been |
---|
1018 | carried out, even if the status code returned from the origin server |
---|
1019 | indicates that the action has been completed successfully. However, |
---|
1020 | the server SHOULD NOT indicate success unless, at the time the |
---|
1021 | response is given, it intends to delete the resource or move it to an |
---|
1022 | inaccessible location. |
---|
1023 | |
---|
1024 | A successful response SHOULD be 200 (OK) if the response includes an |
---|
1025 | entity describing the status, 202 (Accepted) if the action has not |
---|
1026 | yet been enacted, or 204 (No Content) if the action has been enacted |
---|
1027 | but the response does not include an entity. |
---|
1028 | |
---|
1029 | If the request passes through a cache and the Effective Request URI |
---|
1030 | identifies one or more currently cached entities, those entries |
---|
1031 | SHOULD be treated as stale. Responses to this method are not |
---|
1032 | cacheable. |
---|
1033 | |
---|
1034 | 7.8. TRACE |
---|
1035 | |
---|
1036 | The TRACE method is used to invoke a remote, application-layer loop- |
---|
1037 | back of the request message. The final recipient of the request |
---|
1038 | SHOULD reflect the message received back to the client as the entity- |
---|
1039 | body of a 200 (OK) response. The final recipient is either the |
---|
1040 | origin server or the first proxy or gateway to receive a Max-Forwards |
---|
1041 | value of zero (0) in the request (see Section 9.5). A TRACE request |
---|
1042 | MUST NOT include an entity. |
---|
1043 | |
---|
1044 | TRACE allows the client to see what is being received at the other |
---|
1045 | end of the request chain and use that data for testing or diagnostic |
---|
1046 | information. The value of the Via header field (Section 9.9 of |
---|
1047 | [Part1]) is of particular interest, since it acts as a trace of the |
---|
1048 | request chain. Use of the Max-Forwards header field allows the |
---|
1049 | client to limit the length of the request chain, which is useful for |
---|
1050 | testing a chain of proxies forwarding messages in an infinite loop. |
---|
1051 | |
---|
1052 | If the request is valid, the response SHOULD contain the entire |
---|
1053 | request message in the entity-body, with a Content-Type of "message/ |
---|
1054 | http" (see Section 10.3.1 of [Part1]). Responses to this method MUST |
---|
1055 | NOT be cached. |
---|
1056 | |
---|
1057 | |
---|
1058 | |
---|
1059 | |
---|
1060 | |
---|
1061 | |
---|
1062 | |
---|
1063 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 19] |
---|
1064 | |
---|
1065 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1066 | |
---|
1067 | |
---|
1068 | 7.9. CONNECT |
---|
1069 | |
---|
1070 | This specification reserves the method name CONNECT for use with a |
---|
1071 | proxy that can dynamically switch to being a tunnel (e.g., SSL |
---|
1072 | tunneling [RFC2817]). |
---|
1073 | |
---|
1074 | 8. Status Code Definitions |
---|
1075 | |
---|
1076 | Each Status-Code is described below, including any metainformation |
---|
1077 | required in the response. |
---|
1078 | |
---|
1079 | 8.1. Informational 1xx |
---|
1080 | |
---|
1081 | This class of status code indicates a provisional response, |
---|
1082 | consisting only of the Status-Line and optional headers, and is |
---|
1083 | terminated by an empty line. There are no required headers for this |
---|
1084 | class of status code. Since HTTP/1.0 did not define any 1xx status |
---|
1085 | codes, servers MUST NOT send a 1xx response to an HTTP/1.0 client |
---|
1086 | except under experimental conditions. |
---|
1087 | |
---|
1088 | A client MUST be prepared to accept one or more 1xx status responses |
---|
1089 | prior to a regular response, even if the client does not expect a 100 |
---|
1090 | (Continue) status message. Unexpected 1xx status responses MAY be |
---|
1091 | ignored by a user agent. |
---|
1092 | |
---|
1093 | Proxies MUST forward 1xx responses, unless the connection between the |
---|
1094 | proxy and its client has been closed, or unless the proxy itself |
---|
1095 | requested the generation of the 1xx response. (For example, if a |
---|
1096 | proxy adds a "Expect: 100-continue" field when it forwards a request, |
---|
1097 | then it need not forward the corresponding 100 (Continue) |
---|
1098 | response(s).) |
---|
1099 | |
---|
1100 | 8.1.1. 100 Continue |
---|
1101 | |
---|
1102 | The client SHOULD continue with its request. This interim response |
---|
1103 | is used to inform the client that the initial part of the request has |
---|
1104 | been received and has not yet been rejected by the server. The |
---|
1105 | client SHOULD continue by sending the remainder of the request or, if |
---|
1106 | the request has already been completed, ignore this response. The |
---|
1107 | server MUST send a final response after the request has been |
---|
1108 | completed. See Section 7.2.3 of [Part1] for detailed discussion of |
---|
1109 | the use and handling of this status code. |
---|
1110 | |
---|
1111 | 8.1.2. 101 Switching Protocols |
---|
1112 | |
---|
1113 | The server understands and is willing to comply with the client's |
---|
1114 | request, via the Upgrade message header field (Section 9.8 of |
---|
1115 | [Part1]), for a change in the application protocol being used on this |
---|
1116 | |
---|
1117 | |
---|
1118 | |
---|
1119 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 20] |
---|
1120 | |
---|
1121 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1122 | |
---|
1123 | |
---|
1124 | connection. The server will switch protocols to those defined by the |
---|
1125 | response's Upgrade header field immediately after the empty line |
---|
1126 | which terminates the 101 response. |
---|
1127 | |
---|
1128 | The protocol SHOULD be switched only when it is advantageous to do |
---|
1129 | so. For example, switching to a newer version of HTTP is |
---|
1130 | advantageous over older versions, and switching to a real-time, |
---|
1131 | synchronous protocol might be advantageous when delivering resources |
---|
1132 | that use such features. |
---|
1133 | |
---|
1134 | 8.2. Successful 2xx |
---|
1135 | |
---|
1136 | This class of status code indicates that the client's request was |
---|
1137 | successfully received, understood, and accepted. |
---|
1138 | |
---|
1139 | 8.2.1. 200 OK |
---|
1140 | |
---|
1141 | The request has succeeded. The information returned with the |
---|
1142 | response is dependent on the method used in the request, for example: |
---|
1143 | |
---|
1144 | GET an entity corresponding to the requested resource is sent in the |
---|
1145 | response; |
---|
1146 | |
---|
1147 | HEAD the entity-header fields corresponding to the requested |
---|
1148 | resource are sent in the response without any message-body; |
---|
1149 | |
---|
1150 | POST an entity describing or containing the result of the action; |
---|
1151 | |
---|
1152 | TRACE an entity containing the request message as received by the |
---|
1153 | end server. |
---|
1154 | |
---|
1155 | 8.2.2. 201 Created |
---|
1156 | |
---|
1157 | The request has been fulfilled and has resulted in a new resource |
---|
1158 | being created. The newly created resource can be referenced by the |
---|
1159 | URI(s) returned in the entity of the response, with the most specific |
---|
1160 | URI for the resource given by a Location header field. The response |
---|
1161 | SHOULD include an entity containing a list of resource |
---|
1162 | characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can |
---|
1163 | choose the one most appropriate. The entity format is specified by |
---|
1164 | the media type given in the Content-Type header field. The origin |
---|
1165 | server MUST create the resource before returning the 201 status code. |
---|
1166 | If the action cannot be carried out immediately, the server SHOULD |
---|
1167 | respond with 202 (Accepted) response instead. |
---|
1168 | |
---|
1169 | A 201 response MAY contain an ETag response header field indicating |
---|
1170 | the current value of the entity tag for the requested variant just |
---|
1171 | created, see Section 6.1 of [Part4]. |
---|
1172 | |
---|
1173 | |
---|
1174 | |
---|
1175 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 21] |
---|
1176 | |
---|
1177 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1178 | |
---|
1179 | |
---|
1180 | 8.2.3. 202 Accepted |
---|
1181 | |
---|
1182 | The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has |
---|
1183 | not been completed. The request might or might not eventually be |
---|
1184 | acted upon, as it might be disallowed when processing actually takes |
---|
1185 | place. There is no facility for re-sending a status code from an |
---|
1186 | asynchronous operation such as this. |
---|
1187 | |
---|
1188 | The 202 response is intentionally non-committal. Its purpose is to |
---|
1189 | allow a server to accept a request for some other process (perhaps a |
---|
1190 | batch-oriented process that is only run once per day) without |
---|
1191 | requiring that the user agent's connection to the server persist |
---|
1192 | until the process is completed. The entity returned with this |
---|
1193 | response SHOULD include an indication of the request's current status |
---|
1194 | and either a pointer to a status monitor or some estimate of when the |
---|
1195 | user can expect the request to be fulfilled. |
---|
1196 | |
---|
1197 | 8.2.4. 203 Non-Authoritative Information |
---|
1198 | |
---|
1199 | The returned metainformation in the entity-header is not the |
---|
1200 | definitive set as available from the origin server, but is gathered |
---|
1201 | from a local or a third-party copy. The set presented MAY be a |
---|
1202 | subset or superset of the original version. For example, including |
---|
1203 | local annotation information about the resource might result in a |
---|
1204 | superset of the metainformation known by the origin server. Use of |
---|
1205 | this response code is not required and is only appropriate when the |
---|
1206 | response would otherwise be 200 (OK). |
---|
1207 | |
---|
1208 | 8.2.5. 204 No Content |
---|
1209 | |
---|
1210 | The server has fulfilled the request but does not need to return an |
---|
1211 | entity-body, and might want to return updated metainformation. The |
---|
1212 | response MAY include new or updated metainformation in the form of |
---|
1213 | entity-headers, which if present SHOULD be associated with the |
---|
1214 | requested variant. |
---|
1215 | |
---|
1216 | If the client is a user agent, it SHOULD NOT change its document view |
---|
1217 | from that which caused the request to be sent. This response is |
---|
1218 | primarily intended to allow input for actions to take place without |
---|
1219 | causing a change to the user agent's active document view, although |
---|
1220 | any new or updated metainformation SHOULD be applied to the document |
---|
1221 | currently in the user agent's active view. |
---|
1222 | |
---|
1223 | The 204 response MUST NOT include a message-body, and thus is always |
---|
1224 | terminated by the first empty line after the header fields. |
---|
1225 | |
---|
1226 | |
---|
1227 | |
---|
1228 | |
---|
1229 | |
---|
1230 | |
---|
1231 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 22] |
---|
1232 | |
---|
1233 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1234 | |
---|
1235 | |
---|
1236 | 8.2.6. 205 Reset Content |
---|
1237 | |
---|
1238 | The server has fulfilled the request and the user agent SHOULD reset |
---|
1239 | the document view which caused the request to be sent. This response |
---|
1240 | is primarily intended to allow input for actions to take place via |
---|
1241 | user input, followed by a clearing of the form in which the input is |
---|
1242 | given so that the user can easily initiate another input action. The |
---|
1243 | response MUST NOT include an entity. |
---|
1244 | |
---|
1245 | 8.2.7. 206 Partial Content |
---|
1246 | |
---|
1247 | The server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource and |
---|
1248 | the enclosed entity is a partial representation as defined in Section |
---|
1249 | 3.1 of [Part5]. |
---|
1250 | |
---|
1251 | 8.3. Redirection 3xx |
---|
1252 | |
---|
1253 | This class of status code indicates that further action needs to be |
---|
1254 | taken by the user agent in order to fulfill the request. The action |
---|
1255 | required MAY be carried out by the user agent without interaction |
---|
1256 | with the user if and only if the method used in the second request is |
---|
1257 | known to be "safe", as defined in Section 7.1.1. A client SHOULD |
---|
1258 | detect infinite redirection loops, since such loops generate network |
---|
1259 | traffic for each redirection. |
---|
1260 | |
---|
1261 | Note: An earlier version of this specification recommended a |
---|
1262 | maximum of five redirections ([RFC2068], Section 10.3). Content |
---|
1263 | developers should be aware that there might be clients that |
---|
1264 | implement such a fixed limitation. |
---|
1265 | |
---|
1266 | 8.3.1. 300 Multiple Choices |
---|
1267 | |
---|
1268 | The requested resource corresponds to any one of a set of |
---|
1269 | representations, each with its own specific location, and agent- |
---|
1270 | driven negotiation information (Section 4 of [Part3]) is being |
---|
1271 | provided so that the user (or user agent) can select a preferred |
---|
1272 | representation and redirect its request to that location. |
---|
1273 | |
---|
1274 | Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include an entity |
---|
1275 | containing a list of resource characteristics and location(s) from |
---|
1276 | which the user or user agent can choose the one most appropriate. |
---|
1277 | The entity format is specified by the media type given in the |
---|
1278 | Content-Type header field. Depending upon the format and the |
---|
1279 | capabilities of the user agent, selection of the most appropriate |
---|
1280 | choice MAY be performed automatically. However, this specification |
---|
1281 | does not define any standard for such automatic selection. |
---|
1282 | |
---|
1283 | If the server has a preferred choice of representation, it SHOULD |
---|
1284 | |
---|
1285 | |
---|
1286 | |
---|
1287 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 23] |
---|
1288 | |
---|
1289 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1290 | |
---|
1291 | |
---|
1292 | include the specific URI for that representation in the Location |
---|
1293 | field; user agents MAY use the Location field value for automatic |
---|
1294 | redirection. This response is cacheable unless indicated otherwise. |
---|
1295 | |
---|
1296 | 8.3.2. 301 Moved Permanently |
---|
1297 | |
---|
1298 | The requested resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any |
---|
1299 | future references to this resource SHOULD use one of the returned |
---|
1300 | URIs. Clients with link editing capabilities ought to automatically |
---|
1301 | re-link references to the Effective Request URI to one or more of the |
---|
1302 | new references returned by the server, where possible. This response |
---|
1303 | is cacheable unless indicated otherwise. |
---|
1304 | |
---|
1305 | The new permanent URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the |
---|
1306 | response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the |
---|
1307 | response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to |
---|
1308 | the new URI(s). |
---|
1309 | |
---|
1310 | If the 301 status code is received in response to a request method |
---|
1311 | that is known to be "safe", as defined in Section 7.1.1, then the |
---|
1312 | request MAY be automatically redirected by the user agent without |
---|
1313 | confirmation. Otherwise, the user agent MUST NOT automatically |
---|
1314 | redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since |
---|
1315 | this might change the conditions under which the request was issued. |
---|
1316 | |
---|
1317 | Note: When automatically redirecting a POST request after |
---|
1318 | receiving a 301 status code, some existing HTTP/1.0 user agents |
---|
1319 | will erroneously change it into a GET request. |
---|
1320 | |
---|
1321 | 8.3.3. 302 Found |
---|
1322 | |
---|
1323 | The requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. |
---|
1324 | Since the redirection might be altered on occasion, the client SHOULD |
---|
1325 | continue to use the Effectice Request URI for future requests. This |
---|
1326 | response is only cacheable if indicated by a Cache-Control or Expires |
---|
1327 | header field. |
---|
1328 | |
---|
1329 | The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the |
---|
1330 | response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the |
---|
1331 | response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to |
---|
1332 | the new URI(s). |
---|
1333 | |
---|
1334 | If the 302 status code is received in response to a request method |
---|
1335 | that is known to be "safe", as defined in Section 7.1.1, then the |
---|
1336 | request MAY be automatically redirected by the user agent without |
---|
1337 | confirmation. Otherwise, the user agent MUST NOT automatically |
---|
1338 | redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since |
---|
1339 | this might change the conditions under which the request was issued. |
---|
1340 | |
---|
1341 | |
---|
1342 | |
---|
1343 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 24] |
---|
1344 | |
---|
1345 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1346 | |
---|
1347 | |
---|
1348 | Note: HTTP/1.0 ([RFC1945], Section 9.3) and the first version of |
---|
1349 | HTTP/1.1 ([RFC2068], Section 10.3.3) specify that the client is |
---|
1350 | not allowed to change the method on the redirected request. |
---|
1351 | However, most existing user agent implementations treat 302 as if |
---|
1352 | it were a 303 response, performing a GET on the Location field- |
---|
1353 | value regardless of the original request method. Therefore, a |
---|
1354 | previous version of this specification ([RFC2616], Section 10.3.3) |
---|
1355 | has added the status codes 303 and 307 for servers that wish to |
---|
1356 | make unambiguously clear which kind of reaction is expected of the |
---|
1357 | client. |
---|
1358 | |
---|
1359 | 8.3.4. 303 See Other |
---|
1360 | |
---|
1361 | The server directs the user agent to a different resource, indicated |
---|
1362 | by a URI in the Location header field, that provides an indirect |
---|
1363 | response to the original request. The user agent MAY perform a GET |
---|
1364 | request on the URI in the Location field in order to obtain a |
---|
1365 | representation corresponding to the response, be redirected again, or |
---|
1366 | end with an error status. The Location URI is not a substitute |
---|
1367 | reference for the originally requested resource. |
---|
1368 | |
---|
1369 | The 303 status is generally applicable to any HTTP method. It is |
---|
1370 | primarily used to allow the output of a POST action to redirect the |
---|
1371 | user agent to a selected resource, since doing so provides the |
---|
1372 | information corresponding to the POST response in a form that can be |
---|
1373 | separately identified, bookmarked, and cached independent of the |
---|
1374 | original request. |
---|
1375 | |
---|
1376 | A 303 response to a GET request indicates that the requested resource |
---|
1377 | does not have a representation of its own that can be transferred by |
---|
1378 | the server over HTTP. The Location URI indicates a resource that is |
---|
1379 | descriptive of the requested resource such that the follow-on |
---|
1380 | representation may be useful without implying that it adequately |
---|
1381 | represents the previously requested resource. Note that answers to |
---|
1382 | the questions of what can be represented, what representations are |
---|
1383 | adequate, and what might be a useful description are outside the |
---|
1384 | scope of HTTP and thus entirely determined by the URI owner(s). |
---|
1385 | |
---|
1386 | A 303 response SHOULD NOT be cached unless it is indicated as |
---|
1387 | cacheable by Cache-Control or Expires header fields. Except for |
---|
1388 | responses to a HEAD request, the entity of a 303 response SHOULD |
---|
1389 | contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the Location URI. |
---|
1390 | |
---|
1391 | 8.3.5. 304 Not Modified |
---|
1392 | |
---|
1393 | The response to the request has not been modified since the |
---|
1394 | conditions indicated by the client's conditional GET request, as |
---|
1395 | defined in Section 3.1 of [Part4]. |
---|
1396 | |
---|
1397 | |
---|
1398 | |
---|
1399 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 25] |
---|
1400 | |
---|
1401 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1402 | |
---|
1403 | |
---|
1404 | 8.3.6. 305 Use Proxy |
---|
1405 | |
---|
1406 | The 305 status was defined in a previous version of this |
---|
1407 | specification (see Appendix A.2), and is now deprecated. |
---|
1408 | |
---|
1409 | 8.3.7. 306 (Unused) |
---|
1410 | |
---|
1411 | The 306 status code was used in a previous version of the |
---|
1412 | specification, is no longer used, and the code is reserved. |
---|
1413 | |
---|
1414 | 8.3.8. 307 Temporary Redirect |
---|
1415 | |
---|
1416 | The requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. |
---|
1417 | Since the redirection MAY be altered on occasion, the client SHOULD |
---|
1418 | continue to use the Effective Request URI for future requests. This |
---|
1419 | response is only cacheable if indicated by a Cache-Control or Expires |
---|
1420 | header field. |
---|
1421 | |
---|
1422 | The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the |
---|
1423 | response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the |
---|
1424 | response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to |
---|
1425 | the new URI(s) , since many pre-HTTP/1.1 user agents do not |
---|
1426 | understand the 307 status. Therefore, the note SHOULD contain the |
---|
1427 | information necessary for a user to repeat the original request on |
---|
1428 | the new URI. |
---|
1429 | |
---|
1430 | If the 307 status code is received in response to a request method |
---|
1431 | that is known to be "safe", as defined in Section 7.1.1, then the |
---|
1432 | request MAY be automatically redirected by the user agent without |
---|
1433 | confirmation. Otherwise, the user agent MUST NOT automatically |
---|
1434 | redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since |
---|
1435 | this might change the conditions under which the request was issued. |
---|
1436 | |
---|
1437 | 8.4. Client Error 4xx |
---|
1438 | |
---|
1439 | The 4xx class of status code is intended for cases in which the |
---|
1440 | client seems to have erred. Except when responding to a HEAD |
---|
1441 | request, the server SHOULD include an entity containing an |
---|
1442 | explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or |
---|
1443 | permanent condition. These status codes are applicable to any |
---|
1444 | request method. User agents SHOULD display any included entity to |
---|
1445 | the user. |
---|
1446 | |
---|
1447 | If the client is sending data, a server implementation using TCP |
---|
1448 | SHOULD be careful to ensure that the client acknowledges receipt of |
---|
1449 | the packet(s) containing the response, before the server closes the |
---|
1450 | input connection. If the client continues sending data to the server |
---|
1451 | after the close, the server's TCP stack will send a reset packet to |
---|
1452 | |
---|
1453 | |
---|
1454 | |
---|
1455 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 26] |
---|
1456 | |
---|
1457 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1458 | |
---|
1459 | |
---|
1460 | the client, which may erase the client's unacknowledged input buffers |
---|
1461 | before they can be read and interpreted by the HTTP application. |
---|
1462 | |
---|
1463 | 8.4.1. 400 Bad Request |
---|
1464 | |
---|
1465 | The request could not be understood by the server due to malformed |
---|
1466 | syntax. The client SHOULD NOT repeat the request without |
---|
1467 | modifications. |
---|
1468 | |
---|
1469 | 8.4.2. 401 Unauthorized |
---|
1470 | |
---|
1471 | The request requires user authentication (see Section 2.1 of |
---|
1472 | [Part7]). |
---|
1473 | |
---|
1474 | 8.4.3. 402 Payment Required |
---|
1475 | |
---|
1476 | This code is reserved for future use. |
---|
1477 | |
---|
1478 | 8.4.4. 403 Forbidden |
---|
1479 | |
---|
1480 | The server understood the request, but is refusing to fulfill it. |
---|
1481 | Authorization will not help and the request SHOULD NOT be repeated. |
---|
1482 | If the request method was not HEAD and the server wishes to make |
---|
1483 | public why the request has not been fulfilled, it SHOULD describe the |
---|
1484 | reason for the refusal in the entity. If the server does not wish to |
---|
1485 | make this information available to the client, the status code 404 |
---|
1486 | (Not Found) can be used instead. |
---|
1487 | |
---|
1488 | 8.4.5. 404 Not Found |
---|
1489 | |
---|
1490 | The server has not found anything matching the Effective Request URI. |
---|
1491 | No indication is given of whether the condition is temporary or |
---|
1492 | permanent. The 410 (Gone) status code SHOULD be used if the server |
---|
1493 | knows, through some internally configurable mechanism, that an old |
---|
1494 | resource is permanently unavailable and has no forwarding address. |
---|
1495 | This status code is commonly used when the server does not wish to |
---|
1496 | reveal exactly why the request has been refused, or when no other |
---|
1497 | response is applicable. |
---|
1498 | |
---|
1499 | 8.4.6. 405 Method Not Allowed |
---|
1500 | |
---|
1501 | The method specified in the Request-Line is not allowed for the |
---|
1502 | resource identified by the Effective Request URI. The response MUST |
---|
1503 | include an Allow header containing a list of valid methods for the |
---|
1504 | requested resource. |
---|
1505 | |
---|
1506 | |
---|
1507 | |
---|
1508 | |
---|
1509 | |
---|
1510 | |
---|
1511 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 27] |
---|
1512 | |
---|
1513 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1514 | |
---|
1515 | |
---|
1516 | 8.4.7. 406 Not Acceptable |
---|
1517 | |
---|
1518 | The resource identified by the request is only capable of generating |
---|
1519 | response entities which have content characteristics not acceptable |
---|
1520 | according to the accept headers sent in the request. |
---|
1521 | |
---|
1522 | Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include an entity |
---|
1523 | containing a list of available entity characteristics and location(s) |
---|
1524 | from which the user or user agent can choose the one most |
---|
1525 | appropriate. The entity format is specified by the media type given |
---|
1526 | in the Content-Type header field. Depending upon the format and the |
---|
1527 | capabilities of the user agent, selection of the most appropriate |
---|
1528 | choice MAY be performed automatically. However, this specification |
---|
1529 | does not define any standard for such automatic selection. |
---|
1530 | |
---|
1531 | Note: HTTP/1.1 servers are allowed to return responses which are |
---|
1532 | not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the |
---|
1533 | request. In some cases, this may even be preferable to sending a |
---|
1534 | 406 response. User agents are encouraged to inspect the headers |
---|
1535 | of an incoming response to determine if it is acceptable. |
---|
1536 | |
---|
1537 | If the response could be unacceptable, a user agent SHOULD |
---|
1538 | temporarily stop receipt of more data and query the user for a |
---|
1539 | decision on further actions. |
---|
1540 | |
---|
1541 | 8.4.8. 407 Proxy Authentication Required |
---|
1542 | |
---|
1543 | This code is similar to 401 (Unauthorized), but indicates that the |
---|
1544 | client must first authenticate itself with the proxy (see Section 2.2 |
---|
1545 | of [Part7]). |
---|
1546 | |
---|
1547 | 8.4.9. 408 Request Timeout |
---|
1548 | |
---|
1549 | The client did not produce a request within the time that the server |
---|
1550 | was prepared to wait. The client MAY repeat the request without |
---|
1551 | modifications at any later time. |
---|
1552 | |
---|
1553 | 8.4.10. 409 Conflict |
---|
1554 | |
---|
1555 | The request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current |
---|
1556 | state of the resource. This code is only allowed in situations where |
---|
1557 | it is expected that the user might be able to resolve the conflict |
---|
1558 | and resubmit the request. The response body SHOULD include enough |
---|
1559 | information for the user to recognize the source of the conflict. |
---|
1560 | Ideally, the response entity would include enough information for the |
---|
1561 | user or user agent to fix the problem; however, that might not be |
---|
1562 | possible and is not required. |
---|
1563 | |
---|
1564 | |
---|
1565 | |
---|
1566 | |
---|
1567 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 28] |
---|
1568 | |
---|
1569 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1570 | |
---|
1571 | |
---|
1572 | Conflicts are most likely to occur in response to a PUT request. For |
---|
1573 | example, if versioning were being used and the entity being PUT |
---|
1574 | included changes to a resource which conflict with those made by an |
---|
1575 | earlier (third-party) request, the server might use the 409 response |
---|
1576 | to indicate that it can't complete the request. In this case, the |
---|
1577 | response entity would likely contain a list of the differences |
---|
1578 | between the two versions in a format defined by the response Content- |
---|
1579 | Type. |
---|
1580 | |
---|
1581 | 8.4.11. 410 Gone |
---|
1582 | |
---|
1583 | The requested resource is no longer available at the server and no |
---|
1584 | forwarding address is known. This condition is expected to be |
---|
1585 | considered permanent. Clients with link editing capabilities SHOULD |
---|
1586 | delete references to the Effective Request URI after user approval. |
---|
1587 | If the server does not know, or has no facility to determine, whether |
---|
1588 | or not the condition is permanent, the status code 404 (Not Found) |
---|
1589 | SHOULD be used instead. This response is cacheable unless indicated |
---|
1590 | otherwise. |
---|
1591 | |
---|
1592 | The 410 response is primarily intended to assist the task of web |
---|
1593 | maintenance by notifying the recipient that the resource is |
---|
1594 | intentionally unavailable and that the server owners desire that |
---|
1595 | remote links to that resource be removed. Such an event is common |
---|
1596 | for limited-time, promotional services and for resources belonging to |
---|
1597 | individuals no longer working at the server's site. It is not |
---|
1598 | necessary to mark all permanently unavailable resources as "gone" or |
---|
1599 | to keep the mark for any length of time -- that is left to the |
---|
1600 | discretion of the server owner. |
---|
1601 | |
---|
1602 | 8.4.12. 411 Length Required |
---|
1603 | |
---|
1604 | The server refuses to accept the request without a defined Content- |
---|
1605 | Length. The client MAY repeat the request if it adds a valid |
---|
1606 | Content-Length header field containing the length of the message-body |
---|
1607 | in the request message. |
---|
1608 | |
---|
1609 | 8.4.13. 412 Precondition Failed |
---|
1610 | |
---|
1611 | The precondition given in one or more of the request-header fields |
---|
1612 | evaluated to false when it was tested on the server, as defined in |
---|
1613 | Section 3.2 of [Part4]. |
---|
1614 | |
---|
1615 | 8.4.14. 413 Request Entity Too Large |
---|
1616 | |
---|
1617 | The server is refusing to process a request because the request |
---|
1618 | entity is larger than the server is willing or able to process. The |
---|
1619 | server MAY close the connection to prevent the client from continuing |
---|
1620 | |
---|
1621 | |
---|
1622 | |
---|
1623 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 29] |
---|
1624 | |
---|
1625 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1626 | |
---|
1627 | |
---|
1628 | the request. |
---|
1629 | |
---|
1630 | If the condition is temporary, the server SHOULD include a Retry- |
---|
1631 | After header field to indicate that it is temporary and after what |
---|
1632 | time the client MAY try again. |
---|
1633 | |
---|
1634 | 8.4.15. 414 URI Too Long |
---|
1635 | |
---|
1636 | The server is refusing to service the request because the Effective |
---|
1637 | Request URI is longer than the server is willing to interpret. This |
---|
1638 | rare condition is only likely to occur when a client has improperly |
---|
1639 | converted a POST request to a GET request with long query |
---|
1640 | information, when the client has descended into a URI "black hole" of |
---|
1641 | redirection (e.g., a redirected URI prefix that points to a suffix of |
---|
1642 | itself), or when the server is under attack by a client attempting to |
---|
1643 | exploit security holes present in some servers using fixed-length |
---|
1644 | buffers for reading or manipulating the Effective Request URI. |
---|
1645 | |
---|
1646 | 8.4.16. 415 Unsupported Media Type |
---|
1647 | |
---|
1648 | The server is refusing to service the request because the entity of |
---|
1649 | the request is in a format not supported by the requested resource |
---|
1650 | for the requested method. |
---|
1651 | |
---|
1652 | 8.4.17. 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable |
---|
1653 | |
---|
1654 | The request included a Range request-header field (Section 5.4 of |
---|
1655 | [Part5]) and none of the range-specifier values in this field overlap |
---|
1656 | the current extent of the selected resource. See Section 3.2 of |
---|
1657 | [Part5] |
---|
1658 | |
---|
1659 | 8.4.18. 417 Expectation Failed |
---|
1660 | |
---|
1661 | The expectation given in an Expect request-header field (see |
---|
1662 | Section 9.2) could not be met by this server, or, if the server is a |
---|
1663 | proxy, the server has unambiguous evidence that the request could not |
---|
1664 | be met by the next-hop server. |
---|
1665 | |
---|
1666 | 8.5. Server Error 5xx |
---|
1667 | |
---|
1668 | Response status codes beginning with the digit "5" indicate cases in |
---|
1669 | which the server is aware that it has erred or is incapable of |
---|
1670 | performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request, |
---|
1671 | the server SHOULD include an entity containing an explanation of the |
---|
1672 | error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent |
---|
1673 | condition. User agents SHOULD display any included entity to the |
---|
1674 | user. These response codes are applicable to any request method. |
---|
1675 | |
---|
1676 | |
---|
1677 | |
---|
1678 | |
---|
1679 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 30] |
---|
1680 | |
---|
1681 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1682 | |
---|
1683 | |
---|
1684 | 8.5.1. 500 Internal Server Error |
---|
1685 | |
---|
1686 | The server encountered an unexpected condition which prevented it |
---|
1687 | from fulfilling the request. |
---|
1688 | |
---|
1689 | 8.5.2. 501 Not Implemented |
---|
1690 | |
---|
1691 | The server does not support the functionality required to fulfill the |
---|
1692 | request. This is the appropriate response when the server does not |
---|
1693 | recognize the request method and is not capable of supporting it for |
---|
1694 | any resource. |
---|
1695 | |
---|
1696 | 8.5.3. 502 Bad Gateway |
---|
1697 | |
---|
1698 | The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, received an invalid |
---|
1699 | response from the upstream server it accessed in attempting to |
---|
1700 | fulfill the request. |
---|
1701 | |
---|
1702 | 8.5.4. 503 Service Unavailable |
---|
1703 | |
---|
1704 | The server is currently unable to handle the request due to a |
---|
1705 | temporary overloading or maintenance of the server. The implication |
---|
1706 | is that this is a temporary condition which will be alleviated after |
---|
1707 | some delay. If known, the length of the delay MAY be indicated in a |
---|
1708 | Retry-After header. If no Retry-After is given, the client SHOULD |
---|
1709 | handle the response as it would for a 500 response. |
---|
1710 | |
---|
1711 | Note: The existence of the 503 status code does not imply that a |
---|
1712 | server must use it when becoming overloaded. Some servers may |
---|
1713 | wish to simply refuse the connection. |
---|
1714 | |
---|
1715 | 8.5.5. 504 Gateway Timeout |
---|
1716 | |
---|
1717 | The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, did not receive a |
---|
1718 | timely response from the upstream server specified by the URI (e.g., |
---|
1719 | HTTP, FTP, LDAP) or some other auxiliary server (e.g., DNS) it needed |
---|
1720 | to access in attempting to complete the request. |
---|
1721 | |
---|
1722 | Note to implementors: some deployed proxies are known to return |
---|
1723 | 400 or 500 when DNS lookups time out. |
---|
1724 | |
---|
1725 | 8.5.6. 505 HTTP Version Not Supported |
---|
1726 | |
---|
1727 | The server does not support, or refuses to support, the protocol |
---|
1728 | version that was used in the request message. The server is |
---|
1729 | indicating that it is unable or unwilling to complete the request |
---|
1730 | using the same major version as the client, as described in Section |
---|
1731 | 2.5 of [Part1], other than with this error message. The response |
---|
1732 | |
---|
1733 | |
---|
1734 | |
---|
1735 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 31] |
---|
1736 | |
---|
1737 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1738 | |
---|
1739 | |
---|
1740 | SHOULD contain an entity describing why that version is not supported |
---|
1741 | and what other protocols are supported by that server. |
---|
1742 | |
---|
1743 | 9. Header Field Definitions |
---|
1744 | |
---|
1745 | This section defines the syntax and semantics of HTTP/1.1 header |
---|
1746 | fields related to request and response semantics. |
---|
1747 | |
---|
1748 | For entity-header fields, both sender and recipient refer to either |
---|
1749 | the client or the server, depending on who sends and who receives the |
---|
1750 | entity. |
---|
1751 | |
---|
1752 | 9.1. Allow |
---|
1753 | |
---|
1754 | The "Allow" response-header field lists the set of methods advertised |
---|
1755 | as supported by the resource identified by the Effective Request URI. |
---|
1756 | The purpose of this field is strictly to inform the recipient of |
---|
1757 | valid methods associated with the resource. |
---|
1758 | |
---|
1759 | Allow = "Allow" ":" OWS Allow-v |
---|
1760 | Allow-v = #Method |
---|
1761 | |
---|
1762 | Example of use: |
---|
1763 | |
---|
1764 | Allow: GET, HEAD, PUT |
---|
1765 | |
---|
1766 | The actual set of allowed methods is defined by the origin server at |
---|
1767 | the time of each request. |
---|
1768 | |
---|
1769 | A proxy MUST NOT modify the Allow header field even if it does not |
---|
1770 | understand all the methods specified, since the user agent might have |
---|
1771 | other means of communicating with the origin server. |
---|
1772 | |
---|
1773 | 9.2. Expect |
---|
1774 | |
---|
1775 | The "Expect" request-header field is used to indicate that particular |
---|
1776 | server behaviors are required by the client. |
---|
1777 | |
---|
1778 | Expect = "Expect" ":" OWS Expect-v |
---|
1779 | Expect-v = 1#expectation |
---|
1780 | |
---|
1781 | expectation = "100-continue" / expectation-extension |
---|
1782 | expectation-extension = token [ "=" ( token / quoted-string ) |
---|
1783 | *expect-params ] |
---|
1784 | expect-params = ";" token [ "=" ( token / quoted-string ) ] |
---|
1785 | |
---|
1786 | A server that does not understand or is unable to comply with any of |
---|
1787 | the expectation values in the Expect field of a request MUST respond |
---|
1788 | |
---|
1789 | |
---|
1790 | |
---|
1791 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 32] |
---|
1792 | |
---|
1793 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1794 | |
---|
1795 | |
---|
1796 | with appropriate error status. The server MUST respond with a 417 |
---|
1797 | (Expectation Failed) status if any of the expectations cannot be met |
---|
1798 | or, if there are other problems with the request, some other 4xx |
---|
1799 | status. |
---|
1800 | |
---|
1801 | This header field is defined with extensible syntax to allow for |
---|
1802 | future extensions. If a server receives a request containing an |
---|
1803 | Expect field that includes an expectation-extension that it does not |
---|
1804 | support, it MUST respond with a 417 (Expectation Failed) status. |
---|
1805 | |
---|
1806 | Comparison of expectation values is case-insensitive for unquoted |
---|
1807 | tokens (including the 100-continue token), and is case-sensitive for |
---|
1808 | quoted-string expectation-extensions. |
---|
1809 | |
---|
1810 | The Expect mechanism is hop-by-hop: that is, an HTTP/1.1 proxy MUST |
---|
1811 | return a 417 (Expectation Failed) status if it receives a request |
---|
1812 | with an expectation that it cannot meet. However, the Expect |
---|
1813 | request-header itself is end-to-end; it MUST be forwarded if the |
---|
1814 | request is forwarded. |
---|
1815 | |
---|
1816 | Many older HTTP/1.0 and HTTP/1.1 applications do not understand the |
---|
1817 | Expect header. |
---|
1818 | |
---|
1819 | See Section 7.2.3 of [Part1] for the use of the 100 (Continue) |
---|
1820 | status. |
---|
1821 | |
---|
1822 | 9.3. From |
---|
1823 | |
---|
1824 | The "From" request-header field, if given, SHOULD contain an Internet |
---|
1825 | e-mail address for the human user who controls the requesting user |
---|
1826 | agent. The address SHOULD be machine-usable, as defined by "mailbox" |
---|
1827 | in Section 3.4 of [RFC5322]: |
---|
1828 | |
---|
1829 | From = "From" ":" OWS From-v |
---|
1830 | From-v = mailbox |
---|
1831 | |
---|
1832 | mailbox = <mailbox, defined in [RFC5322], Section 3.4> |
---|
1833 | |
---|
1834 | An example is: |
---|
1835 | |
---|
1836 | From: webmaster@example.org |
---|
1837 | |
---|
1838 | This header field MAY be used for logging purposes and as a means for |
---|
1839 | identifying the source of invalid or unwanted requests. It SHOULD |
---|
1840 | NOT be used as an insecure form of access protection. The |
---|
1841 | interpretation of this field is that the request is being performed |
---|
1842 | on behalf of the person given, who accepts responsibility for the |
---|
1843 | method performed. In particular, robot agents SHOULD include this |
---|
1844 | |
---|
1845 | |
---|
1846 | |
---|
1847 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 33] |
---|
1848 | |
---|
1849 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1850 | |
---|
1851 | |
---|
1852 | header so that the person responsible for running the robot can be |
---|
1853 | contacted if problems occur on the receiving end. |
---|
1854 | |
---|
1855 | The Internet e-mail address in this field MAY be separate from the |
---|
1856 | Internet host which issued the request. For example, when a request |
---|
1857 | is passed through a proxy the original issuer's address SHOULD be |
---|
1858 | used. |
---|
1859 | |
---|
1860 | The client SHOULD NOT send the From header field without the user's |
---|
1861 | approval, as it might conflict with the user's privacy interests or |
---|
1862 | their site's security policy. It is strongly recommended that the |
---|
1863 | user be able to disable, enable, and modify the value of this field |
---|
1864 | at any time prior to a request. |
---|
1865 | |
---|
1866 | 9.4. Location |
---|
1867 | |
---|
1868 | The "Location" response-header field is used to identify a newly |
---|
1869 | created resource, or to redirect the recipient to a different |
---|
1870 | location for completion of the request. |
---|
1871 | |
---|
1872 | For 201 (Created) responses, the Location is the URI of the new |
---|
1873 | resource which was created by the request. For 3xx responses, the |
---|
1874 | location SHOULD indicate the server's preferred URI for automatic |
---|
1875 | redirection to the resource. |
---|
1876 | |
---|
1877 | The field value consists of a single URI-reference. When it has the |
---|
1878 | form of a relative reference ([RFC3986], Section 4.2), the final |
---|
1879 | value is computed by resolving it against the effective request URI |
---|
1880 | ([RFC3986], Section 5). |
---|
1881 | |
---|
1882 | Location = "Location" ":" OWS Location-v |
---|
1883 | Location-v = URI-reference |
---|
1884 | |
---|
1885 | Examples are: |
---|
1886 | |
---|
1887 | Location: http://www.example.org/pub/WWW/People.html#tim |
---|
1888 | |
---|
1889 | Location: /index.html |
---|
1890 | |
---|
1891 | There are circumstances in which a fragment identifier in a Location |
---|
1892 | URI would not be appropriate: |
---|
1893 | |
---|
1894 | o With a 201 Created response, because in this usage the Location |
---|
1895 | header specifies the URI for the entire created resource. |
---|
1896 | |
---|
1897 | o With 305 Use Proxy. |
---|
1898 | |
---|
1899 | |
---|
1900 | |
---|
1901 | |
---|
1902 | |
---|
1903 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 34] |
---|
1904 | |
---|
1905 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1906 | |
---|
1907 | |
---|
1908 | Note: This specification does not define precedence rules for the |
---|
1909 | case where the original URI, as navigated to by the user agent, |
---|
1910 | and the Location header field value both contain fragment |
---|
1911 | identifiers. |
---|
1912 | |
---|
1913 | Note: The Content-Location header field (Section 5.7 of [Part3]) |
---|
1914 | differs from Location in that the Content-Location identifies the |
---|
1915 | original location of the entity enclosed in the response. It is |
---|
1916 | therefore possible for a response to contain header fields for |
---|
1917 | both Location and Content-Location. |
---|
1918 | |
---|
1919 | 9.5. Max-Forwards |
---|
1920 | |
---|
1921 | The "Max-Forwards" request-header field provides a mechanism with the |
---|
1922 | TRACE (Section 7.8) and OPTIONS (Section 7.2) methods to limit the |
---|
1923 | number of times that the request is forwarded by proxies or gateways. |
---|
1924 | This can be useful when the client is attempting to trace a request |
---|
1925 | which appears to be failing or looping in mid-chain. |
---|
1926 | |
---|
1927 | Max-Forwards = "Max-Forwards" ":" OWS Max-Forwards-v |
---|
1928 | Max-Forwards-v = 1*DIGIT |
---|
1929 | |
---|
1930 | The Max-Forwards value is a decimal integer indicating the remaining |
---|
1931 | number of times this request message may be forwarded. |
---|
1932 | |
---|
1933 | Each proxy or gateway recipient of a TRACE or OPTIONS request |
---|
1934 | containing a Max-Forwards header field MUST check and update its |
---|
1935 | value prior to forwarding the request. If the received value is zero |
---|
1936 | (0), the recipient MUST NOT forward the request; instead, it MUST |
---|
1937 | respond as the final recipient. If the received Max-Forwards value |
---|
1938 | is greater than zero, then the forwarded message MUST contain an |
---|
1939 | updated Max-Forwards field with a value decremented by one (1). |
---|
1940 | |
---|
1941 | The Max-Forwards header field MAY be ignored for all other methods |
---|
1942 | defined by this specification and for any extension methods for which |
---|
1943 | it is not explicitly referred to as part of that method definition. |
---|
1944 | |
---|
1945 | 9.6. Referer |
---|
1946 | |
---|
1947 | The "Referer" [sic] request-header field allows the client to specify |
---|
1948 | the URI of the resource from which the Effective Request URI was |
---|
1949 | obtained (the "referrer", although the header field is misspelled.). |
---|
1950 | |
---|
1951 | The Referer header allows servers to generate lists of back-links to |
---|
1952 | resources for interest, logging, optimized caching, etc. It also |
---|
1953 | allows obsolete or mistyped links to be traced for maintenance. Some |
---|
1954 | servers use Referer as a means of controlling where they allow links |
---|
1955 | from (so-called "deep linking"), but it should be noted that |
---|
1956 | |
---|
1957 | |
---|
1958 | |
---|
1959 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 35] |
---|
1960 | |
---|
1961 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
1962 | |
---|
1963 | |
---|
1964 | legitimate requests are not required to contain a Referer header |
---|
1965 | field. |
---|
1966 | |
---|
1967 | If the Effective Request URI was obtained from a source that does not |
---|
1968 | have its own URI (e.g., input from the user keyboard), the Referer |
---|
1969 | field MUST either be sent with the value "about:blank", or not be |
---|
1970 | sent at all. Note that this requirement does not apply to sources |
---|
1971 | with non-HTTP URIs (e.g., FTP). |
---|
1972 | |
---|
1973 | Referer = "Referer" ":" OWS Referer-v |
---|
1974 | Referer-v = absolute-URI / partial-URI |
---|
1975 | |
---|
1976 | Example: |
---|
1977 | |
---|
1978 | Referer: http://www.example.org/hypertext/Overview.html |
---|
1979 | |
---|
1980 | If the field value is a relative URI, it SHOULD be interpreted |
---|
1981 | relative to the Effective Request URI. The URI MUST NOT include a |
---|
1982 | fragment. See Section 11.2 for security considerations. |
---|
1983 | |
---|
1984 | 9.7. Retry-After |
---|
1985 | |
---|
1986 | The response-header "Retry-After" field can be used with a 503 |
---|
1987 | (Service Unavailable) response to indicate how long the service is |
---|
1988 | expected to be unavailable to the requesting client. This field MAY |
---|
1989 | also be used with any 3xx (Redirection) response to indicate the |
---|
1990 | minimum time the user-agent is asked wait before issuing the |
---|
1991 | redirected request. |
---|
1992 | |
---|
1993 | The value of this field can be either an HTTP-date or an integer |
---|
1994 | number of seconds (in decimal) after the time of the response. |
---|
1995 | |
---|
1996 | Retry-After = "Retry-After" ":" OWS Retry-After-v |
---|
1997 | Retry-After-v = HTTP-date / delta-seconds |
---|
1998 | |
---|
1999 | Time spans are non-negative decimal integers, representing time in |
---|
2000 | seconds. |
---|
2001 | |
---|
2002 | delta-seconds = 1*DIGIT |
---|
2003 | |
---|
2004 | Two examples of its use are |
---|
2005 | |
---|
2006 | Retry-After: Fri, 31 Dec 1999 23:59:59 GMT |
---|
2007 | Retry-After: 120 |
---|
2008 | |
---|
2009 | In the latter example, the delay is 2 minutes. |
---|
2010 | |
---|
2011 | |
---|
2012 | |
---|
2013 | |
---|
2014 | |
---|
2015 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 36] |
---|
2016 | |
---|
2017 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2018 | |
---|
2019 | |
---|
2020 | 9.8. Server |
---|
2021 | |
---|
2022 | The "Server" response-header field contains information about the |
---|
2023 | software used by the origin server to handle the request. |
---|
2024 | |
---|
2025 | The field can contain multiple product tokens (Section 6.3 of |
---|
2026 | [Part1]) and comments (Section 3.2 of [Part1]) identifying the server |
---|
2027 | and any significant subproducts. The product tokens are listed in |
---|
2028 | order of their significance for identifying the application. |
---|
2029 | |
---|
2030 | Server = "Server" ":" OWS Server-v |
---|
2031 | Server-v = product |
---|
2032 | *( RWS ( product / comment ) ) |
---|
2033 | |
---|
2034 | Example: |
---|
2035 | |
---|
2036 | Server: CERN/3.0 libwww/2.17 |
---|
2037 | |
---|
2038 | If the response is being forwarded through a proxy, the proxy |
---|
2039 | application MUST NOT modify the Server response-header. Instead, it |
---|
2040 | MUST include a Via field (as described in Section 9.9 of [Part1]). |
---|
2041 | |
---|
2042 | Note: Revealing the specific software version of the server might |
---|
2043 | allow the server machine to become more vulnerable to attacks |
---|
2044 | against software that is known to contain security holes. Server |
---|
2045 | implementors are encouraged to make this field a configurable |
---|
2046 | option. |
---|
2047 | |
---|
2048 | 9.9. User-Agent |
---|
2049 | |
---|
2050 | The "User-Agent" request-header field contains information about the |
---|
2051 | user agent originating the request. This is for statistical |
---|
2052 | purposes, the tracing of protocol violations, and automated |
---|
2053 | recognition of user agents for the sake of tailoring responses to |
---|
2054 | avoid particular user agent limitations. |
---|
2055 | |
---|
2056 | User agents SHOULD include this field with requests. The field can |
---|
2057 | contain multiple product tokens (Section 6.3 of [Part1]) and comments |
---|
2058 | (Section 3.2 of [Part1]) identifying the agent and any subproducts |
---|
2059 | which form a significant part of the user agent. By convention, the |
---|
2060 | product tokens are listed in order of their significance for |
---|
2061 | identifying the application. |
---|
2062 | |
---|
2063 | User-Agent = "User-Agent" ":" OWS User-Agent-v |
---|
2064 | User-Agent-v = product |
---|
2065 | *( RWS ( product / comment ) ) |
---|
2066 | |
---|
2067 | Example: |
---|
2068 | |
---|
2069 | |
---|
2070 | |
---|
2071 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 37] |
---|
2072 | |
---|
2073 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2074 | |
---|
2075 | |
---|
2076 | User-Agent: CERN-LineMode/2.15 libwww/2.17b3 |
---|
2077 | |
---|
2078 | 10. IANA Considerations |
---|
2079 | |
---|
2080 | 10.1. Method Registry |
---|
2081 | |
---|
2082 | The registration procedure for HTTP Methods is defined by Section 2.1 |
---|
2083 | of this document. |
---|
2084 | |
---|
2085 | The HTTP Method Registry should be created at |
---|
2086 | <http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-methods> and be populated with |
---|
2087 | the registrations below: |
---|
2088 | |
---|
2089 | +---------+------+-------------+ |
---|
2090 | | Method | Safe | Reference | |
---|
2091 | +---------+------+-------------+ |
---|
2092 | | CONNECT | no | Section 7.9 | |
---|
2093 | | DELETE | no | Section 7.7 | |
---|
2094 | | GET | yes | Section 7.3 | |
---|
2095 | | HEAD | yes | Section 7.4 | |
---|
2096 | | OPTIONS | yes | Section 7.2 | |
---|
2097 | | POST | no | Section 7.5 | |
---|
2098 | | PUT | no | Section 7.6 | |
---|
2099 | | TRACE | yes | Section 7.8 | |
---|
2100 | +---------+------+-------------+ |
---|
2101 | |
---|
2102 | 10.2. Status Code Registry |
---|
2103 | |
---|
2104 | The registration procedure for HTTP Status Codes -- previously |
---|
2105 | defined in Section 7.1 of [RFC2817] -- is now defined by Section 4.1 |
---|
2106 | of this document. |
---|
2107 | |
---|
2108 | The HTTP Status Code Registry located at |
---|
2109 | <http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes> should be updated |
---|
2110 | with the registrations below: |
---|
2111 | |
---|
2112 | |
---|
2113 | |
---|
2114 | |
---|
2115 | |
---|
2116 | |
---|
2117 | |
---|
2118 | |
---|
2119 | |
---|
2120 | |
---|
2121 | |
---|
2122 | |
---|
2123 | |
---|
2124 | |
---|
2125 | |
---|
2126 | |
---|
2127 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 38] |
---|
2128 | |
---|
2129 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2130 | |
---|
2131 | |
---|
2132 | +-------+-------------------------------+----------------+ |
---|
2133 | | Value | Description | Reference | |
---|
2134 | +-------+-------------------------------+----------------+ |
---|
2135 | | 100 | Continue | Section 8.1.1 | |
---|
2136 | | 101 | Switching Protocols | Section 8.1.2 | |
---|
2137 | | 200 | OK | Section 8.2.1 | |
---|
2138 | | 201 | Created | Section 8.2.2 | |
---|
2139 | | 202 | Accepted | Section 8.2.3 | |
---|
2140 | | 203 | Non-Authoritative Information | Section 8.2.4 | |
---|
2141 | | 204 | No Content | Section 8.2.5 | |
---|
2142 | | 205 | Reset Content | Section 8.2.6 | |
---|
2143 | | 300 | Multiple Choices | Section 8.3.1 | |
---|
2144 | | 301 | Moved Permanently | Section 8.3.2 | |
---|
2145 | | 302 | Found | Section 8.3.3 | |
---|
2146 | | 303 | See Other | Section 8.3.4 | |
---|
2147 | | 305 | Use Proxy | Section 8.3.6 | |
---|
2148 | | 306 | (Unused) | Section 8.3.7 | |
---|
2149 | | 307 | Temporary Redirect | Section 8.3.8 | |
---|
2150 | | 400 | Bad Request | Section 8.4.1 | |
---|
2151 | | 402 | Payment Required | Section 8.4.3 | |
---|
2152 | | 403 | Forbidden | Section 8.4.4 | |
---|
2153 | | 404 | Not Found | Section 8.4.5 | |
---|
2154 | | 405 | Method Not Allowed | Section 8.4.6 | |
---|
2155 | | 406 | Not Acceptable | Section 8.4.7 | |
---|
2156 | | 407 | Proxy Authentication Required | Section 8.4.8 | |
---|
2157 | | 408 | Request Timeout | Section 8.4.9 | |
---|
2158 | | 409 | Conflict | Section 8.4.10 | |
---|
2159 | | 410 | Gone | Section 8.4.11 | |
---|
2160 | | 411 | Length Required | Section 8.4.12 | |
---|
2161 | | 413 | Request Entity Too Large | Section 8.4.14 | |
---|
2162 | | 414 | URI Too Long | Section 8.4.15 | |
---|
2163 | | 415 | Unsupported Media Type | Section 8.4.16 | |
---|
2164 | | 417 | Expectation Failed | Section 8.4.18 | |
---|
2165 | | 500 | Internal Server Error | Section 8.5.1 | |
---|
2166 | | 501 | Not Implemented | Section 8.5.2 | |
---|
2167 | | 502 | Bad Gateway | Section 8.5.3 | |
---|
2168 | | 503 | Service Unavailable | Section 8.5.4 | |
---|
2169 | | 504 | Gateway Timeout | Section 8.5.5 | |
---|
2170 | | 505 | HTTP Version Not Supported | Section 8.5.6 | |
---|
2171 | +-------+-------------------------------+----------------+ |
---|
2172 | |
---|
2173 | 10.3. Message Header Registration |
---|
2174 | |
---|
2175 | The Message Header Registry located at <http://www.iana.org/ |
---|
2176 | assignments/message-headers/message-header-index.html> should be |
---|
2177 | updated with the permanent registrations below (see [RFC3864]): |
---|
2178 | |
---|
2179 | |
---|
2180 | |
---|
2181 | |
---|
2182 | |
---|
2183 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 39] |
---|
2184 | |
---|
2185 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2186 | |
---|
2187 | |
---|
2188 | +-------------------+----------+----------+-------------+ |
---|
2189 | | Header Field Name | Protocol | Status | Reference | |
---|
2190 | +-------------------+----------+----------+-------------+ |
---|
2191 | | Allow | http | standard | Section 9.1 | |
---|
2192 | | Expect | http | standard | Section 9.2 | |
---|
2193 | | From | http | standard | Section 9.3 | |
---|
2194 | | Location | http | standard | Section 9.4 | |
---|
2195 | | Max-Forwards | http | standard | Section 9.5 | |
---|
2196 | | Referer | http | standard | Section 9.6 | |
---|
2197 | | Retry-After | http | standard | Section 9.7 | |
---|
2198 | | Server | http | standard | Section 9.8 | |
---|
2199 | | User-Agent | http | standard | Section 9.9 | |
---|
2200 | +-------------------+----------+----------+-------------+ |
---|
2201 | |
---|
2202 | The change controller is: "IETF (iesg@ietf.org) - Internet |
---|
2203 | Engineering Task Force". |
---|
2204 | |
---|
2205 | 11. Security Considerations |
---|
2206 | |
---|
2207 | This section is meant to inform application developers, information |
---|
2208 | providers, and users of the security limitations in HTTP/1.1 as |
---|
2209 | described by this document. The discussion does not include |
---|
2210 | definitive solutions to the problems revealed, though it does make |
---|
2211 | some suggestions for reducing security risks. |
---|
2212 | |
---|
2213 | 11.1. Transfer of Sensitive Information |
---|
2214 | |
---|
2215 | Like any generic data transfer protocol, HTTP cannot regulate the |
---|
2216 | content of the data that is transferred, nor is there any a priori |
---|
2217 | method of determining the sensitivity of any particular piece of |
---|
2218 | information within the context of any given request. Therefore, |
---|
2219 | applications SHOULD supply as much control over this information as |
---|
2220 | possible to the provider of that information. Four header fields are |
---|
2221 | worth special mention in this context: Server, Via, Referer and From. |
---|
2222 | |
---|
2223 | Revealing the specific software version of the server might allow the |
---|
2224 | server machine to become more vulnerable to attacks against software |
---|
2225 | that is known to contain security holes. Implementors SHOULD make |
---|
2226 | the Server header field a configurable option. |
---|
2227 | |
---|
2228 | Proxies which serve as a portal through a network firewall SHOULD |
---|
2229 | take special precautions regarding the transfer of header information |
---|
2230 | that identifies the hosts behind the firewall. In particular, they |
---|
2231 | SHOULD remove, or replace with sanitized versions, any Via fields |
---|
2232 | generated behind the firewall. |
---|
2233 | |
---|
2234 | The Referer header allows reading patterns to be studied and reverse |
---|
2235 | links drawn. Although it can be very useful, its power can be abused |
---|
2236 | |
---|
2237 | |
---|
2238 | |
---|
2239 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 40] |
---|
2240 | |
---|
2241 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2242 | |
---|
2243 | |
---|
2244 | if user details are not separated from the information contained in |
---|
2245 | the Referer. Even when the personal information has been removed, |
---|
2246 | the Referer header might indicate a private document's URI whose |
---|
2247 | publication would be inappropriate. |
---|
2248 | |
---|
2249 | The information sent in the From field might conflict with the user's |
---|
2250 | privacy interests or their site's security policy, and hence it |
---|
2251 | SHOULD NOT be transmitted without the user being able to disable, |
---|
2252 | enable, and modify the contents of the field. The user MUST be able |
---|
2253 | to set the contents of this field within a user preference or |
---|
2254 | application defaults configuration. |
---|
2255 | |
---|
2256 | We suggest, though do not require, that a convenient toggle interface |
---|
2257 | be provided for the user to enable or disable the sending of From and |
---|
2258 | Referer information. |
---|
2259 | |
---|
2260 | The User-Agent (Section 9.9) or Server (Section 9.8) header fields |
---|
2261 | can sometimes be used to determine that a specific client or server |
---|
2262 | have a particular security hole which might be exploited. |
---|
2263 | Unfortunately, this same information is often used for other valuable |
---|
2264 | purposes for which HTTP currently has no better mechanism. |
---|
2265 | |
---|
2266 | Some methods, like TRACE (Section 7.8) may expose information sent in |
---|
2267 | request headers in the response entity. Clients SHOULD be careful |
---|
2268 | with sensitive information, like Cookies, Authorization credentials |
---|
2269 | and other headers that might be used to collect data from the client. |
---|
2270 | |
---|
2271 | 11.2. Encoding Sensitive Information in URIs |
---|
2272 | |
---|
2273 | Because the source of a link might be private information or might |
---|
2274 | reveal an otherwise private information source, it is strongly |
---|
2275 | recommended that the user be able to select whether or not the |
---|
2276 | Referer field is sent. For example, a browser client could have a |
---|
2277 | toggle switch for browsing openly/anonymously, which would |
---|
2278 | respectively enable/disable the sending of Referer and From |
---|
2279 | information. |
---|
2280 | |
---|
2281 | Clients SHOULD NOT include a Referer header field in a (non-secure) |
---|
2282 | HTTP request if the referring page was transferred with a secure |
---|
2283 | protocol. |
---|
2284 | |
---|
2285 | Authors of services should not use GET-based forms for the submission |
---|
2286 | of sensitive data because that data will be encoded in the request- |
---|
2287 | target. Many existing servers, proxies, and user agents log or |
---|
2288 | display the request-target in places where it might be visible to |
---|
2289 | third parties. Such services can use POST-based form submission |
---|
2290 | instead. |
---|
2291 | |
---|
2292 | |
---|
2293 | |
---|
2294 | |
---|
2295 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 41] |
---|
2296 | |
---|
2297 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2298 | |
---|
2299 | |
---|
2300 | 11.3. Location Headers and Spoofing |
---|
2301 | |
---|
2302 | If a single server supports multiple organizations that do not trust |
---|
2303 | one another, then it MUST check the values of Location and Content- |
---|
2304 | Location headers in responses that are generated under control of |
---|
2305 | said organizations to make sure that they do not attempt to |
---|
2306 | invalidate resources over which they have no authority. |
---|
2307 | |
---|
2308 | 12. Acknowledgments |
---|
2309 | |
---|
2310 | 13. References |
---|
2311 | |
---|
2312 | 13.1. Normative References |
---|
2313 | |
---|
2314 | [Part1] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., |
---|
2315 | Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed., |
---|
2316 | and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 1: URIs, Connections, |
---|
2317 | and Message Parsing", draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-10 |
---|
2318 | (work in progress), July 2010. |
---|
2319 | |
---|
2320 | [Part3] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., |
---|
2321 | Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed., |
---|
2322 | and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 3: Message Payload |
---|
2323 | and Content Negotiation", draft-ietf-httpbis-p3-payload-10 |
---|
2324 | (work in progress), July 2010. |
---|
2325 | |
---|
2326 | [Part4] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., |
---|
2327 | Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed., |
---|
2328 | and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 4: Conditional |
---|
2329 | Requests", draft-ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional-10 (work in |
---|
2330 | progress), July 2010. |
---|
2331 | |
---|
2332 | [Part5] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., |
---|
2333 | Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed., |
---|
2334 | and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 5: Range Requests and |
---|
2335 | Partial Responses", draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-10 (work |
---|
2336 | in progress), July 2010. |
---|
2337 | |
---|
2338 | [Part6] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., |
---|
2339 | Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed., |
---|
2340 | Nottingham, M., Ed., and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part |
---|
2341 | 6: Caching", draft-ietf-httpbis-p6-cache-10 (work in |
---|
2342 | progress), July 2010. |
---|
2343 | |
---|
2344 | [Part7] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., |
---|
2345 | Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed., |
---|
2346 | and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 7: Authentication", |
---|
2347 | draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-10 (work in progress), |
---|
2348 | |
---|
2349 | |
---|
2350 | |
---|
2351 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 42] |
---|
2352 | |
---|
2353 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2354 | |
---|
2355 | |
---|
2356 | July 2010. |
---|
2357 | |
---|
2358 | [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate |
---|
2359 | Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. |
---|
2360 | |
---|
2361 | [RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform |
---|
2362 | Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", RFC 3986, |
---|
2363 | STD 66, January 2005. |
---|
2364 | |
---|
2365 | [RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax |
---|
2366 | Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008. |
---|
2367 | |
---|
2368 | 13.2. Informative References |
---|
2369 | |
---|
2370 | [RFC1945] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and H. Nielsen, "Hypertext |
---|
2371 | Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.0", RFC 1945, May 1996. |
---|
2372 | |
---|
2373 | [RFC2068] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Nielsen, H., and T. |
---|
2374 | Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", |
---|
2375 | RFC 2068, January 1997. |
---|
2376 | |
---|
2377 | [RFC2616] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., |
---|
2378 | Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext |
---|
2379 | Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999. |
---|
2380 | |
---|
2381 | [RFC2817] Khare, R. and S. Lawrence, "Upgrading to TLS Within |
---|
2382 | HTTP/1.1", RFC 2817, May 2000. |
---|
2383 | |
---|
2384 | [RFC3864] Klyne, G., Nottingham, M., and J. Mogul, "Registration |
---|
2385 | Procedures for Message Header Fields", BCP 90, RFC 3864, |
---|
2386 | September 2004. |
---|
2387 | |
---|
2388 | [RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an |
---|
2389 | IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, |
---|
2390 | May 2008. |
---|
2391 | |
---|
2392 | [RFC5322] Resnick, P., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322, |
---|
2393 | October 2008. |
---|
2394 | |
---|
2395 | Appendix A. Compatibility with Previous Versions |
---|
2396 | |
---|
2397 | A.1. Changes from RFC 2068 |
---|
2398 | |
---|
2399 | Clarified which error code should be used for inbound server failures |
---|
2400 | (e.g., DNS failures). (Section 8.5.5). |
---|
2401 | |
---|
2402 | 201 (Created) had a race that required an Etag be sent when a |
---|
2403 | resource is first created. (Section 8.2.2). |
---|
2404 | |
---|
2405 | |
---|
2406 | |
---|
2407 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 43] |
---|
2408 | |
---|
2409 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2410 | |
---|
2411 | |
---|
2412 | 303 (See Also) and 307 (Temporary Redirect) added to address user |
---|
2413 | agent failure to implement status code 302 properly. (Section 8.3.4 |
---|
2414 | and 8.3.8) |
---|
2415 | |
---|
2416 | Rewrite of message transmission requirements to make it much harder |
---|
2417 | for implementors to get it wrong, as the consequences of errors here |
---|
2418 | can have significant impact on the Internet, and to deal with the |
---|
2419 | following problems: |
---|
2420 | |
---|
2421 | 1. Changing "HTTP/1.1 or later" to "HTTP/1.1", in contexts where |
---|
2422 | this was incorrectly placing a requirement on the behavior of an |
---|
2423 | implementation of a future version of HTTP/1.x |
---|
2424 | |
---|
2425 | 2. Made it clear that user-agents should retry requests, not |
---|
2426 | "clients" in general. |
---|
2427 | |
---|
2428 | 3. Converted requirements for clients to ignore unexpected 100 |
---|
2429 | (Continue) responses, and for proxies to forward 100 responses, |
---|
2430 | into a general requirement for 1xx responses. |
---|
2431 | |
---|
2432 | 4. Modified some TCP-specific language, to make it clearer that non- |
---|
2433 | TCP transports are possible for HTTP. |
---|
2434 | |
---|
2435 | 5. Require that the origin server MUST NOT wait for the request body |
---|
2436 | before it sends a required 100 (Continue) response. |
---|
2437 | |
---|
2438 | 6. Allow, rather than require, a server to omit 100 (Continue) if it |
---|
2439 | has already seen some of the request body. |
---|
2440 | |
---|
2441 | 7. Allow servers to defend against denial-of-service attacks and |
---|
2442 | broken clients. |
---|
2443 | |
---|
2444 | This change adds the Expect header and 417 status code. |
---|
2445 | |
---|
2446 | Clean up confusion between 403 and 404 responses. (Section 8.4.4, |
---|
2447 | 8.4.5, and 8.4.11) |
---|
2448 | |
---|
2449 | The PATCH, LINK, UNLINK methods were defined but not commonly |
---|
2450 | implemented in previous versions of this specification. See Section |
---|
2451 | 19.6.1 of [RFC2068]. |
---|
2452 | |
---|
2453 | A.2. Changes from RFC 2616 |
---|
2454 | |
---|
2455 | This document takes over the Status Code Registry, previously defined |
---|
2456 | in Section 7.1 of [RFC2817]. (Section 4.1) |
---|
2457 | |
---|
2458 | Clarify definition of POST. (Section 7.5) |
---|
2459 | |
---|
2460 | |
---|
2461 | |
---|
2462 | |
---|
2463 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 44] |
---|
2464 | |
---|
2465 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2466 | |
---|
2467 | |
---|
2468 | Failed to consider that there are many other request methods that are |
---|
2469 | safe to automatically redirect, and further that the user agent is |
---|
2470 | able to make that determination based on the request method |
---|
2471 | semantics. (Sections 8.3.2, 8.3.3 and 8.3.8) |
---|
2472 | |
---|
2473 | Deprecate 305 Use Proxy status code, because user agents did not |
---|
2474 | implement it. It used to indicate that the requested resource must |
---|
2475 | be accessed through the proxy given by the Location field. The |
---|
2476 | Location field gave the URI of the proxy. The recipient was expected |
---|
2477 | to repeat this single request via the proxy. (Section 8.3.6) |
---|
2478 | |
---|
2479 | Reclassify Allow header as response header, removing the option to |
---|
2480 | specify it in a PUT request. Relax the server requirement on the |
---|
2481 | contents of the Allow header and remove requirement on clients to |
---|
2482 | always trust the header value. (Section 9.1) |
---|
2483 | |
---|
2484 | Correct syntax of Location header to allow URI references (including |
---|
2485 | relative references and fragments), as referred symbol "absoluteURI" |
---|
2486 | wasn't what was expected, and add some clarifications as to when use |
---|
2487 | of fragments would not be appropriate. (Section 9.4) |
---|
2488 | |
---|
2489 | Allow Referer value of "about:blank" as alternative to not specifying |
---|
2490 | it. (Section 9.6) |
---|
2491 | |
---|
2492 | In the description of the Server header, the Via field was described |
---|
2493 | as a SHOULD. The requirement was and is stated correctly in the |
---|
2494 | description of the Via header in Section 9.9 of [Part1]. |
---|
2495 | (Section 9.8) |
---|
2496 | |
---|
2497 | Appendix B. Collected ABNF |
---|
2498 | |
---|
2499 | Accept = <Accept, defined in [Part3], Section 5.1> |
---|
2500 | Accept-Charset = <Accept-Charset, defined in [Part3], Section 5.2> |
---|
2501 | Accept-Encoding = <Accept-Encoding, defined in [Part3], Section 5.3> |
---|
2502 | Accept-Language = <Accept-Language, defined in [Part3], Section 5.4> |
---|
2503 | Accept-Ranges = <Accept-Ranges, defined in [Part5], Section 5.1> |
---|
2504 | Age = <Age, defined in [Part6], Section 3.1> |
---|
2505 | Allow = "Allow:" OWS Allow-v |
---|
2506 | Allow-v = [ ( "," / Method ) *( OWS "," [ OWS Method ] ) ] |
---|
2507 | Authorization = <Authorization, defined in [Part7], Section 3.1> |
---|
2508 | |
---|
2509 | ETag = <ETag, defined in [Part4], Section 6.1> |
---|
2510 | Expect = "Expect:" OWS Expect-v |
---|
2511 | Expect-v = *( "," OWS ) expectation *( OWS "," [ OWS expectation ] ) |
---|
2512 | |
---|
2513 | From = "From:" OWS From-v |
---|
2514 | From-v = mailbox |
---|
2515 | |
---|
2516 | |
---|
2517 | |
---|
2518 | |
---|
2519 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 45] |
---|
2520 | |
---|
2521 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2522 | |
---|
2523 | |
---|
2524 | HTTP-date = <HTTP-date, defined in [Part1], Section 6.1> |
---|
2525 | Host = <Host, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6> |
---|
2526 | |
---|
2527 | If-Match = <If-Match, defined in [Part4], Section 6.2> |
---|
2528 | If-Modified-Since = |
---|
2529 | <If-Modified-Since, defined in [Part4], Section 6.3> |
---|
2530 | If-None-Match = <If-None-Match, defined in [Part4], Section 6.4> |
---|
2531 | If-Range = <If-Range, defined in [Part5], Section 5.3> |
---|
2532 | If-Unmodified-Since = |
---|
2533 | <If-Unmodified-Since, defined in [Part4], Section 6.5> |
---|
2534 | |
---|
2535 | Location = "Location:" OWS Location-v |
---|
2536 | Location-v = URI-reference |
---|
2537 | |
---|
2538 | Max-Forwards = "Max-Forwards:" OWS Max-Forwards-v |
---|
2539 | Max-Forwards-v = 1*DIGIT |
---|
2540 | Method = %x4F.50.54.49.4F.4E.53 ; OPTIONS |
---|
2541 | / %x47.45.54 ; GET |
---|
2542 | / %x48.45.41.44 ; HEAD |
---|
2543 | / %x50.4F.53.54 ; POST |
---|
2544 | / %x50.55.54 ; PUT |
---|
2545 | / %x44.45.4C.45.54.45 ; DELETE |
---|
2546 | / %x54.52.41.43.45 ; TRACE |
---|
2547 | / %x43.4F.4E.4E.45.43.54 ; CONNECT |
---|
2548 | / extension-method |
---|
2549 | |
---|
2550 | OWS = <OWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> |
---|
2551 | |
---|
2552 | Proxy-Authenticate = |
---|
2553 | <Proxy-Authenticate, defined in [Part7], Section 3.2> |
---|
2554 | Proxy-Authorization = |
---|
2555 | <Proxy-Authorization, defined in [Part7], Section 3.3> |
---|
2556 | |
---|
2557 | RWS = <RWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> |
---|
2558 | Range = <Range, defined in [Part5], Section 5.4> |
---|
2559 | Reason-Phrase = *( WSP / VCHAR / obs-text ) |
---|
2560 | Referer = "Referer:" OWS Referer-v |
---|
2561 | Referer-v = absolute-URI / partial-URI |
---|
2562 | Retry-After = "Retry-After:" OWS Retry-After-v |
---|
2563 | Retry-After-v = HTTP-date / delta-seconds |
---|
2564 | |
---|
2565 | Server = "Server:" OWS Server-v |
---|
2566 | Server-v = product *( RWS ( product / comment ) ) |
---|
2567 | |
---|
2568 | |
---|
2569 | |
---|
2570 | |
---|
2571 | |
---|
2572 | |
---|
2573 | |
---|
2574 | |
---|
2575 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 46] |
---|
2576 | |
---|
2577 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2578 | |
---|
2579 | |
---|
2580 | Status-Code = "100" / "101" / "200" / "201" / "202" / "203" / "204" / |
---|
2581 | "205" / "206" / "300" / "301" / "302" / "303" / "304" / "305" / |
---|
2582 | "307" / "400" / "401" / "402" / "403" / "404" / "405" / "406" / |
---|
2583 | "407" / "408" / "409" / "410" / "411" / "412" / "413" / "414" / |
---|
2584 | "415" / "416" / "417" / "500" / "501" / "502" / "503" / "504" / |
---|
2585 | "505" / extension-code |
---|
2586 | |
---|
2587 | TE = <TE, defined in [Part1], Section 9.5> |
---|
2588 | |
---|
2589 | URI-reference = <URI-reference, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6> |
---|
2590 | User-Agent = "User-Agent:" OWS User-Agent-v |
---|
2591 | User-Agent-v = product *( RWS ( product / comment ) ) |
---|
2592 | |
---|
2593 | Vary = <Vary, defined in [Part6], Section 3.5> |
---|
2594 | |
---|
2595 | WWW-Authenticate = |
---|
2596 | <WWW-Authenticate, defined in [Part7], Section 3.4> |
---|
2597 | |
---|
2598 | absolute-URI = <absolute-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6> |
---|
2599 | |
---|
2600 | comment = <comment, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2> |
---|
2601 | |
---|
2602 | delta-seconds = 1*DIGIT |
---|
2603 | |
---|
2604 | expect-params = ";" token [ "=" ( token / quoted-string ) ] |
---|
2605 | expectation = "100-continue" / expectation-extension |
---|
2606 | expectation-extension = token [ "=" ( token / quoted-string ) |
---|
2607 | *expect-params ] |
---|
2608 | extension-code = 3DIGIT |
---|
2609 | extension-method = token |
---|
2610 | |
---|
2611 | mailbox = <mailbox, defined in [RFC5322], Section 3.4> |
---|
2612 | |
---|
2613 | obs-text = <obs-text, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> |
---|
2614 | |
---|
2615 | partial-URI = <partial-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6> |
---|
2616 | product = <product, defined in [Part1], Section 6.3> |
---|
2617 | |
---|
2618 | quoted-string = <quoted-string, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> |
---|
2619 | |
---|
2620 | request-header = Accept / Accept-Charset / Accept-Encoding / |
---|
2621 | Accept-Language / Authorization / Expect / From / Host / If-Match / |
---|
2622 | If-Modified-Since / If-None-Match / If-Range / If-Unmodified-Since / |
---|
2623 | Max-Forwards / Proxy-Authorization / Range / Referer / TE / |
---|
2624 | User-Agent |
---|
2625 | response-header = Accept-Ranges / Age / Allow / ETag / Location / |
---|
2626 | Proxy-Authenticate / Retry-After / Server / Vary / WWW-Authenticate |
---|
2627 | |
---|
2628 | |
---|
2629 | |
---|
2630 | |
---|
2631 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 47] |
---|
2632 | |
---|
2633 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2634 | |
---|
2635 | |
---|
2636 | token = <token, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> |
---|
2637 | |
---|
2638 | ABNF diagnostics: |
---|
2639 | |
---|
2640 | ; Reason-Phrase defined but not used |
---|
2641 | ; Status-Code defined but not used |
---|
2642 | ; request-header defined but not used |
---|
2643 | ; response-header defined but not used |
---|
2644 | |
---|
2645 | Appendix C. Change Log (to be removed by RFC Editor before publication) |
---|
2646 | |
---|
2647 | C.1. Since RFC2616 |
---|
2648 | |
---|
2649 | Extracted relevant partitions from [RFC2616]. |
---|
2650 | |
---|
2651 | C.2. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-00 |
---|
2652 | |
---|
2653 | Closed issues: |
---|
2654 | |
---|
2655 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/5>: "Via is a MUST" |
---|
2656 | (<http://purl.org/NET/http-errata#via-must>) |
---|
2657 | |
---|
2658 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/6>: "Fragments |
---|
2659 | allowed in Location" |
---|
2660 | (<http://purl.org/NET/http-errata#location-fragments>) |
---|
2661 | |
---|
2662 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/10>: "Safe Methods |
---|
2663 | vs Redirection" (<http://purl.org/NET/http-errata#saferedirect>) |
---|
2664 | |
---|
2665 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/17>: "Revise |
---|
2666 | description of the POST method" |
---|
2667 | (<http://purl.org/NET/http-errata#post>) |
---|
2668 | |
---|
2669 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/35>: "Normative and |
---|
2670 | Informative references" |
---|
2671 | |
---|
2672 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/42>: "RFC2606 |
---|
2673 | Compliance" |
---|
2674 | |
---|
2675 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/65>: "Informative |
---|
2676 | references" |
---|
2677 | |
---|
2678 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/84>: "Redundant |
---|
2679 | cross-references" |
---|
2680 | |
---|
2681 | Other changes: |
---|
2682 | |
---|
2683 | |
---|
2684 | |
---|
2685 | |
---|
2686 | |
---|
2687 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 48] |
---|
2688 | |
---|
2689 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2690 | |
---|
2691 | |
---|
2692 | o Move definitions of 304 and 412 condition codes to [Part4] |
---|
2693 | |
---|
2694 | C.3. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-01 |
---|
2695 | |
---|
2696 | Closed issues: |
---|
2697 | |
---|
2698 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/21>: "PUT side |
---|
2699 | effects" |
---|
2700 | |
---|
2701 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/91>: "Duplicate Host |
---|
2702 | header requirements" |
---|
2703 | |
---|
2704 | Ongoing work on ABNF conversion |
---|
2705 | (<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/36>): |
---|
2706 | |
---|
2707 | o Move "Product Tokens" section (back) into Part 1, as "token" is |
---|
2708 | used in the definition of the Upgrade header. |
---|
2709 | |
---|
2710 | o Add explicit references to BNF syntax and rules imported from |
---|
2711 | other parts of the specification. |
---|
2712 | |
---|
2713 | o Copy definition of delta-seconds from Part6 instead of referencing |
---|
2714 | it. |
---|
2715 | |
---|
2716 | C.4. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-02 |
---|
2717 | |
---|
2718 | Closed issues: |
---|
2719 | |
---|
2720 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/24>: "Requiring |
---|
2721 | Allow in 405 responses" |
---|
2722 | |
---|
2723 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/59>: "Status Code |
---|
2724 | Registry" |
---|
2725 | |
---|
2726 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/61>: "Redirection |
---|
2727 | vs. Location" |
---|
2728 | |
---|
2729 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/70>: "Cacheability |
---|
2730 | of 303 response" |
---|
2731 | |
---|
2732 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/76>: "305 Use Proxy" |
---|
2733 | |
---|
2734 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/105>: |
---|
2735 | "Classification for Allow header" |
---|
2736 | |
---|
2737 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/112>: "PUT - 'store |
---|
2738 | under' vs 'store at'" |
---|
2739 | |
---|
2740 | |
---|
2741 | |
---|
2742 | |
---|
2743 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 49] |
---|
2744 | |
---|
2745 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2746 | |
---|
2747 | |
---|
2748 | Ongoing work on IANA Message Header Registration |
---|
2749 | (<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/40>): |
---|
2750 | |
---|
2751 | o Reference RFC 3984, and update header registrations for headers |
---|
2752 | defined in this document. |
---|
2753 | |
---|
2754 | Ongoing work on ABNF conversion |
---|
2755 | (<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/36>): |
---|
2756 | |
---|
2757 | o Replace string literals when the string really is case-sensitive |
---|
2758 | (method). |
---|
2759 | |
---|
2760 | C.5. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-03 |
---|
2761 | |
---|
2762 | Closed issues: |
---|
2763 | |
---|
2764 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/98>: "OPTIONS |
---|
2765 | request bodies" |
---|
2766 | |
---|
2767 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/119>: "Description |
---|
2768 | of CONNECT should refer to RFC2817" |
---|
2769 | |
---|
2770 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/125>: "Location |
---|
2771 | Content-Location reference request/response mixup" |
---|
2772 | |
---|
2773 | Ongoing work on Method Registry |
---|
2774 | (<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/72>): |
---|
2775 | |
---|
2776 | o Added initial proposal for registration process, plus initial |
---|
2777 | content (non-HTTP/1.1 methods to be added by a separate |
---|
2778 | specification). |
---|
2779 | |
---|
2780 | C.6. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-04 |
---|
2781 | |
---|
2782 | Closed issues: |
---|
2783 | |
---|
2784 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/103>: "Content-*" |
---|
2785 | |
---|
2786 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/132>: "RFC 2822 is |
---|
2787 | updated by RFC 5322" |
---|
2788 | |
---|
2789 | Ongoing work on ABNF conversion |
---|
2790 | (<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/36>): |
---|
2791 | |
---|
2792 | o Use "/" instead of "|" for alternatives. |
---|
2793 | |
---|
2794 | o Introduce new ABNF rules for "bad" whitespace ("BWS"), optional |
---|
2795 | whitespace ("OWS") and required whitespace ("RWS"). |
---|
2796 | |
---|
2797 | |
---|
2798 | |
---|
2799 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 50] |
---|
2800 | |
---|
2801 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2802 | |
---|
2803 | |
---|
2804 | o Rewrite ABNFs to spell out whitespace rules, factor out header |
---|
2805 | value format definitions. |
---|
2806 | |
---|
2807 | C.7. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-05 |
---|
2808 | |
---|
2809 | Closed issues: |
---|
2810 | |
---|
2811 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/94>: "Reason-Phrase |
---|
2812 | BNF" |
---|
2813 | |
---|
2814 | Final work on ABNF conversion |
---|
2815 | (<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/36>): |
---|
2816 | |
---|
2817 | o Add appendix containing collected and expanded ABNF, reorganize |
---|
2818 | ABNF introduction. |
---|
2819 | |
---|
2820 | C.8. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-06 |
---|
2821 | |
---|
2822 | Closed issues: |
---|
2823 | |
---|
2824 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/144>: "Clarify when |
---|
2825 | Referer is sent" |
---|
2826 | |
---|
2827 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/164>: "status codes |
---|
2828 | vs methods" |
---|
2829 | |
---|
2830 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/170>: "Do not |
---|
2831 | require "updates" relation for specs that register status codes or |
---|
2832 | method names" |
---|
2833 | |
---|
2834 | C.9. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-07 |
---|
2835 | |
---|
2836 | Closed issues: |
---|
2837 | |
---|
2838 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/27>: "Idempotency" |
---|
2839 | |
---|
2840 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/33>: "TRACE security |
---|
2841 | considerations" |
---|
2842 | |
---|
2843 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/110>: "Clarify rules |
---|
2844 | for determining what entities a response carries" |
---|
2845 | |
---|
2846 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/140>: "update note |
---|
2847 | citing RFC 1945 and 2068" |
---|
2848 | |
---|
2849 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/182>: "update note |
---|
2850 | about redirect limit" |
---|
2851 | |
---|
2852 | |
---|
2853 | |
---|
2854 | |
---|
2855 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 51] |
---|
2856 | |
---|
2857 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2858 | |
---|
2859 | |
---|
2860 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/191>: "Location |
---|
2861 | header ABNF should use 'URI'" |
---|
2862 | |
---|
2863 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/192>: "fragments in |
---|
2864 | Location vs status 303" |
---|
2865 | |
---|
2866 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/198>: "move IANA |
---|
2867 | registrations for optional status codes" |
---|
2868 | |
---|
2869 | Partly resolved issues: |
---|
2870 | |
---|
2871 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/171>: "Are OPTIONS |
---|
2872 | and TRACE safe?" |
---|
2873 | |
---|
2874 | C.10. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-08 |
---|
2875 | |
---|
2876 | Closed issues: |
---|
2877 | |
---|
2878 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/10>: "Safe Methods |
---|
2879 | vs Redirection" (we missed the introduction to the 3xx status |
---|
2880 | codes when fixing this previously) |
---|
2881 | |
---|
2882 | C.11. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-09 |
---|
2883 | |
---|
2884 | Closed issues: |
---|
2885 | |
---|
2886 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/43>: "Fragment |
---|
2887 | combination / precedence during redirects" |
---|
2888 | |
---|
2889 | Partly resolved issues: |
---|
2890 | |
---|
2891 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/185>: "Location |
---|
2892 | header payload handling" |
---|
2893 | |
---|
2894 | o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/196>: "Term for the |
---|
2895 | requested resource's URI" |
---|
2896 | |
---|
2897 | Index |
---|
2898 | |
---|
2899 | 1 |
---|
2900 | 100 Continue (status code) 20 |
---|
2901 | 101 Switching Protocols (status code) 20 |
---|
2902 | |
---|
2903 | 2 |
---|
2904 | 200 OK (status code) 21 |
---|
2905 | 201 Created (status code) 21 |
---|
2906 | 202 Accepted (status code) 22 |
---|
2907 | 203 Non-Authoritative Information (status code) 22 |
---|
2908 | |
---|
2909 | |
---|
2910 | |
---|
2911 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 52] |
---|
2912 | |
---|
2913 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2914 | |
---|
2915 | |
---|
2916 | 204 No Content (status code) 22 |
---|
2917 | 205 Reset Content (status code) 23 |
---|
2918 | 206 Partial Content (status code) 23 |
---|
2919 | |
---|
2920 | 3 |
---|
2921 | 300 Multiple Choices (status code) 23 |
---|
2922 | 301 Moved Permanently (status code) 24 |
---|
2923 | 302 Found (status code) 24 |
---|
2924 | 303 See Other (status code) 25 |
---|
2925 | 304 Not Modified (status code) 25 |
---|
2926 | 305 Use Proxy (status code) 26 |
---|
2927 | 306 (Unused) (status code) 26 |
---|
2928 | 307 Temporary Redirect (status code) 26 |
---|
2929 | |
---|
2930 | 4 |
---|
2931 | 400 Bad Request (status code) 27 |
---|
2932 | 401 Unauthorized (status code) 27 |
---|
2933 | 402 Payment Required (status code) 27 |
---|
2934 | 403 Forbidden (status code) 27 |
---|
2935 | 404 Not Found (status code) 27 |
---|
2936 | 405 Method Not Allowed (status code) 27 |
---|
2937 | 406 Not Acceptable (status code) 28 |
---|
2938 | 407 Proxy Authentication Required (status code) 28 |
---|
2939 | 408 Request Timeout (status code) 28 |
---|
2940 | 409 Conflict (status code) 28 |
---|
2941 | 410 Gone (status code) 29 |
---|
2942 | 411 Length Required (status code) 29 |
---|
2943 | 412 Precondition Failed (status code) 29 |
---|
2944 | 413 Request Entity Too Large (status code) 29 |
---|
2945 | 414 URI Too Long (status code) 30 |
---|
2946 | 415 Unsupported Media Type (status code) 30 |
---|
2947 | 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable (status code) 30 |
---|
2948 | 417 Expectation Failed (status code) 30 |
---|
2949 | |
---|
2950 | 5 |
---|
2951 | 500 Internal Server Error (status code) 31 |
---|
2952 | 501 Not Implemented (status code) 31 |
---|
2953 | 502 Bad Gateway (status code) 31 |
---|
2954 | 503 Service Unavailable (status code) 31 |
---|
2955 | 504 Gateway Timeout (status code) 31 |
---|
2956 | 505 HTTP Version Not Supported (status code) 31 |
---|
2957 | |
---|
2958 | A |
---|
2959 | Allow header 32 |
---|
2960 | |
---|
2961 | C |
---|
2962 | CONNECT method 20 |
---|
2963 | |
---|
2964 | |
---|
2965 | |
---|
2966 | |
---|
2967 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 53] |
---|
2968 | |
---|
2969 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
2970 | |
---|
2971 | |
---|
2972 | D |
---|
2973 | DELETE method 19 |
---|
2974 | |
---|
2975 | E |
---|
2976 | Expect header 32 |
---|
2977 | |
---|
2978 | F |
---|
2979 | From header 33 |
---|
2980 | |
---|
2981 | G |
---|
2982 | GET method 16 |
---|
2983 | Grammar |
---|
2984 | Allow 32 |
---|
2985 | Allow-v 32 |
---|
2986 | delta-seconds 36 |
---|
2987 | Expect 32 |
---|
2988 | expect-params 32 |
---|
2989 | Expect-v 32 |
---|
2990 | expectation 32 |
---|
2991 | expectation-extension 32 |
---|
2992 | extension-code 11 |
---|
2993 | extension-method 8 |
---|
2994 | From 33 |
---|
2995 | From-v 33 |
---|
2996 | Location 34 |
---|
2997 | Location-v 34 |
---|
2998 | Max-Forwards 35 |
---|
2999 | Max-Forwards-v 35 |
---|
3000 | Method 8 |
---|
3001 | Reason-Phrase 11 |
---|
3002 | Referer 36 |
---|
3003 | Referer-v 36 |
---|
3004 | request-header 9 |
---|
3005 | response-header 12 |
---|
3006 | Retry-After 36 |
---|
3007 | Retry-After-v 36 |
---|
3008 | Server 37 |
---|
3009 | Server-v 37 |
---|
3010 | Status-Code 11 |
---|
3011 | User-Agent 37 |
---|
3012 | User-Agent-v 37 |
---|
3013 | |
---|
3014 | H |
---|
3015 | HEAD method 16 |
---|
3016 | Headers |
---|
3017 | Allow 32 |
---|
3018 | Expect 32 |
---|
3019 | From 33 |
---|
3020 | |
---|
3021 | |
---|
3022 | |
---|
3023 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 54] |
---|
3024 | |
---|
3025 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
3026 | |
---|
3027 | |
---|
3028 | Location 34 |
---|
3029 | Max-Forwards 35 |
---|
3030 | Referer 35 |
---|
3031 | Retry-After 36 |
---|
3032 | Server 37 |
---|
3033 | User-Agent 37 |
---|
3034 | |
---|
3035 | I |
---|
3036 | Idempotent Methods 14 |
---|
3037 | |
---|
3038 | L |
---|
3039 | LINK method 44 |
---|
3040 | Location header 34 |
---|
3041 | |
---|
3042 | M |
---|
3043 | Max-Forwards header 35 |
---|
3044 | Methods |
---|
3045 | CONNECT 20 |
---|
3046 | DELETE 19 |
---|
3047 | GET 16 |
---|
3048 | HEAD 16 |
---|
3049 | LINK 44 |
---|
3050 | OPTIONS 14 |
---|
3051 | PATCH 44 |
---|
3052 | POST 17 |
---|
3053 | PUT 17 |
---|
3054 | TRACE 19 |
---|
3055 | UNLINK 44 |
---|
3056 | |
---|
3057 | O |
---|
3058 | OPTIONS method 14 |
---|
3059 | |
---|
3060 | P |
---|
3061 | PATCH method 44 |
---|
3062 | POST method 17 |
---|
3063 | PUT method 17 |
---|
3064 | |
---|
3065 | R |
---|
3066 | Referer header 35 |
---|
3067 | Retry-After header 36 |
---|
3068 | |
---|
3069 | S |
---|
3070 | Safe Methods 14 |
---|
3071 | Server header 37 |
---|
3072 | Status Codes |
---|
3073 | 100 Continue 20 |
---|
3074 | 101 Switching Protocols 20 |
---|
3075 | 200 OK 21 |
---|
3076 | |
---|
3077 | |
---|
3078 | |
---|
3079 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 55] |
---|
3080 | |
---|
3081 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
3082 | |
---|
3083 | |
---|
3084 | 201 Created 21 |
---|
3085 | 202 Accepted 22 |
---|
3086 | 203 Non-Authoritative Information 22 |
---|
3087 | 204 No Content 22 |
---|
3088 | 205 Reset Content 23 |
---|
3089 | 206 Partial Content 23 |
---|
3090 | 300 Multiple Choices 23 |
---|
3091 | 301 Moved Permanently 24 |
---|
3092 | 302 Found 24 |
---|
3093 | 303 See Other 25 |
---|
3094 | 304 Not Modified 25 |
---|
3095 | 305 Use Proxy 26 |
---|
3096 | 306 (Unused) 26 |
---|
3097 | 307 Temporary Redirect 26 |
---|
3098 | 400 Bad Request 27 |
---|
3099 | 401 Unauthorized 27 |
---|
3100 | 402 Payment Required 27 |
---|
3101 | 403 Forbidden 27 |
---|
3102 | 404 Not Found 27 |
---|
3103 | 405 Method Not Allowed 27 |
---|
3104 | 406 Not Acceptable 28 |
---|
3105 | 407 Proxy Authentication Required 28 |
---|
3106 | 408 Request Timeout 28 |
---|
3107 | 409 Conflict 28 |
---|
3108 | 410 Gone 29 |
---|
3109 | 411 Length Required 29 |
---|
3110 | 412 Precondition Failed 29 |
---|
3111 | 413 Request Entity Too Large 29 |
---|
3112 | 414 URI Too Long 30 |
---|
3113 | 415 Unsupported Media Type 30 |
---|
3114 | 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable 30 |
---|
3115 | 417 Expectation Failed 30 |
---|
3116 | 500 Internal Server Error 31 |
---|
3117 | 501 Not Implemented 31 |
---|
3118 | 502 Bad Gateway 31 |
---|
3119 | 503 Service Unavailable 31 |
---|
3120 | 504 Gateway Timeout 31 |
---|
3121 | 505 HTTP Version Not Supported 31 |
---|
3122 | |
---|
3123 | T |
---|
3124 | TRACE method 19 |
---|
3125 | |
---|
3126 | U |
---|
3127 | UNLINK method 44 |
---|
3128 | User-Agent header 37 |
---|
3129 | |
---|
3130 | |
---|
3131 | |
---|
3132 | |
---|
3133 | |
---|
3134 | |
---|
3135 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 56] |
---|
3136 | |
---|
3137 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
3138 | |
---|
3139 | |
---|
3140 | Authors' Addresses |
---|
3141 | |
---|
3142 | Roy T. Fielding (editor) |
---|
3143 | Day Software |
---|
3144 | 23 Corporate Plaza DR, Suite 280 |
---|
3145 | Newport Beach, CA 92660 |
---|
3146 | USA |
---|
3147 | |
---|
3148 | Phone: +1-949-706-5300 |
---|
3149 | Fax: +1-949-706-5305 |
---|
3150 | EMail: fielding@gbiv.com |
---|
3151 | URI: http://roy.gbiv.com/ |
---|
3152 | |
---|
3153 | |
---|
3154 | Jim Gettys |
---|
3155 | Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs |
---|
3156 | 21 Oak Knoll Road |
---|
3157 | Carlisle, MA 01741 |
---|
3158 | USA |
---|
3159 | |
---|
3160 | EMail: jg@freedesktop.org |
---|
3161 | URI: http://gettys.wordpress.com/ |
---|
3162 | |
---|
3163 | |
---|
3164 | Jeffrey C. Mogul |
---|
3165 | Hewlett-Packard Company |
---|
3166 | HP Labs, Large Scale Systems Group |
---|
3167 | 1501 Page Mill Road, MS 1177 |
---|
3168 | Palo Alto, CA 94304 |
---|
3169 | USA |
---|
3170 | |
---|
3171 | EMail: JeffMogul@acm.org |
---|
3172 | |
---|
3173 | |
---|
3174 | Henrik Frystyk Nielsen |
---|
3175 | Microsoft Corporation |
---|
3176 | 1 Microsoft Way |
---|
3177 | Redmond, WA 98052 |
---|
3178 | USA |
---|
3179 | |
---|
3180 | EMail: henrikn@microsoft.com |
---|
3181 | |
---|
3182 | |
---|
3183 | |
---|
3184 | |
---|
3185 | |
---|
3186 | |
---|
3187 | |
---|
3188 | |
---|
3189 | |
---|
3190 | |
---|
3191 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 57] |
---|
3192 | |
---|
3193 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
3194 | |
---|
3195 | |
---|
3196 | Larry Masinter |
---|
3197 | Adobe Systems, Incorporated |
---|
3198 | 345 Park Ave |
---|
3199 | San Jose, CA 95110 |
---|
3200 | USA |
---|
3201 | |
---|
3202 | EMail: LMM@acm.org |
---|
3203 | URI: http://larry.masinter.net/ |
---|
3204 | |
---|
3205 | |
---|
3206 | Paul J. Leach |
---|
3207 | Microsoft Corporation |
---|
3208 | 1 Microsoft Way |
---|
3209 | Redmond, WA 98052 |
---|
3210 | |
---|
3211 | EMail: paulle@microsoft.com |
---|
3212 | |
---|
3213 | |
---|
3214 | Tim Berners-Lee |
---|
3215 | World Wide Web Consortium |
---|
3216 | MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory |
---|
3217 | The Stata Center, Building 32 |
---|
3218 | 32 Vassar Street |
---|
3219 | Cambridge, MA 02139 |
---|
3220 | USA |
---|
3221 | |
---|
3222 | EMail: timbl@w3.org |
---|
3223 | URI: http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ |
---|
3224 | |
---|
3225 | |
---|
3226 | Yves Lafon (editor) |
---|
3227 | World Wide Web Consortium |
---|
3228 | W3C / ERCIM |
---|
3229 | 2004, rte des Lucioles |
---|
3230 | Sophia-Antipolis, AM 06902 |
---|
3231 | France |
---|
3232 | |
---|
3233 | EMail: ylafon@w3.org |
---|
3234 | URI: http://www.raubacapeu.net/people/yves/ |
---|
3235 | |
---|
3236 | |
---|
3237 | |
---|
3238 | |
---|
3239 | |
---|
3240 | |
---|
3241 | |
---|
3242 | |
---|
3243 | |
---|
3244 | |
---|
3245 | |
---|
3246 | |
---|
3247 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 58] |
---|
3248 | |
---|
3249 | Internet-Draft HTTP/1.1, Part 2 July 2010 |
---|
3250 | |
---|
3251 | |
---|
3252 | Julian F. Reschke (editor) |
---|
3253 | greenbytes GmbH |
---|
3254 | Hafenweg 16 |
---|
3255 | Muenster, NW 48155 |
---|
3256 | Germany |
---|
3257 | |
---|
3258 | Phone: +49 251 2807760 |
---|
3259 | Fax: +49 251 2807761 |
---|
3260 | EMail: julian.reschke@greenbytes.de |
---|
3261 | URI: http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/ |
---|
3262 | |
---|
3263 | |
---|
3264 | |
---|
3265 | |
---|
3266 | |
---|
3267 | |
---|
3268 | |
---|
3269 | |
---|
3270 | |
---|
3271 | |
---|
3272 | |
---|
3273 | |
---|
3274 | |
---|
3275 | |
---|
3276 | |
---|
3277 | |
---|
3278 | |
---|
3279 | |
---|
3280 | |
---|
3281 | |
---|
3282 | |
---|
3283 | |
---|
3284 | |
---|
3285 | |
---|
3286 | |
---|
3287 | |
---|
3288 | |
---|
3289 | |
---|
3290 | |
---|
3291 | |
---|
3292 | |
---|
3293 | |
---|
3294 | |
---|
3295 | |
---|
3296 | |
---|
3297 | |
---|
3298 | |
---|
3299 | |
---|
3300 | |
---|
3301 | |
---|
3302 | |
---|
3303 | Fielding, et al. Expires January 13, 2011 [Page 59] |
---|
3304 | |
---|