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4HTTPbis Working Group                                   R. Fielding, Ed.
5Internet-Draft                                              Day Software
6Obsoletes: 2616 (if approved)                                  J. Gettys
7Updates: 2817 (if approved)                               Alcatel-Lucent
8Intended status: Standards Track                                J. Mogul
9Expires: January 13, 2011                                             HP
10                                                              H. Frystyk
11                                                               Microsoft
12                                                             L. Masinter
13                                                           Adobe Systems
14                                                                P. Leach
15                                                               Microsoft
16                                                          T. Berners-Lee
17                                                                 W3C/MIT
18                                                           Y. Lafon, Ed.
19                                                                     W3C
20                                                         J. Reschke, Ed.
21                                                              greenbytes
22                                                           July 12, 2010
23
24
25                  HTTP/1.1, part 2: Message Semantics
26                   draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-10
27
28Abstract
29
30   The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level
31   protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information
32   systems.  HTTP has been in use by the World Wide Web global
33   information initiative since 1990.  This document is Part 2 of the
34   seven-part specification that defines the protocol referred to as
35   "HTTP/1.1" and, taken together, obsoletes RFC 2616.  Part 2 defines
36   the semantics of HTTP messages as expressed by request methods,
37   request-header fields, response status codes, and response-header
38   fields.
39
40Editorial Note (To be removed by RFC Editor)
41
42   Discussion of this draft should take place on the HTTPBIS working
43   group mailing list (ietf-http-wg@w3.org).  The current issues list is
44   at <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/report/3> and related
45   documents (including fancy diffs) can be found at
46   <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/>.
47
48   The changes in this draft are summarized in Appendix C.11.
49
50Status of This Memo
51
52
53
54
55Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011                [Page 1]
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57Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
58
59
60   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
61   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
62
63   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
64   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
65   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
66   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
67
68   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
69   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
70   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
71   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
72
73   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 13, 2011.
74
75Copyright Notice
76
77   Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
78   document authors.  All rights reserved.
79
80   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
81   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
82   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
83   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
84   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
85   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
86   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
87   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
88   described in the Simplified BSD License.
89
90   This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
91   Contributions published or made publicly available before November
92   10, 2008.  The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this
93   material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
94   modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process.
95   Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
96   the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified
97   outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may
98   not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
99   it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
100   than English.
101
102Table of Contents
103
104   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
105     1.1.  Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
106     1.2.  Syntax Notation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
107       1.2.1.  Core Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
108
109
110
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115
116       1.2.2.  ABNF Rules defined in other Parts of the
117               Specification  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
118   2.  Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
119     2.1.  Method Registry  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
120   3.  Request Header Fields  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
121   4.  Status Code and Reason Phrase  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
122     4.1.  Status Code Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
123   5.  Response Header Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
124   6.  Entity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
125     6.1.  Identifying the Resource Associated with a
126           Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
127   7.  Method Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
128     7.1.  Safe and Idempotent Methods  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
129       7.1.1.  Safe Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
130       7.1.2.  Idempotent Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
131     7.2.  OPTIONS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
132     7.3.  GET  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
133     7.4.  HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
134     7.5.  POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
135     7.6.  PUT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
136     7.7.  DELETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
137     7.8.  TRACE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
138     7.9.  CONNECT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
139   8.  Status Code Definitions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
140     8.1.  Informational 1xx  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
141       8.1.1.  100 Continue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
142       8.1.2.  101 Switching Protocols  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
143     8.2.  Successful 2xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
144       8.2.1.  200 OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
145       8.2.2.  201 Created  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
146       8.2.3.  202 Accepted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
147       8.2.4.  203 Non-Authoritative Information  . . . . . . . . . . 22
148       8.2.5.  204 No Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
149       8.2.6.  205 Reset Content  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
150       8.2.7.  206 Partial Content  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
151     8.3.  Redirection 3xx  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
152       8.3.1.  300 Multiple Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
153       8.3.2.  301 Moved Permanently  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
154       8.3.3.  302 Found  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
155       8.3.4.  303 See Other  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
156       8.3.5.  304 Not Modified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
157       8.3.6.  305 Use Proxy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
158       8.3.7.  306 (Unused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
159       8.3.8.  307 Temporary Redirect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
160     8.4.  Client Error 4xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
161       8.4.1.  400 Bad Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
162       8.4.2.  401 Unauthorized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
163       8.4.3.  402 Payment Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
164
165
166
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171
172       8.4.4.  403 Forbidden  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
173       8.4.5.  404 Not Found  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
174       8.4.6.  405 Method Not Allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
175       8.4.7.  406 Not Acceptable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
176       8.4.8.  407 Proxy Authentication Required  . . . . . . . . . . 28
177       8.4.9.  408 Request Timeout  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
178       8.4.10. 409 Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
179       8.4.11. 410 Gone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
180       8.4.12. 411 Length Required  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
181       8.4.13. 412 Precondition Failed  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
182       8.4.14. 413 Request Entity Too Large . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
183       8.4.15. 414 URI Too Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
184       8.4.16. 415 Unsupported Media Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
185       8.4.17. 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable  . . . . . . . . . 30
186       8.4.18. 417 Expectation Failed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
187     8.5.  Server Error 5xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
188       8.5.1.  500 Internal Server Error  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
189       8.5.2.  501 Not Implemented  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
190       8.5.3.  502 Bad Gateway  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
191       8.5.4.  503 Service Unavailable  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
192       8.5.5.  504 Gateway Timeout  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
193       8.5.6.  505 HTTP Version Not Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
194   9.  Header Field Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
195     9.1.  Allow  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
196     9.2.  Expect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
197     9.3.  From . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
198     9.4.  Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
199     9.5.  Max-Forwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
200     9.6.  Referer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
201     9.7.  Retry-After  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
202     9.8.  Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
203     9.9.  User-Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
204   10. IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
205     10.1. Method Registry  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
206     10.2. Status Code Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
207     10.3. Message Header Registration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
208   11. Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
209     11.1. Transfer of Sensitive Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
210     11.2. Encoding Sensitive Information in URIs . . . . . . . . . . 41
211     11.3. Location Headers and Spoofing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
212   12. Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
213   13. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
214     13.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
215     13.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
216   Appendix A.  Compatibility with Previous Versions  . . . . . . . . 43
217     A.1.  Changes from RFC 2068  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
218     A.2.  Changes from RFC 2616  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
219   Appendix B.  Collected ABNF  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
220
221
222
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227
228   Appendix C.  Change Log (to be removed by RFC Editor before
229                publication)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
230     C.1.  Since RFC2616  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
231     C.2.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-00 . . . . . . . . . 48
232     C.3.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-01 . . . . . . . . . 49
233     C.4.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-02 . . . . . . . . . 49
234     C.5.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-03 . . . . . . . . . 50
235     C.6.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-04 . . . . . . . . . 50
236     C.7.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-05 . . . . . . . . . 51
237     C.8.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-06 . . . . . . . . . 51
238     C.9.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-07 . . . . . . . . . 51
239     C.10. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-08 . . . . . . . . . 52
240     C.11. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-09 . . . . . . . . . 52
241   Index  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
242
243
244
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283
2841.  Introduction
285
286   This document defines HTTP/1.1 request and response semantics.  Each
287   HTTP message, as defined in [Part1], is in the form of either a
288   request or a response.  An HTTP server listens on a connection for
289   HTTP requests and responds to each request, in the order received on
290   that connection, with one or more HTTP response messages.  This
291   document defines the commonly agreed upon semantics of the HTTP
292   uniform interface, the intentions defined by each request method, and
293   the various response messages that might be expected as a result of
294   applying that method for the requested resource.
295
296   This document is currently disorganized in order to minimize the
297   changes between drafts and enable reviewers to see the smaller errata
298   changes.  The next draft will reorganize the sections to better
299   reflect the content.  In particular, the sections will be ordered
300   according to the typical processing of an HTTP request message (after
301   message parsing): resource mapping, general header fields, methods,
302   request modifiers, response status, and resource metadata.  The
303   current mess reflects how widely dispersed these topics and
304   associated requirements had become in [RFC2616].
305
3061.1.  Requirements
307
308   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
309   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
310   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
311
312   An implementation is not compliant if it fails to satisfy one or more
313   of the "MUST" or "REQUIRED" level requirements for the protocols it
314   implements.  An implementation that satisfies all the "MUST" or
315   "REQUIRED" level and all the "SHOULD" level requirements for its
316   protocols is said to be "unconditionally compliant"; one that
317   satisfies all the "MUST" level requirements but not all the "SHOULD"
318   level requirements for its protocols is said to be "conditionally
319   compliant".
320
3211.2.  Syntax Notation
322
323   This specification uses the ABNF syntax defined in Section 1.2 of
324   [Part1] (which extends the syntax defined in [RFC5234] with a list
325   rule).  Appendix B shows the collected ABNF, with the list rule
326   expanded.
327
328   The following core rules are included by reference, as defined in
329   [RFC5234], Appendix B.1: ALPHA (letters), CR (carriage return), CRLF
330   (CR LF), CTL (controls), DIGIT (decimal 0-9), DQUOTE (double quote),
331   HEXDIG (hexadecimal 0-9/A-F/a-f), LF (line feed), OCTET (any 8-bit
332
333
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339
340   sequence of data), SP (space), VCHAR (any visible USASCII character),
341   and WSP (whitespace).
342
3431.2.1.  Core Rules
344
345   The core rules below are defined in Section 1.2.2 of [Part1]:
346
347     quoted-string = <quoted-string, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>
348     token         = <token, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>
349     OWS           = <OWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>
350     RWS           = <RWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>
351     obs-text      = <obs-text, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>
352
3531.2.2.  ABNF Rules defined in other Parts of the Specification
354
355   The ABNF rules below are defined in other parts:
356
357     absolute-URI  = <absolute-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6>
358     comment       = <comment, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2>
359     Host          = <Host, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6>
360     HTTP-date     = <HTTP-date, defined in [Part1], Section 6.1>
361     partial-URI   = <partial-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6>
362     product       = <product, defined in [Part1], Section 6.3>
363     TE            = <TE, defined in [Part1], Section 9.5>
364     URI-reference = <URI-reference, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6>
365
366
367     Accept        = <Accept, defined in [Part3], Section 5.1>
368     Accept-Charset =
369                <Accept-Charset, defined in [Part3], Section 5.2>
370     Accept-Encoding =
371                <Accept-Encoding, defined in [Part3], Section 5.3>
372     Accept-Language =
373                <Accept-Language, defined in [Part3], Section 5.4>
374
375
376     ETag          = <ETag, defined in [Part4], Section 6.1>
377     If-Match      = <If-Match, defined in [Part4], Section 6.2>
378     If-Modified-Since =
379                <If-Modified-Since, defined in [Part4], Section 6.3>
380     If-None-Match = <If-None-Match, defined in [Part4], Section 6.4>
381     If-Unmodified-Since =
382                <If-Unmodified-Since, defined in [Part4], Section 6.5>
383
384
385     Accept-Ranges = <Accept-Ranges, defined in [Part5], Section 5.1>
386     If-Range      = <If-Range, defined in [Part5], Section 5.3>
387     Range         = <Range, defined in [Part5], Section 5.4>
388
389
390
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395
396     Age           = <Age, defined in [Part6], Section 3.1>
397     Vary          = <Vary, defined in [Part6], Section 3.5>
398
399
400     Authorization = <Authorization, defined in [Part7], Section 3.1>
401     Proxy-Authenticate =
402                <Proxy-Authenticate, defined in [Part7], Section 3.2>
403     Proxy-Authorization =
404                <Proxy-Authorization, defined in [Part7], Section 3.3>
405     WWW-Authenticate =
406                <WWW-Authenticate, defined in [Part7], Section 3.4>
407
4082.  Method
409
410   The Method token indicates the method to be performed on the resource
411   identified by the Effective Request URI (Section 4.3 of [Part1]).
412   The method is case-sensitive.
413
414     Method         = %x4F.50.54.49.4F.4E.53   ; "OPTIONS", Section 7.2
415                    / %x47.45.54               ; "GET", Section 7.3
416                    / %x48.45.41.44            ; "HEAD", Section 7.4
417                    / %x50.4F.53.54            ; "POST", Section 7.5
418                    / %x50.55.54               ; "PUT", Section 7.6
419                    / %x44.45.4C.45.54.45      ; "DELETE", Section 7.7
420                    / %x54.52.41.43.45         ; "TRACE", Section 7.8
421                    / %x43.4F.4E.4E.45.43.54   ; "CONNECT", Section 7.9
422                    / extension-method
423     extension-method = token
424
425   The list of methods allowed by a resource can be specified in an
426   Allow header field (Section 9.1).  The return code of the response
427   always notifies the client whether a method is currently allowed on a
428   resource, since the set of allowed methods can change dynamically.
429   An origin server SHOULD return the status code 405 (Method Not
430   Allowed) if the method is known by the origin server but not allowed
431   for the requested resource, and 501 (Not Implemented) if the method
432   is unrecognized or not implemented by the origin server.  The methods
433   GET and HEAD MUST be supported by all general-purpose servers.  All
434   other methods are OPTIONAL; however, if the above methods are
435   implemented, they MUST be implemented with the same semantics as
436   those specified in Section 7.
437
4382.1.  Method Registry
439
440   The HTTP Method Registry defines the name space for the Method token
441   in the Request line of an HTTP request.
442
443   Registrations MUST include the following fields:
444
445
446
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451
452   o  Method Name (see Section 2)
453
454   o  Safe ("yes" or "no", see Section 7.1.1)
455
456   o  Pointer to specification text
457
458   Values to be added to this name space are subject to IETF review
459   ([RFC5226], Section 4.1).
460
461   The registry itself is maintained at
462   <http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-methods>.
463
4643.  Request Header Fields
465
466   The request-header fields allow the client to pass additional
467   information about the request, and about the client itself, to the
468   server.  These fields act as request modifiers, with semantics
469   equivalent to the parameters on a programming language method
470   invocation.
471
472     request-header = Accept                   ; [Part3], Section 5.1
473                    / Accept-Charset           ; [Part3], Section 5.2
474                    / Accept-Encoding          ; [Part3], Section 5.3
475                    / Accept-Language          ; [Part3], Section 5.4
476                    / Authorization            ; [Part7], Section 3.1
477                    / Expect                   ; Section 9.2
478                    / From                     ; Section 9.3
479                    / Host                     ; [Part1], Section 9.4
480                    / If-Match                 ; [Part4], Section 6.2
481                    / If-Modified-Since        ; [Part4], Section 6.3
482                    / If-None-Match            ; [Part4], Section 6.4
483                    / If-Range                 ; [Part5], Section 5.3
484                    / If-Unmodified-Since      ; [Part4], Section 6.5
485                    / Max-Forwards             ; Section 9.5
486                    / Proxy-Authorization      ; [Part7], Section 3.3
487                    / Range                    ; [Part5], Section 5.4
488                    / Referer                  ; Section 9.6
489                    / TE                       ; [Part1], Section 9.5
490                    / User-Agent               ; Section 9.9
491
492   Request-header field names can be extended reliably only in
493   combination with a change in the protocol version.  However, new or
494   experimental header fields MAY be given the semantics of request-
495   header fields if all parties in the communication recognize them to
496   be request-header fields.  Unrecognized header fields are treated as
497   entity-header fields.
498
499
500
501
502
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507
5084.  Status Code and Reason Phrase
509
510   The Status-Code element is a 3-digit integer result code of the
511   attempt to understand and satisfy the request.  The status codes
512   listed below are defined in Section 8, Section 3 of [Part4], Section
513   3 of [Part5], and Section 2 of [Part7].
514
515   The Reason-Phrase is intended to give a short textual description of
516   the Status-Code.  The Status-Code is intended for use by automata and
517   the Reason-Phrase is intended for the human user.  The client is not
518   required to examine or display the Reason-Phrase.
519
520   The individual values of the numeric status codes defined for
521   HTTP/1.1, and an example set of corresponding Reason-Phrase values,
522   are presented below.  The reason phrases listed here are only
523   recommendations -- they MAY be replaced by local equivalents without
524   affecting the protocol.
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
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563
564     Status-Code =
565          "100"  ; Section 8.1.1: Continue
566        / "101"  ; Section 8.1.2: Switching Protocols
567        / "200"  ; Section 8.2.1: OK
568        / "201"  ; Section 8.2.2: Created
569        / "202"  ; Section 8.2.3: Accepted
570        / "203"  ; Section 8.2.4: Non-Authoritative Information
571        / "204"  ; Section 8.2.5: No Content
572        / "205"  ; Section 8.2.6: Reset Content
573        / "206"  ; [Part5], Section 3.1: Partial Content
574        / "300"  ; Section 8.3.1: Multiple Choices
575        / "301"  ; Section 8.3.2: Moved Permanently
576        / "302"  ; Section 8.3.3: Found
577        / "303"  ; Section 8.3.4: See Other
578        / "304"  ; [Part4], Section 3.1: Not Modified
579        / "305"  ; Section 8.3.6: Use Proxy
580        / "307"  ; Section 8.3.8: Temporary Redirect
581        / "400"  ; Section 8.4.1: Bad Request
582        / "401"  ; [Part7], Section 2.1: Unauthorized
583        / "402"  ; Section 8.4.3: Payment Required
584        / "403"  ; Section 8.4.4: Forbidden
585        / "404"  ; Section 8.4.5: Not Found
586        / "405"  ; Section 8.4.6: Method Not Allowed
587        / "406"  ; Section 8.4.7: Not Acceptable
588        / "407"  ; [Part7], Section 2.2: Proxy Authentication Required
589        / "408"  ; Section 8.4.9: Request Time-out
590        / "409"  ; Section 8.4.10: Conflict
591        / "410"  ; Section 8.4.11: Gone
592        / "411"  ; Section 8.4.12: Length Required
593        / "412"  ; [Part4], Section 3.2: Precondition Failed
594        / "413"  ; Section 8.4.14: Request Entity Too Large
595        / "414"  ; Section 8.4.15: URI Too Long
596        / "415"  ; Section 8.4.16: Unsupported Media Type
597        / "416"  ; [Part5], Section 3.2: Requested range not satisfiable
598        / "417"  ; Section 8.4.18: Expectation Failed
599        / "500"  ; Section 8.5.1: Internal Server Error
600        / "501"  ; Section 8.5.2: Not Implemented
601        / "502"  ; Section 8.5.3: Bad Gateway
602        / "503"  ; Section 8.5.4: Service Unavailable
603        / "504"  ; Section 8.5.5: Gateway Time-out
604        / "505"  ; Section 8.5.6: HTTP Version not supported
605        / extension-code
606
607     extension-code = 3DIGIT
608     Reason-Phrase  = *( WSP / VCHAR / obs-text )
609
610   HTTP status codes are extensible.  HTTP applications are not required
611   to understand the meaning of all registered status codes, though such
612
613
614
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619
620   understanding is obviously desirable.  However, applications MUST
621   understand the class of any status code, as indicated by the first
622   digit, and treat any unrecognized response as being equivalent to the
623   x00 status code of that class, with the exception that an
624   unrecognized response MUST NOT be cached.  For example, if an
625   unrecognized status code of 431 is received by the client, it can
626   safely assume that there was something wrong with its request and
627   treat the response as if it had received a 400 status code.  In such
628   cases, user agents SHOULD present to the user the entity returned
629   with the response, since that entity is likely to include human-
630   readable information which will explain the unusual status.
631
6324.1.  Status Code Registry
633
634   The HTTP Status Code Registry defines the name space for the Status-
635   Code token in the Status line of an HTTP response.
636
637   Values to be added to this name space are subject to IETF review
638   ([RFC5226], Section 4.1).
639
640   The registry itself is maintained at
641   <http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes>.
642
6435.  Response Header Fields
644
645   The response-header fields allow the server to pass additional
646   information about the response which cannot be placed in the Status-
647   Line.  These header fields give information about the server and
648   about further access to the resource identified by the Effective
649   Request URI (Section 4.3 of [Part1]).
650
651     response-header = Accept-Ranges           ; [Part5], Section 5.1
652                     / Age                     ; [Part6], Section 3.1
653                     / Allow                   ; Section 9.1
654                     / ETag                    ; [Part4], Section 6.1
655                     / Location                ; Section 9.4
656                     / Proxy-Authenticate      ; [Part7], Section 3.2
657                     / Retry-After             ; Section 9.7
658                     / Server                  ; Section 9.8
659                     / Vary                    ; [Part6], Section 3.5
660                     / WWW-Authenticate        ; [Part7], Section 3.4
661
662   Response-header field names can be extended reliably only in
663   combination with a change in the protocol version.  However, new or
664   experimental header fields MAY be given the semantics of response-
665   header fields if all parties in the communication recognize them to
666   be response-header fields.  Unrecognized header fields are treated as
667   entity-header fields.
668
669
670
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675
6766.  Entity
677
678   Request and Response messages MAY transfer an entity if not otherwise
679   restricted by the request method or response status code.  An entity
680   consists of entity-header fields and an entity-body, although some
681   responses will only include the entity-headers.  HTTP entity-body and
682   entity-header fields are defined in [Part3].
683
684   An entity-body is only present in a message when a message-body is
685   present, as described in Section 3.3 of [Part1].  The entity-body is
686   obtained from the message-body by decoding any Transfer-Encoding that
687   might have been applied to ensure safe and proper transfer of the
688   message.
689
6906.1.  Identifying the Resource Associated with a Representation
691
692   It is sometimes necessary to determine the identity of the resource
693   associated with a representation.
694
695   An HTTP request representation, when present, is always associated
696   with an anonymous (i.e., unidentified) resource.
697
698   In the common case, an HTTP response is a representation of the
699   resource located at the Effective Request URI (see Section 4.3 of
700   [Part1]).  However, this is not always the case.  To determine the
701   URI of the resource a response is associated with, the following
702   rules are used (with the first applicable one being selected):
703
704   1.  If the response status code is 200 or 203 and the request method
705       was GET, the response is a representation of the resource at the
706       Effective Request URI.
707
708   2.  If the response status is 204, 206, or 304 and the request method
709       was GET or HEAD, the response is a partial representation of the
710       resource at the Effective Request URI (see Section 2.8 of
711       [Part6]).
712
713   3.  If the response has a Content-Location header, and that URI is
714       the same as the Effective Request URI, the response is a
715       representation of the resource at the Effective Request URI.
716
717   4.  If the response has a Content-Location header, and that URI is
718       not the same as the Effective Request URI, the response asserts
719       that it is a representation of the resource at the Content-
720       Location URI (but it may not be).
721
722   5.  Otherwise, the response is a representation of an anonymous
723       (i.e., unidentified) resource.
724
725
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731
732   [[TODO-req-uri: The comparison function is going to have to be
733   defined somewhere, because we already need to compare URIs for things
734   like cache invalidation.]]
735
7367.  Method Definitions
737
738   The set of common methods for HTTP/1.1 is defined below.  Although
739   this set can be expanded, additional methods cannot be assumed to
740   share the same semantics for separately extended clients and servers.
741
7427.1.  Safe and Idempotent Methods
743
7447.1.1.  Safe Methods
745
746   Implementors should be aware that the software represents the user in
747   their interactions over the Internet, and should be careful to allow
748   the user to be aware of any actions they might take which may have an
749   unexpected significance to themselves or others.
750
751   In particular, the convention has been established that the GET,
752   HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE methods SHOULD NOT have the significance of
753   taking an action other than retrieval.  These methods ought to be
754   considered "safe".  This allows user agents to represent other
755   methods, such as POST, PUT and DELETE, in a special way, so that the
756   user is made aware of the fact that a possibly unsafe action is being
757   requested.
758
759   Naturally, it is not possible to ensure that the server does not
760   generate side-effects as a result of performing a GET request; in
761   fact, some dynamic resources consider that a feature.  The important
762   distinction here is that the user did not request the side-effects,
763   so therefore cannot be held accountable for them.
764
7657.1.2.  Idempotent Methods
766
767   Methods can also have the property of "idempotence" in that, aside
768   from error or expiration issues, the intended effect of multiple
769   identical requests is the same as for a single request.  The methods
770   PUT, DELETE, and all safe methods are idempotent.  It is important to
771   note that idempotence refers only to changes requested by the client:
772   a server is free to change its state due to multiple requests for the
773   purpose of tracking those requests, versioning of results, etc.
774
7757.2.  OPTIONS
776
777   The OPTIONS method represents a request for information about the
778   communication options available on the request/response chain
779   identified by the Effective Request URI.  This method allows the
780
781
782
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787
788   client to determine the options and/or requirements associated with a
789   resource, or the capabilities of a server, without implying a
790   resource action or initiating a resource retrieval.
791
792   Responses to this method are not cacheable.
793
794   If the OPTIONS request includes an entity-body (as indicated by the
795   presence of Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding), then the media type
796   MUST be indicated by a Content-Type field.  Although this
797   specification does not define any use for such a body, future
798   extensions to HTTP might use the OPTIONS body to make more detailed
799   queries on the server.
800
801   If the request-target is an asterisk ("*"), the OPTIONS request is
802   intended to apply to the server in general rather than to a specific
803   resource.  Since a server's communication options typically depend on
804   the resource, the "*" request is only useful as a "ping" or "no-op"
805   type of method; it does nothing beyond allowing the client to test
806   the capabilities of the server.  For example, this can be used to
807   test a proxy for HTTP/1.1 compliance (or lack thereof).
808
809   If the request-target is not an asterisk, the OPTIONS request applies
810   only to the options that are available when communicating with that
811   resource.
812
813   A 200 response SHOULD include any header fields that indicate
814   optional features implemented by the server and applicable to that
815   resource (e.g., Allow), possibly including extensions not defined by
816   this specification.  The response body, if any, SHOULD also include
817   information about the communication options.  The format for such a
818   body is not defined by this specification, but might be defined by
819   future extensions to HTTP.  Content negotiation MAY be used to select
820   the appropriate response format.  If no response body is included,
821   the response MUST include a Content-Length field with a field-value
822   of "0".
823
824   The Max-Forwards request-header field MAY be used to target a
825   specific proxy in the request chain.  When a proxy receives an
826   OPTIONS request on an absolute-URI for which request forwarding is
827   permitted, the proxy MUST check for a Max-Forwards field.  If the
828   Max-Forwards field-value is zero ("0"), the proxy MUST NOT forward
829   the message; instead, the proxy SHOULD respond with its own
830   communication options.  If the Max-Forwards field-value is an integer
831   greater than zero, the proxy MUST decrement the field-value when it
832   forwards the request.  If no Max-Forwards field is present in the
833   request, then the forwarded request MUST NOT include a Max-Forwards
834   field.
835
836
837
838
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843
8447.3.  GET
845
846   The GET method means retrieve whatever information (in the form of an
847   entity) currently corresponds to the resource identified by the
848   Effective Request URI.
849
850   If the Effective Request URI identifies a data-producing process, it
851   is the produced data which shall be returned as the entity in the
852   response and not the source text of the process, unless that text
853   happens to be the output of the process.
854
855   The semantics of the GET method change to a "conditional GET" if the
856   request message includes an If-Modified-Since, If-Unmodified-Since,
857   If-Match, If-None-Match, or If-Range header field.  A conditional GET
858   method requests that the entity be transferred only under the
859   circumstances described by the conditional header field(s).  The
860   conditional GET method is intended to reduce unnecessary network
861   usage by allowing cached entities to be refreshed without requiring
862   multiple requests or transferring data already held by the client.
863
864   The semantics of the GET method change to a "partial GET" if the
865   request message includes a Range header field.  A partial GET
866   requests that only part of the entity be transferred, as described in
867   Section 5.4 of [Part5].  The partial GET method is intended to reduce
868   unnecessary network usage by allowing partially-retrieved entities to
869   be completed without transferring data already held by the client.
870
871   The response to a GET request is cacheable if and only if it meets
872   the requirements for HTTP caching described in [Part6].
873
874   See Section 11.2 for security considerations when used for forms.
875
8767.4.  HEAD
877
878   The HEAD method is identical to GET except that the server MUST NOT
879   return a message-body in the response.  The metainformation contained
880   in the HTTP headers in response to a HEAD request SHOULD be identical
881   to the information sent in response to a GET request.  This method
882   can be used for obtaining metainformation about the entity implied by
883   the request without transferring the entity-body itself.  This method
884   is often used for testing hypertext links for validity,
885   accessibility, and recent modification.
886
887   The response to a HEAD request MAY be cacheable in the sense that the
888   information contained in the response MAY be used to update a
889   previously cached entity from that resource.  If the new field values
890   indicate that the cached entity differs from the current entity (as
891   would be indicated by a change in Content-Length, Content-MD5, ETag
892
893
894
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898
899
900   or Last-Modified), then the cache MUST treat the cache entry as
901   stale.
902
9037.5.  POST
904
905   The POST method is used to request that the origin server accept the
906   entity enclosed in the request as data to be processed by the
907   resource identified by the Effective Request URI.  POST is designed
908   to allow a uniform method to cover the following functions:
909
910   o  Annotation of existing resources;
911
912   o  Posting a message to a bulletin board, newsgroup, mailing list, or
913      similar group of articles;
914
915   o  Providing a block of data, such as the result of submitting a
916      form, to a data-handling process;
917
918   o  Extending a database through an append operation.
919
920   The actual function performed by the POST method is determined by the
921   server and is usually dependent on the Effective Request URI.
922
923   The action performed by the POST method might not result in a
924   resource that can be identified by a URI.  In this case, either 200
925   (OK) or 204 (No Content) is the appropriate response status,
926   depending on whether or not the response includes an entity that
927   describes the result.
928
929   If a resource has been created on the origin server, the response
930   SHOULD be 201 (Created) and contain an entity which describes the
931   status of the request and refers to the new resource, and a Location
932   header (see Section 9.4).
933
934   Responses to this method are not cacheable, unless the response
935   includes appropriate Cache-Control or Expires header fields.
936   However, the 303 (See Other) response can be used to direct the user
937   agent to retrieve a cacheable resource.
938
9397.6.  PUT
940
941   The PUT method requests that the enclosed entity be stored at the
942   Effective Request URI.  If the Effective Request URI refers to an
943   already existing resource, the enclosed entity SHOULD be considered
944   as a modified version of the one residing on the origin server.
945   Otherwise, if the Effective Request URI does not point to an existing
946   resource, and that URI is capable of being defined as a new resource
947   by the requesting user agent, the origin server can create the
948
949
950
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954
955
956   resource with that URI.
957
958   If a new resource is created at the Effective Request URI, the origin
959   server MUST inform the user agent via the 201 (Created) response.  If
960   an existing resource is modified, either the 200 (OK) or 204 (No
961   Content) response codes SHOULD be sent to indicate successful
962   completion of the request.
963
964   If the resource could not be created or modified with the Effective
965   Request URI, an appropriate error response SHOULD be given that
966   reflects the nature of the problem.  The recipient of the entity MUST
967   NOT ignore any Content-* headers (headers starting with the prefix
968   "Content-") that it does not understand or implement and MUST return
969   a 501 (Not Implemented) response in such cases.
970
971   If the request passes through a cache and the Effective Request URI
972   identifies one or more currently cached entities, those entries
973   SHOULD be treated as stale.  Responses to this method are not
974   cacheable.
975
976   The fundamental difference between the POST and PUT requests is
977   reflected in the different meaning of the Effective Request URI.  The
978   URI in a POST request identifies the resource that will handle the
979   enclosed entity.  That resource might be a data-accepting process, a
980   gateway to some other protocol, or a separate entity that accepts
981   annotations.  In contrast, the URI in a PUT request identifies the
982   entity enclosed with the request -- the user agent knows what URI is
983   intended and the server MUST NOT attempt to apply the request to some
984   other resource.  If the server desires that the request be applied to
985   a different URI, it MUST send a 301 (Moved Permanently) response; the
986   user agent MAY then make its own decision regarding whether or not to
987   redirect the request.
988
989   A single resource MAY be identified by many different URIs.  For
990   example, an article might have a URI for identifying "the current
991   version" which is separate from the URI identifying each particular
992   version.  In this case, a PUT request on a general URI might result
993   in several other URIs being defined by the origin server.
994
995   HTTP/1.1 does not define how a PUT method affects the state of an
996   origin server.
997
998   Unless otherwise specified for a particular entity-header, the
999   entity-headers in the PUT request SHOULD be applied to the resource
1000   created or modified by the PUT.
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
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1010
1011
10127.7.  DELETE
1013
1014   The DELETE method requests that the origin server delete the resource
1015   identified by the Effective Request URI.  This method MAY be
1016   overridden by human intervention (or other means) on the origin
1017   server.  The client cannot be guaranteed that the operation has been
1018   carried out, even if the status code returned from the origin server
1019   indicates that the action has been completed successfully.  However,
1020   the server SHOULD NOT indicate success unless, at the time the
1021   response is given, it intends to delete the resource or move it to an
1022   inaccessible location.
1023
1024   A successful response SHOULD be 200 (OK) if the response includes an
1025   entity describing the status, 202 (Accepted) if the action has not
1026   yet been enacted, or 204 (No Content) if the action has been enacted
1027   but the response does not include an entity.
1028
1029   If the request passes through a cache and the Effective Request URI
1030   identifies one or more currently cached entities, those entries
1031   SHOULD be treated as stale.  Responses to this method are not
1032   cacheable.
1033
10347.8.  TRACE
1035
1036   The TRACE method is used to invoke a remote, application-layer loop-
1037   back of the request message.  The final recipient of the request
1038   SHOULD reflect the message received back to the client as the entity-
1039   body of a 200 (OK) response.  The final recipient is either the
1040   origin server or the first proxy or gateway to receive a Max-Forwards
1041   value of zero (0) in the request (see Section 9.5).  A TRACE request
1042   MUST NOT include an entity.
1043
1044   TRACE allows the client to see what is being received at the other
1045   end of the request chain and use that data for testing or diagnostic
1046   information.  The value of the Via header field (Section 9.9 of
1047   [Part1]) is of particular interest, since it acts as a trace of the
1048   request chain.  Use of the Max-Forwards header field allows the
1049   client to limit the length of the request chain, which is useful for
1050   testing a chain of proxies forwarding messages in an infinite loop.
1051
1052   If the request is valid, the response SHOULD contain the entire
1053   request message in the entity-body, with a Content-Type of "message/
1054   http" (see Section 10.3.1 of [Part1]).  Responses to this method MUST
1055   NOT be cached.
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
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1066
1067
10687.9.  CONNECT
1069
1070   This specification reserves the method name CONNECT for use with a
1071   proxy that can dynamically switch to being a tunnel (e.g., SSL
1072   tunneling [RFC2817]).
1073
10748.  Status Code Definitions
1075
1076   Each Status-Code is described below, including any metainformation
1077   required in the response.
1078
10798.1.  Informational 1xx
1080
1081   This class of status code indicates a provisional response,
1082   consisting only of the Status-Line and optional headers, and is
1083   terminated by an empty line.  There are no required headers for this
1084   class of status code.  Since HTTP/1.0 did not define any 1xx status
1085   codes, servers MUST NOT send a 1xx response to an HTTP/1.0 client
1086   except under experimental conditions.
1087
1088   A client MUST be prepared to accept one or more 1xx status responses
1089   prior to a regular response, even if the client does not expect a 100
1090   (Continue) status message.  Unexpected 1xx status responses MAY be
1091   ignored by a user agent.
1092
1093   Proxies MUST forward 1xx responses, unless the connection between the
1094   proxy and its client has been closed, or unless the proxy itself
1095   requested the generation of the 1xx response.  (For example, if a
1096   proxy adds a "Expect: 100-continue" field when it forwards a request,
1097   then it need not forward the corresponding 100 (Continue)
1098   response(s).)
1099
11008.1.1.  100 Continue
1101
1102   The client SHOULD continue with its request.  This interim response
1103   is used to inform the client that the initial part of the request has
1104   been received and has not yet been rejected by the server.  The
1105   client SHOULD continue by sending the remainder of the request or, if
1106   the request has already been completed, ignore this response.  The
1107   server MUST send a final response after the request has been
1108   completed.  See Section 7.2.3 of [Part1] for detailed discussion of
1109   the use and handling of this status code.
1110
11118.1.2.  101 Switching Protocols
1112
1113   The server understands and is willing to comply with the client's
1114   request, via the Upgrade message header field (Section 9.8 of
1115   [Part1]), for a change in the application protocol being used on this
1116
1117
1118
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1123
1124   connection.  The server will switch protocols to those defined by the
1125   response's Upgrade header field immediately after the empty line
1126   which terminates the 101 response.
1127
1128   The protocol SHOULD be switched only when it is advantageous to do
1129   so.  For example, switching to a newer version of HTTP is
1130   advantageous over older versions, and switching to a real-time,
1131   synchronous protocol might be advantageous when delivering resources
1132   that use such features.
1133
11348.2.  Successful 2xx
1135
1136   This class of status code indicates that the client's request was
1137   successfully received, understood, and accepted.
1138
11398.2.1.  200 OK
1140
1141   The request has succeeded.  The information returned with the
1142   response is dependent on the method used in the request, for example:
1143
1144   GET  an entity corresponding to the requested resource is sent in the
1145      response;
1146
1147   HEAD  the entity-header fields corresponding to the requested
1148      resource are sent in the response without any message-body;
1149
1150   POST  an entity describing or containing the result of the action;
1151
1152   TRACE  an entity containing the request message as received by the
1153      end server.
1154
11558.2.2.  201 Created
1156
1157   The request has been fulfilled and has resulted in a new resource
1158   being created.  The newly created resource can be referenced by the
1159   URI(s) returned in the entity of the response, with the most specific
1160   URI for the resource given by a Location header field.  The response
1161   SHOULD include an entity containing a list of resource
1162   characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can
1163   choose the one most appropriate.  The entity format is specified by
1164   the media type given in the Content-Type header field.  The origin
1165   server MUST create the resource before returning the 201 status code.
1166   If the action cannot be carried out immediately, the server SHOULD
1167   respond with 202 (Accepted) response instead.
1168
1169   A 201 response MAY contain an ETag response header field indicating
1170   the current value of the entity tag for the requested variant just
1171   created, see Section 6.1 of [Part4].
1172
1173
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1179
11808.2.3.  202 Accepted
1181
1182   The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has
1183   not been completed.  The request might or might not eventually be
1184   acted upon, as it might be disallowed when processing actually takes
1185   place.  There is no facility for re-sending a status code from an
1186   asynchronous operation such as this.
1187
1188   The 202 response is intentionally non-committal.  Its purpose is to
1189   allow a server to accept a request for some other process (perhaps a
1190   batch-oriented process that is only run once per day) without
1191   requiring that the user agent's connection to the server persist
1192   until the process is completed.  The entity returned with this
1193   response SHOULD include an indication of the request's current status
1194   and either a pointer to a status monitor or some estimate of when the
1195   user can expect the request to be fulfilled.
1196
11978.2.4.  203 Non-Authoritative Information
1198
1199   The returned metainformation in the entity-header is not the
1200   definitive set as available from the origin server, but is gathered
1201   from a local or a third-party copy.  The set presented MAY be a
1202   subset or superset of the original version.  For example, including
1203   local annotation information about the resource might result in a
1204   superset of the metainformation known by the origin server.  Use of
1205   this response code is not required and is only appropriate when the
1206   response would otherwise be 200 (OK).
1207
12088.2.5.  204 No Content
1209
1210   The server has fulfilled the request but does not need to return an
1211   entity-body, and might want to return updated metainformation.  The
1212   response MAY include new or updated metainformation in the form of
1213   entity-headers, which if present SHOULD be associated with the
1214   requested variant.
1215
1216   If the client is a user agent, it SHOULD NOT change its document view
1217   from that which caused the request to be sent.  This response is
1218   primarily intended to allow input for actions to take place without
1219   causing a change to the user agent's active document view, although
1220   any new or updated metainformation SHOULD be applied to the document
1221   currently in the user agent's active view.
1222
1223   The 204 response MUST NOT include a message-body, and thus is always
1224   terminated by the first empty line after the header fields.
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
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1235
12368.2.6.  205 Reset Content
1237
1238   The server has fulfilled the request and the user agent SHOULD reset
1239   the document view which caused the request to be sent.  This response
1240   is primarily intended to allow input for actions to take place via
1241   user input, followed by a clearing of the form in which the input is
1242   given so that the user can easily initiate another input action.  The
1243   response MUST NOT include an entity.
1244
12458.2.7.  206 Partial Content
1246
1247   The server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource and
1248   the enclosed entity is a partial representation as defined in Section
1249   3.1 of [Part5].
1250
12518.3.  Redirection 3xx
1252
1253   This class of status code indicates that further action needs to be
1254   taken by the user agent in order to fulfill the request.  The action
1255   required MAY be carried out by the user agent without interaction
1256   with the user if and only if the method used in the second request is
1257   known to be "safe", as defined in Section 7.1.1.  A client SHOULD
1258   detect infinite redirection loops, since such loops generate network
1259   traffic for each redirection.
1260
1261      Note: An earlier version of this specification recommended a
1262      maximum of five redirections ([RFC2068], Section 10.3).  Content
1263      developers should be aware that there might be clients that
1264      implement such a fixed limitation.
1265
12668.3.1.  300 Multiple Choices
1267
1268   The requested resource corresponds to any one of a set of
1269   representations, each with its own specific location, and agent-
1270   driven negotiation information (Section 4 of [Part3]) is being
1271   provided so that the user (or user agent) can select a preferred
1272   representation and redirect its request to that location.
1273
1274   Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include an entity
1275   containing a list of resource characteristics and location(s) from
1276   which the user or user agent can choose the one most appropriate.
1277   The entity format is specified by the media type given in the
1278   Content-Type header field.  Depending upon the format and the
1279   capabilities of the user agent, selection of the most appropriate
1280   choice MAY be performed automatically.  However, this specification
1281   does not define any standard for such automatic selection.
1282
1283   If the server has a preferred choice of representation, it SHOULD
1284
1285
1286
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1291
1292   include the specific URI for that representation in the Location
1293   field; user agents MAY use the Location field value for automatic
1294   redirection.  This response is cacheable unless indicated otherwise.
1295
12968.3.2.  301 Moved Permanently
1297
1298   The requested resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any
1299   future references to this resource SHOULD use one of the returned
1300   URIs.  Clients with link editing capabilities ought to automatically
1301   re-link references to the Effective Request URI to one or more of the
1302   new references returned by the server, where possible.  This response
1303   is cacheable unless indicated otherwise.
1304
1305   The new permanent URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the
1306   response.  Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the
1307   response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to
1308   the new URI(s).
1309
1310   If the 301 status code is received in response to a request method
1311   that is known to be "safe", as defined in Section 7.1.1, then the
1312   request MAY be automatically redirected by the user agent without
1313   confirmation.  Otherwise, the user agent MUST NOT automatically
1314   redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since
1315   this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.
1316
1317      Note: When automatically redirecting a POST request after
1318      receiving a 301 status code, some existing HTTP/1.0 user agents
1319      will erroneously change it into a GET request.
1320
13218.3.3.  302 Found
1322
1323   The requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI.
1324   Since the redirection might be altered on occasion, the client SHOULD
1325   continue to use the Effectice Request URI for future requests.  This
1326   response is only cacheable if indicated by a Cache-Control or Expires
1327   header field.
1328
1329   The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the
1330   response.  Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the
1331   response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to
1332   the new URI(s).
1333
1334   If the 302 status code is received in response to a request method
1335   that is known to be "safe", as defined in Section 7.1.1, then the
1336   request MAY be automatically redirected by the user agent without
1337   confirmation.  Otherwise, the user agent MUST NOT automatically
1338   redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since
1339   this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.
1340
1341
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1347
1348      Note: HTTP/1.0 ([RFC1945], Section 9.3) and the first version of
1349      HTTP/1.1 ([RFC2068], Section 10.3.3) specify that the client is
1350      not allowed to change the method on the redirected request.
1351      However, most existing user agent implementations treat 302 as if
1352      it were a 303 response, performing a GET on the Location field-
1353      value regardless of the original request method.  Therefore, a
1354      previous version of this specification ([RFC2616], Section 10.3.3)
1355      has added the status codes 303 and 307 for servers that wish to
1356      make unambiguously clear which kind of reaction is expected of the
1357      client.
1358
13598.3.4.  303 See Other
1360
1361   The server directs the user agent to a different resource, indicated
1362   by a URI in the Location header field, that provides an indirect
1363   response to the original request.  The user agent MAY perform a GET
1364   request on the URI in the Location field in order to obtain a
1365   representation corresponding to the response, be redirected again, or
1366   end with an error status.  The Location URI is not a substitute
1367   reference for the originally requested resource.
1368
1369   The 303 status is generally applicable to any HTTP method.  It is
1370   primarily used to allow the output of a POST action to redirect the
1371   user agent to a selected resource, since doing so provides the
1372   information corresponding to the POST response in a form that can be
1373   separately identified, bookmarked, and cached independent of the
1374   original request.
1375
1376   A 303 response to a GET request indicates that the requested resource
1377   does not have a representation of its own that can be transferred by
1378   the server over HTTP.  The Location URI indicates a resource that is
1379   descriptive of the requested resource such that the follow-on
1380   representation may be useful without implying that it adequately
1381   represents the previously requested resource.  Note that answers to
1382   the questions of what can be represented, what representations are
1383   adequate, and what might be a useful description are outside the
1384   scope of HTTP and thus entirely determined by the URI owner(s).
1385
1386   A 303 response SHOULD NOT be cached unless it is indicated as
1387   cacheable by Cache-Control or Expires header fields.  Except for
1388   responses to a HEAD request, the entity of a 303 response SHOULD
1389   contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the Location URI.
1390
13918.3.5.  304 Not Modified
1392
1393   The response to the request has not been modified since the
1394   conditions indicated by the client's conditional GET request, as
1395   defined in Section 3.1 of [Part4].
1396
1397
1398
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1403
14048.3.6.  305 Use Proxy
1405
1406   The 305 status was defined in a previous version of this
1407   specification (see Appendix A.2), and is now deprecated.
1408
14098.3.7.  306 (Unused)
1410
1411   The 306 status code was used in a previous version of the
1412   specification, is no longer used, and the code is reserved.
1413
14148.3.8.  307 Temporary Redirect
1415
1416   The requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI.
1417   Since the redirection MAY be altered on occasion, the client SHOULD
1418   continue to use the Effective Request URI for future requests.  This
1419   response is only cacheable if indicated by a Cache-Control or Expires
1420   header field.
1421
1422   The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the
1423   response.  Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the
1424   response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to
1425   the new URI(s) , since many pre-HTTP/1.1 user agents do not
1426   understand the 307 status.  Therefore, the note SHOULD contain the
1427   information necessary for a user to repeat the original request on
1428   the new URI.
1429
1430   If the 307 status code is received in response to a request method
1431   that is known to be "safe", as defined in Section 7.1.1, then the
1432   request MAY be automatically redirected by the user agent without
1433   confirmation.  Otherwise, the user agent MUST NOT automatically
1434   redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since
1435   this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.
1436
14378.4.  Client Error 4xx
1438
1439   The 4xx class of status code is intended for cases in which the
1440   client seems to have erred.  Except when responding to a HEAD
1441   request, the server SHOULD include an entity containing an
1442   explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or
1443   permanent condition.  These status codes are applicable to any
1444   request method.  User agents SHOULD display any included entity to
1445   the user.
1446
1447   If the client is sending data, a server implementation using TCP
1448   SHOULD be careful to ensure that the client acknowledges receipt of
1449   the packet(s) containing the response, before the server closes the
1450   input connection.  If the client continues sending data to the server
1451   after the close, the server's TCP stack will send a reset packet to
1452
1453
1454
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1458
1459
1460   the client, which may erase the client's unacknowledged input buffers
1461   before they can be read and interpreted by the HTTP application.
1462
14638.4.1.  400 Bad Request
1464
1465   The request could not be understood by the server due to malformed
1466   syntax.  The client SHOULD NOT repeat the request without
1467   modifications.
1468
14698.4.2.  401 Unauthorized
1470
1471   The request requires user authentication (see Section 2.1 of
1472   [Part7]).
1473
14748.4.3.  402 Payment Required
1475
1476   This code is reserved for future use.
1477
14788.4.4.  403 Forbidden
1479
1480   The server understood the request, but is refusing to fulfill it.
1481   Authorization will not help and the request SHOULD NOT be repeated.
1482   If the request method was not HEAD and the server wishes to make
1483   public why the request has not been fulfilled, it SHOULD describe the
1484   reason for the refusal in the entity.  If the server does not wish to
1485   make this information available to the client, the status code 404
1486   (Not Found) can be used instead.
1487
14888.4.5.  404 Not Found
1489
1490   The server has not found anything matching the Effective Request URI.
1491   No indication is given of whether the condition is temporary or
1492   permanent.  The 410 (Gone) status code SHOULD be used if the server
1493   knows, through some internally configurable mechanism, that an old
1494   resource is permanently unavailable and has no forwarding address.
1495   This status code is commonly used when the server does not wish to
1496   reveal exactly why the request has been refused, or when no other
1497   response is applicable.
1498
14998.4.6.  405 Method Not Allowed
1500
1501   The method specified in the Request-Line is not allowed for the
1502   resource identified by the Effective Request URI.  The response MUST
1503   include an Allow header containing a list of valid methods for the
1504   requested resource.
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
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1514
1515
15168.4.7.  406 Not Acceptable
1517
1518   The resource identified by the request is only capable of generating
1519   response entities which have content characteristics not acceptable
1520   according to the accept headers sent in the request.
1521
1522   Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include an entity
1523   containing a list of available entity characteristics and location(s)
1524   from which the user or user agent can choose the one most
1525   appropriate.  The entity format is specified by the media type given
1526   in the Content-Type header field.  Depending upon the format and the
1527   capabilities of the user agent, selection of the most appropriate
1528   choice MAY be performed automatically.  However, this specification
1529   does not define any standard for such automatic selection.
1530
1531      Note: HTTP/1.1 servers are allowed to return responses which are
1532      not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the
1533      request.  In some cases, this may even be preferable to sending a
1534      406 response.  User agents are encouraged to inspect the headers
1535      of an incoming response to determine if it is acceptable.
1536
1537   If the response could be unacceptable, a user agent SHOULD
1538   temporarily stop receipt of more data and query the user for a
1539   decision on further actions.
1540
15418.4.8.  407 Proxy Authentication Required
1542
1543   This code is similar to 401 (Unauthorized), but indicates that the
1544   client must first authenticate itself with the proxy (see Section 2.2
1545   of [Part7]).
1546
15478.4.9.  408 Request Timeout
1548
1549   The client did not produce a request within the time that the server
1550   was prepared to wait.  The client MAY repeat the request without
1551   modifications at any later time.
1552
15538.4.10.  409 Conflict
1554
1555   The request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current
1556   state of the resource.  This code is only allowed in situations where
1557   it is expected that the user might be able to resolve the conflict
1558   and resubmit the request.  The response body SHOULD include enough
1559   information for the user to recognize the source of the conflict.
1560   Ideally, the response entity would include enough information for the
1561   user or user agent to fix the problem; however, that might not be
1562   possible and is not required.
1563
1564
1565
1566
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1570
1571
1572   Conflicts are most likely to occur in response to a PUT request.  For
1573   example, if versioning were being used and the entity being PUT
1574   included changes to a resource which conflict with those made by an
1575   earlier (third-party) request, the server might use the 409 response
1576   to indicate that it can't complete the request.  In this case, the
1577   response entity would likely contain a list of the differences
1578   between the two versions in a format defined by the response Content-
1579   Type.
1580
15818.4.11.  410 Gone
1582
1583   The requested resource is no longer available at the server and no
1584   forwarding address is known.  This condition is expected to be
1585   considered permanent.  Clients with link editing capabilities SHOULD
1586   delete references to the Effective Request URI after user approval.
1587   If the server does not know, or has no facility to determine, whether
1588   or not the condition is permanent, the status code 404 (Not Found)
1589   SHOULD be used instead.  This response is cacheable unless indicated
1590   otherwise.
1591
1592   The 410 response is primarily intended to assist the task of web
1593   maintenance by notifying the recipient that the resource is
1594   intentionally unavailable and that the server owners desire that
1595   remote links to that resource be removed.  Such an event is common
1596   for limited-time, promotional services and for resources belonging to
1597   individuals no longer working at the server's site.  It is not
1598   necessary to mark all permanently unavailable resources as "gone" or
1599   to keep the mark for any length of time -- that is left to the
1600   discretion of the server owner.
1601
16028.4.12.  411 Length Required
1603
1604   The server refuses to accept the request without a defined Content-
1605   Length.  The client MAY repeat the request if it adds a valid
1606   Content-Length header field containing the length of the message-body
1607   in the request message.
1608
16098.4.13.  412 Precondition Failed
1610
1611   The precondition given in one or more of the request-header fields
1612   evaluated to false when it was tested on the server, as defined in
1613   Section 3.2 of [Part4].
1614
16158.4.14.  413 Request Entity Too Large
1616
1617   The server is refusing to process a request because the request
1618   entity is larger than the server is willing or able to process.  The
1619   server MAY close the connection to prevent the client from continuing
1620
1621
1622
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1626
1627
1628   the request.
1629
1630   If the condition is temporary, the server SHOULD include a Retry-
1631   After header field to indicate that it is temporary and after what
1632   time the client MAY try again.
1633
16348.4.15.  414 URI Too Long
1635
1636   The server is refusing to service the request because the Effective
1637   Request URI is longer than the server is willing to interpret.  This
1638   rare condition is only likely to occur when a client has improperly
1639   converted a POST request to a GET request with long query
1640   information, when the client has descended into a URI "black hole" of
1641   redirection (e.g., a redirected URI prefix that points to a suffix of
1642   itself), or when the server is under attack by a client attempting to
1643   exploit security holes present in some servers using fixed-length
1644   buffers for reading or manipulating the Effective Request URI.
1645
16468.4.16.  415 Unsupported Media Type
1647
1648   The server is refusing to service the request because the entity of
1649   the request is in a format not supported by the requested resource
1650   for the requested method.
1651
16528.4.17.  416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
1653
1654   The request included a Range request-header field (Section 5.4 of
1655   [Part5]) and none of the range-specifier values in this field overlap
1656   the current extent of the selected resource.  See Section 3.2 of
1657   [Part5]
1658
16598.4.18.  417 Expectation Failed
1660
1661   The expectation given in an Expect request-header field (see
1662   Section 9.2) could not be met by this server, or, if the server is a
1663   proxy, the server has unambiguous evidence that the request could not
1664   be met by the next-hop server.
1665
16668.5.  Server Error 5xx
1667
1668   Response status codes beginning with the digit "5" indicate cases in
1669   which the server is aware that it has erred or is incapable of
1670   performing the request.  Except when responding to a HEAD request,
1671   the server SHOULD include an entity containing an explanation of the
1672   error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent
1673   condition.  User agents SHOULD display any included entity to the
1674   user.  These response codes are applicable to any request method.
1675
1676
1677
1678
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1682
1683
16848.5.1.  500 Internal Server Error
1685
1686   The server encountered an unexpected condition which prevented it
1687   from fulfilling the request.
1688
16898.5.2.  501 Not Implemented
1690
1691   The server does not support the functionality required to fulfill the
1692   request.  This is the appropriate response when the server does not
1693   recognize the request method and is not capable of supporting it for
1694   any resource.
1695
16968.5.3.  502 Bad Gateway
1697
1698   The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, received an invalid
1699   response from the upstream server it accessed in attempting to
1700   fulfill the request.
1701
17028.5.4.  503 Service Unavailable
1703
1704   The server is currently unable to handle the request due to a
1705   temporary overloading or maintenance of the server.  The implication
1706   is that this is a temporary condition which will be alleviated after
1707   some delay.  If known, the length of the delay MAY be indicated in a
1708   Retry-After header.  If no Retry-After is given, the client SHOULD
1709   handle the response as it would for a 500 response.
1710
1711      Note: The existence of the 503 status code does not imply that a
1712      server must use it when becoming overloaded.  Some servers may
1713      wish to simply refuse the connection.
1714
17158.5.5.  504 Gateway Timeout
1716
1717   The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, did not receive a
1718   timely response from the upstream server specified by the URI (e.g.,
1719   HTTP, FTP, LDAP) or some other auxiliary server (e.g., DNS) it needed
1720   to access in attempting to complete the request.
1721
1722      Note to implementors: some deployed proxies are known to return
1723      400 or 500 when DNS lookups time out.
1724
17258.5.6.  505 HTTP Version Not Supported
1726
1727   The server does not support, or refuses to support, the protocol
1728   version that was used in the request message.  The server is
1729   indicating that it is unable or unwilling to complete the request
1730   using the same major version as the client, as described in Section
1731   2.5 of [Part1], other than with this error message.  The response
1732
1733
1734
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1738
1739
1740   SHOULD contain an entity describing why that version is not supported
1741   and what other protocols are supported by that server.
1742
17439.  Header Field Definitions
1744
1745   This section defines the syntax and semantics of HTTP/1.1 header
1746   fields related to request and response semantics.
1747
1748   For entity-header fields, both sender and recipient refer to either
1749   the client or the server, depending on who sends and who receives the
1750   entity.
1751
17529.1.  Allow
1753
1754   The "Allow" response-header field lists the set of methods advertised
1755   as supported by the resource identified by the Effective Request URI.
1756   The purpose of this field is strictly to inform the recipient of
1757   valid methods associated with the resource.
1758
1759     Allow   = "Allow" ":" OWS Allow-v
1760     Allow-v = #Method
1761
1762   Example of use:
1763
1764     Allow: GET, HEAD, PUT
1765
1766   The actual set of allowed methods is defined by the origin server at
1767   the time of each request.
1768
1769   A proxy MUST NOT modify the Allow header field even if it does not
1770   understand all the methods specified, since the user agent might have
1771   other means of communicating with the origin server.
1772
17739.2.  Expect
1774
1775   The "Expect" request-header field is used to indicate that particular
1776   server behaviors are required by the client.
1777
1778     Expect       = "Expect" ":" OWS Expect-v
1779     Expect-v     = 1#expectation
1780
1781     expectation  = "100-continue" / expectation-extension
1782     expectation-extension = token [ "=" ( token / quoted-string )
1783                              *expect-params ]
1784     expect-params = ";" token [ "=" ( token / quoted-string ) ]
1785
1786   A server that does not understand or is unable to comply with any of
1787   the expectation values in the Expect field of a request MUST respond
1788
1789
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1794
1795
1796   with appropriate error status.  The server MUST respond with a 417
1797   (Expectation Failed) status if any of the expectations cannot be met
1798   or, if there are other problems with the request, some other 4xx
1799   status.
1800
1801   This header field is defined with extensible syntax to allow for
1802   future extensions.  If a server receives a request containing an
1803   Expect field that includes an expectation-extension that it does not
1804   support, it MUST respond with a 417 (Expectation Failed) status.
1805
1806   Comparison of expectation values is case-insensitive for unquoted
1807   tokens (including the 100-continue token), and is case-sensitive for
1808   quoted-string expectation-extensions.
1809
1810   The Expect mechanism is hop-by-hop: that is, an HTTP/1.1 proxy MUST
1811   return a 417 (Expectation Failed) status if it receives a request
1812   with an expectation that it cannot meet.  However, the Expect
1813   request-header itself is end-to-end; it MUST be forwarded if the
1814   request is forwarded.
1815
1816   Many older HTTP/1.0 and HTTP/1.1 applications do not understand the
1817   Expect header.
1818
1819   See Section 7.2.3 of [Part1] for the use of the 100 (Continue)
1820   status.
1821
18229.3.  From
1823
1824   The "From" request-header field, if given, SHOULD contain an Internet
1825   e-mail address for the human user who controls the requesting user
1826   agent.  The address SHOULD be machine-usable, as defined by "mailbox"
1827   in Section 3.4 of [RFC5322]:
1828
1829     From    = "From" ":" OWS From-v
1830     From-v  = mailbox
1831
1832     mailbox = <mailbox, defined in [RFC5322], Section 3.4>
1833
1834   An example is:
1835
1836     From: webmaster@example.org
1837
1838   This header field MAY be used for logging purposes and as a means for
1839   identifying the source of invalid or unwanted requests.  It SHOULD
1840   NOT be used as an insecure form of access protection.  The
1841   interpretation of this field is that the request is being performed
1842   on behalf of the person given, who accepts responsibility for the
1843   method performed.  In particular, robot agents SHOULD include this
1844
1845
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1850
1851
1852   header so that the person responsible for running the robot can be
1853   contacted if problems occur on the receiving end.
1854
1855   The Internet e-mail address in this field MAY be separate from the
1856   Internet host which issued the request.  For example, when a request
1857   is passed through a proxy the original issuer's address SHOULD be
1858   used.
1859
1860   The client SHOULD NOT send the From header field without the user's
1861   approval, as it might conflict with the user's privacy interests or
1862   their site's security policy.  It is strongly recommended that the
1863   user be able to disable, enable, and modify the value of this field
1864   at any time prior to a request.
1865
18669.4.  Location
1867
1868   The "Location" response-header field is used to identify a newly
1869   created resource, or to redirect the recipient to a different
1870   location for completion of the request.
1871
1872   For 201 (Created) responses, the Location is the URI of the new
1873   resource which was created by the request.  For 3xx responses, the
1874   location SHOULD indicate the server's preferred URI for automatic
1875   redirection to the resource.
1876
1877   The field value consists of a single URI-reference.  When it has the
1878   form of a relative reference ([RFC3986], Section 4.2), the final
1879   value is computed by resolving it against the effective request URI
1880   ([RFC3986], Section 5).
1881
1882     Location       = "Location" ":" OWS Location-v
1883     Location-v     = URI-reference
1884
1885   Examples are:
1886
1887     Location: http://www.example.org/pub/WWW/People.html#tim
1888
1889     Location: /index.html
1890
1891   There are circumstances in which a fragment identifier in a Location
1892   URI would not be appropriate:
1893
1894   o  With a 201 Created response, because in this usage the Location
1895      header specifies the URI for the entire created resource.
1896
1897   o  With 305 Use Proxy.
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
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1906
1907
1908      Note: This specification does not define precedence rules for the
1909      case where the original URI, as navigated to by the user agent,
1910      and the Location header field value both contain fragment
1911      identifiers.
1912
1913      Note: The Content-Location header field (Section 5.7 of [Part3])
1914      differs from Location in that the Content-Location identifies the
1915      original location of the entity enclosed in the response.  It is
1916      therefore possible for a response to contain header fields for
1917      both Location and Content-Location.
1918
19199.5.  Max-Forwards
1920
1921   The "Max-Forwards" request-header field provides a mechanism with the
1922   TRACE (Section 7.8) and OPTIONS (Section 7.2) methods to limit the
1923   number of times that the request is forwarded by proxies or gateways.
1924   This can be useful when the client is attempting to trace a request
1925   which appears to be failing or looping in mid-chain.
1926
1927     Max-Forwards   = "Max-Forwards" ":" OWS Max-Forwards-v
1928     Max-Forwards-v = 1*DIGIT
1929
1930   The Max-Forwards value is a decimal integer indicating the remaining
1931   number of times this request message may be forwarded.
1932
1933   Each proxy or gateway recipient of a TRACE or OPTIONS request
1934   containing a Max-Forwards header field MUST check and update its
1935   value prior to forwarding the request.  If the received value is zero
1936   (0), the recipient MUST NOT forward the request; instead, it MUST
1937   respond as the final recipient.  If the received Max-Forwards value
1938   is greater than zero, then the forwarded message MUST contain an
1939   updated Max-Forwards field with a value decremented by one (1).
1940
1941   The Max-Forwards header field MAY be ignored for all other methods
1942   defined by this specification and for any extension methods for which
1943   it is not explicitly referred to as part of that method definition.
1944
19459.6.  Referer
1946
1947   The "Referer" [sic] request-header field allows the client to specify
1948   the URI of the resource from which the Effective Request URI was
1949   obtained (the "referrer", although the header field is misspelled.).
1950
1951   The Referer header allows servers to generate lists of back-links to
1952   resources for interest, logging, optimized caching, etc.  It also
1953   allows obsolete or mistyped links to be traced for maintenance.  Some
1954   servers use Referer as a means of controlling where they allow links
1955   from (so-called "deep linking"), but it should be noted that
1956
1957
1958
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1962
1963
1964   legitimate requests are not required to contain a Referer header
1965   field.
1966
1967   If the Effective Request URI was obtained from a source that does not
1968   have its own URI (e.g., input from the user keyboard), the Referer
1969   field MUST either be sent with the value "about:blank", or not be
1970   sent at all.  Note that this requirement does not apply to sources
1971   with non-HTTP URIs (e.g., FTP).
1972
1973     Referer        = "Referer" ":" OWS Referer-v
1974     Referer-v      = absolute-URI / partial-URI
1975
1976   Example:
1977
1978     Referer: http://www.example.org/hypertext/Overview.html
1979
1980   If the field value is a relative URI, it SHOULD be interpreted
1981   relative to the Effective Request URI.  The URI MUST NOT include a
1982   fragment.  See Section 11.2 for security considerations.
1983
19849.7.  Retry-After
1985
1986   The response-header "Retry-After" field can be used with a 503
1987   (Service Unavailable) response to indicate how long the service is
1988   expected to be unavailable to the requesting client.  This field MAY
1989   also be used with any 3xx (Redirection) response to indicate the
1990   minimum time the user-agent is asked wait before issuing the
1991   redirected request.
1992
1993   The value of this field can be either an HTTP-date or an integer
1994   number of seconds (in decimal) after the time of the response.
1995
1996     Retry-After   = "Retry-After" ":" OWS Retry-After-v
1997     Retry-After-v = HTTP-date / delta-seconds
1998
1999   Time spans are non-negative decimal integers, representing time in
2000   seconds.
2001
2002     delta-seconds  = 1*DIGIT
2003
2004   Two examples of its use are
2005
2006     Retry-After: Fri, 31 Dec 1999 23:59:59 GMT
2007     Retry-After: 120
2008
2009   In the latter example, the delay is 2 minutes.
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 36]
2016
2017Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2018
2019
20209.8.  Server
2021
2022   The "Server" response-header field contains information about the
2023   software used by the origin server to handle the request.
2024
2025   The field can contain multiple product tokens (Section 6.3 of
2026   [Part1]) and comments (Section 3.2 of [Part1]) identifying the server
2027   and any significant subproducts.  The product tokens are listed in
2028   order of their significance for identifying the application.
2029
2030     Server         = "Server" ":" OWS Server-v
2031     Server-v       = product
2032                      *( RWS ( product / comment ) )
2033
2034   Example:
2035
2036     Server: CERN/3.0 libwww/2.17
2037
2038   If the response is being forwarded through a proxy, the proxy
2039   application MUST NOT modify the Server response-header.  Instead, it
2040   MUST include a Via field (as described in Section 9.9 of [Part1]).
2041
2042      Note: Revealing the specific software version of the server might
2043      allow the server machine to become more vulnerable to attacks
2044      against software that is known to contain security holes.  Server
2045      implementors are encouraged to make this field a configurable
2046      option.
2047
20489.9.  User-Agent
2049
2050   The "User-Agent" request-header field contains information about the
2051   user agent originating the request.  This is for statistical
2052   purposes, the tracing of protocol violations, and automated
2053   recognition of user agents for the sake of tailoring responses to
2054   avoid particular user agent limitations.
2055
2056   User agents SHOULD include this field with requests.  The field can
2057   contain multiple product tokens (Section 6.3 of [Part1]) and comments
2058   (Section 3.2 of [Part1]) identifying the agent and any subproducts
2059   which form a significant part of the user agent.  By convention, the
2060   product tokens are listed in order of their significance for
2061   identifying the application.
2062
2063     User-Agent     = "User-Agent" ":" OWS User-Agent-v
2064     User-Agent-v   = product
2065                      *( RWS ( product / comment ) )
2066
2067   Example:
2068
2069
2070
2071Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 37]
2072
2073Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2074
2075
2076     User-Agent: CERN-LineMode/2.15 libwww/2.17b3
2077
207810.  IANA Considerations
2079
208010.1.  Method Registry
2081
2082   The registration procedure for HTTP Methods is defined by Section 2.1
2083   of this document.
2084
2085   The HTTP Method Registry should be created at
2086   <http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-methods> and be populated with
2087   the registrations below:
2088
2089   +---------+------+-------------+
2090   | Method  | Safe | Reference   |
2091   +---------+------+-------------+
2092   | CONNECT | no   | Section 7.9 |
2093   | DELETE  | no   | Section 7.7 |
2094   | GET     | yes  | Section 7.3 |
2095   | HEAD    | yes  | Section 7.4 |
2096   | OPTIONS | yes  | Section 7.2 |
2097   | POST    | no   | Section 7.5 |
2098   | PUT     | no   | Section 7.6 |
2099   | TRACE   | yes  | Section 7.8 |
2100   +---------+------+-------------+
2101
210210.2.  Status Code Registry
2103
2104   The registration procedure for HTTP Status Codes -- previously
2105   defined in Section 7.1 of [RFC2817] -- is now defined by Section 4.1
2106   of this document.
2107
2108   The HTTP Status Code Registry located at
2109   <http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes> should be updated
2110   with the registrations below:
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 38]
2128
2129Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2130
2131
2132   +-------+-------------------------------+----------------+
2133   | Value | Description                   | Reference      |
2134   +-------+-------------------------------+----------------+
2135   | 100   | Continue                      | Section 8.1.1  |
2136   | 101   | Switching Protocols           | Section 8.1.2  |
2137   | 200   | OK                            | Section 8.2.1  |
2138   | 201   | Created                       | Section 8.2.2  |
2139   | 202   | Accepted                      | Section 8.2.3  |
2140   | 203   | Non-Authoritative Information | Section 8.2.4  |
2141   | 204   | No Content                    | Section 8.2.5  |
2142   | 205   | Reset Content                 | Section 8.2.6  |
2143   | 300   | Multiple Choices              | Section 8.3.1  |
2144   | 301   | Moved Permanently             | Section 8.3.2  |
2145   | 302   | Found                         | Section 8.3.3  |
2146   | 303   | See Other                     | Section 8.3.4  |
2147   | 305   | Use Proxy                     | Section 8.3.6  |
2148   | 306   | (Unused)                      | Section 8.3.7  |
2149   | 307   | Temporary Redirect            | Section 8.3.8  |
2150   | 400   | Bad Request                   | Section 8.4.1  |
2151   | 402   | Payment Required              | Section 8.4.3  |
2152   | 403   | Forbidden                     | Section 8.4.4  |
2153   | 404   | Not Found                     | Section 8.4.5  |
2154   | 405   | Method Not Allowed            | Section 8.4.6  |
2155   | 406   | Not Acceptable                | Section 8.4.7  |
2156   | 407   | Proxy Authentication Required | Section 8.4.8  |
2157   | 408   | Request Timeout               | Section 8.4.9  |
2158   | 409   | Conflict                      | Section 8.4.10 |
2159   | 410   | Gone                          | Section 8.4.11 |
2160   | 411   | Length Required               | Section 8.4.12 |
2161   | 413   | Request Entity Too Large      | Section 8.4.14 |
2162   | 414   | URI Too Long                  | Section 8.4.15 |
2163   | 415   | Unsupported Media Type        | Section 8.4.16 |
2164   | 417   | Expectation Failed            | Section 8.4.18 |
2165   | 500   | Internal Server Error         | Section 8.5.1  |
2166   | 501   | Not Implemented               | Section 8.5.2  |
2167   | 502   | Bad Gateway                   | Section 8.5.3  |
2168   | 503   | Service Unavailable           | Section 8.5.4  |
2169   | 504   | Gateway Timeout               | Section 8.5.5  |
2170   | 505   | HTTP Version Not Supported    | Section 8.5.6  |
2171   +-------+-------------------------------+----------------+
2172
217310.3.  Message Header Registration
2174
2175   The Message Header Registry located at <http://www.iana.org/
2176   assignments/message-headers/message-header-index.html> should be
2177   updated with the permanent registrations below (see [RFC3864]):
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 39]
2184
2185Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2186
2187
2188   +-------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
2189   | Header Field Name | Protocol | Status   | Reference   |
2190   +-------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
2191   | Allow             | http     | standard | Section 9.1 |
2192   | Expect            | http     | standard | Section 9.2 |
2193   | From              | http     | standard | Section 9.3 |
2194   | Location          | http     | standard | Section 9.4 |
2195   | Max-Forwards      | http     | standard | Section 9.5 |
2196   | Referer           | http     | standard | Section 9.6 |
2197   | Retry-After       | http     | standard | Section 9.7 |
2198   | Server            | http     | standard | Section 9.8 |
2199   | User-Agent        | http     | standard | Section 9.9 |
2200   +-------------------+----------+----------+-------------+
2201
2202   The change controller is: "IETF (iesg@ietf.org) - Internet
2203   Engineering Task Force".
2204
220511.  Security Considerations
2206
2207   This section is meant to inform application developers, information
2208   providers, and users of the security limitations in HTTP/1.1 as
2209   described by this document.  The discussion does not include
2210   definitive solutions to the problems revealed, though it does make
2211   some suggestions for reducing security risks.
2212
221311.1.  Transfer of Sensitive Information
2214
2215   Like any generic data transfer protocol, HTTP cannot regulate the
2216   content of the data that is transferred, nor is there any a priori
2217   method of determining the sensitivity of any particular piece of
2218   information within the context of any given request.  Therefore,
2219   applications SHOULD supply as much control over this information as
2220   possible to the provider of that information.  Four header fields are
2221   worth special mention in this context: Server, Via, Referer and From.
2222
2223   Revealing the specific software version of the server might allow the
2224   server machine to become more vulnerable to attacks against software
2225   that is known to contain security holes.  Implementors SHOULD make
2226   the Server header field a configurable option.
2227
2228   Proxies which serve as a portal through a network firewall SHOULD
2229   take special precautions regarding the transfer of header information
2230   that identifies the hosts behind the firewall.  In particular, they
2231   SHOULD remove, or replace with sanitized versions, any Via fields
2232   generated behind the firewall.
2233
2234   The Referer header allows reading patterns to be studied and reverse
2235   links drawn.  Although it can be very useful, its power can be abused
2236
2237
2238
2239Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 40]
2240
2241Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2242
2243
2244   if user details are not separated from the information contained in
2245   the Referer.  Even when the personal information has been removed,
2246   the Referer header might indicate a private document's URI whose
2247   publication would be inappropriate.
2248
2249   The information sent in the From field might conflict with the user's
2250   privacy interests or their site's security policy, and hence it
2251   SHOULD NOT be transmitted without the user being able to disable,
2252   enable, and modify the contents of the field.  The user MUST be able
2253   to set the contents of this field within a user preference or
2254   application defaults configuration.
2255
2256   We suggest, though do not require, that a convenient toggle interface
2257   be provided for the user to enable or disable the sending of From and
2258   Referer information.
2259
2260   The User-Agent (Section 9.9) or Server (Section 9.8) header fields
2261   can sometimes be used to determine that a specific client or server
2262   have a particular security hole which might be exploited.
2263   Unfortunately, this same information is often used for other valuable
2264   purposes for which HTTP currently has no better mechanism.
2265
2266   Some methods, like TRACE (Section 7.8) may expose information sent in
2267   request headers in the response entity.  Clients SHOULD be careful
2268   with sensitive information, like Cookies, Authorization credentials
2269   and other headers that might be used to collect data from the client.
2270
227111.2.  Encoding Sensitive Information in URIs
2272
2273   Because the source of a link might be private information or might
2274   reveal an otherwise private information source, it is strongly
2275   recommended that the user be able to select whether or not the
2276   Referer field is sent.  For example, a browser client could have a
2277   toggle switch for browsing openly/anonymously, which would
2278   respectively enable/disable the sending of Referer and From
2279   information.
2280
2281   Clients SHOULD NOT include a Referer header field in a (non-secure)
2282   HTTP request if the referring page was transferred with a secure
2283   protocol.
2284
2285   Authors of services should not use GET-based forms for the submission
2286   of sensitive data because that data will be encoded in the request-
2287   target.  Many existing servers, proxies, and user agents log or
2288   display the request-target in places where it might be visible to
2289   third parties.  Such services can use POST-based form submission
2290   instead.
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 41]
2296
2297Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2298
2299
230011.3.  Location Headers and Spoofing
2301
2302   If a single server supports multiple organizations that do not trust
2303   one another, then it MUST check the values of Location and Content-
2304   Location headers in responses that are generated under control of
2305   said organizations to make sure that they do not attempt to
2306   invalidate resources over which they have no authority.
2307
230812.  Acknowledgments
2309
231013.  References
2311
231213.1.  Normative References
2313
2314   [Part1]    Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
2315              Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed.,
2316              and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 1: URIs, Connections,
2317              and Message Parsing", draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-10
2318              (work in progress), July 2010.
2319
2320   [Part3]    Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
2321              Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed.,
2322              and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 3: Message Payload
2323              and Content Negotiation", draft-ietf-httpbis-p3-payload-10
2324              (work in progress), July 2010.
2325
2326   [Part4]    Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
2327              Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed.,
2328              and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 4: Conditional
2329              Requests", draft-ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional-10 (work in
2330              progress), July 2010.
2331
2332   [Part5]    Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
2333              Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed.,
2334              and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 5: Range Requests and
2335              Partial Responses", draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-10 (work
2336              in progress), July 2010.
2337
2338   [Part6]    Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
2339              Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed.,
2340              Nottingham, M., Ed., and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part
2341              6: Caching", draft-ietf-httpbis-p6-cache-10 (work in
2342              progress), July 2010.
2343
2344   [Part7]    Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
2345              Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed.,
2346              and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 7: Authentication",
2347              draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-10 (work in progress),
2348
2349
2350
2351Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 42]
2352
2353Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2354
2355
2356              July 2010.
2357
2358   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
2359              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
2360
2361   [RFC3986]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
2362              Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", RFC 3986,
2363              STD 66, January 2005.
2364
2365   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
2366              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.
2367
236813.2.  Informative References
2369
2370   [RFC1945]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and H. Nielsen, "Hypertext
2371              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.0", RFC 1945, May 1996.
2372
2373   [RFC2068]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Nielsen, H., and T.
2374              Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1",
2375              RFC 2068, January 1997.
2376
2377   [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
2378              Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
2379              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
2380
2381   [RFC2817]  Khare, R. and S. Lawrence, "Upgrading to TLS Within
2382              HTTP/1.1", RFC 2817, May 2000.
2383
2384   [RFC3864]  Klyne, G., Nottingham, M., and J. Mogul, "Registration
2385              Procedures for Message Header Fields", BCP 90, RFC 3864,
2386              September 2004.
2387
2388   [RFC5226]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
2389              IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
2390              May 2008.
2391
2392   [RFC5322]  Resnick, P., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322,
2393              October 2008.
2394
2395Appendix A.  Compatibility with Previous Versions
2396
2397A.1.  Changes from RFC 2068
2398
2399   Clarified which error code should be used for inbound server failures
2400   (e.g., DNS failures).  (Section 8.5.5).
2401
2402   201 (Created) had a race that required an Etag be sent when a
2403   resource is first created.  (Section 8.2.2).
2404
2405
2406
2407Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 43]
2408
2409Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2410
2411
2412   303 (See Also) and 307 (Temporary Redirect) added to address user
2413   agent failure to implement status code 302 properly.  (Section 8.3.4
2414   and 8.3.8)
2415
2416   Rewrite of message transmission requirements to make it much harder
2417   for implementors to get it wrong, as the consequences of errors here
2418   can have significant impact on the Internet, and to deal with the
2419   following problems:
2420
2421   1.  Changing "HTTP/1.1 or later" to "HTTP/1.1", in contexts where
2422       this was incorrectly placing a requirement on the behavior of an
2423       implementation of a future version of HTTP/1.x
2424
2425   2.  Made it clear that user-agents should retry requests, not
2426       "clients" in general.
2427
2428   3.  Converted requirements for clients to ignore unexpected 100
2429       (Continue) responses, and for proxies to forward 100 responses,
2430       into a general requirement for 1xx responses.
2431
2432   4.  Modified some TCP-specific language, to make it clearer that non-
2433       TCP transports are possible for HTTP.
2434
2435   5.  Require that the origin server MUST NOT wait for the request body
2436       before it sends a required 100 (Continue) response.
2437
2438   6.  Allow, rather than require, a server to omit 100 (Continue) if it
2439       has already seen some of the request body.
2440
2441   7.  Allow servers to defend against denial-of-service attacks and
2442       broken clients.
2443
2444   This change adds the Expect header and 417 status code.
2445
2446   Clean up confusion between 403 and 404 responses.  (Section 8.4.4,
2447   8.4.5, and 8.4.11)
2448
2449   The PATCH, LINK, UNLINK methods were defined but not commonly
2450   implemented in previous versions of this specification.  See Section
2451   19.6.1 of [RFC2068].
2452
2453A.2.  Changes from RFC 2616
2454
2455   This document takes over the Status Code Registry, previously defined
2456   in Section 7.1 of [RFC2817].  (Section 4.1)
2457
2458   Clarify definition of POST.  (Section 7.5)
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 44]
2464
2465Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2466
2467
2468   Failed to consider that there are many other request methods that are
2469   safe to automatically redirect, and further that the user agent is
2470   able to make that determination based on the request method
2471   semantics.  (Sections 8.3.2, 8.3.3 and 8.3.8)
2472
2473   Deprecate 305 Use Proxy status code, because user agents did not
2474   implement it.  It used to indicate that the requested resource must
2475   be accessed through the proxy given by the Location field.  The
2476   Location field gave the URI of the proxy.  The recipient was expected
2477   to repeat this single request via the proxy.  (Section 8.3.6)
2478
2479   Reclassify Allow header as response header, removing the option to
2480   specify it in a PUT request.  Relax the server requirement on the
2481   contents of the Allow header and remove requirement on clients to
2482   always trust the header value.  (Section 9.1)
2483
2484   Correct syntax of Location header to allow URI references (including
2485   relative references and fragments), as referred symbol "absoluteURI"
2486   wasn't what was expected, and add some clarifications as to when use
2487   of fragments would not be appropriate.  (Section 9.4)
2488
2489   Allow Referer value of "about:blank" as alternative to not specifying
2490   it.  (Section 9.6)
2491
2492   In the description of the Server header, the Via field was described
2493   as a SHOULD.  The requirement was and is stated correctly in the
2494   description of the Via header in Section 9.9 of [Part1].
2495   (Section 9.8)
2496
2497Appendix B.  Collected ABNF
2498
2499   Accept = <Accept, defined in [Part3], Section 5.1>
2500   Accept-Charset = <Accept-Charset, defined in [Part3], Section 5.2>
2501   Accept-Encoding = <Accept-Encoding, defined in [Part3], Section 5.3>
2502   Accept-Language = <Accept-Language, defined in [Part3], Section 5.4>
2503   Accept-Ranges = <Accept-Ranges, defined in [Part5], Section 5.1>
2504   Age = <Age, defined in [Part6], Section 3.1>
2505   Allow = "Allow:" OWS Allow-v
2506   Allow-v = [ ( "," / Method ) *( OWS "," [ OWS Method ] ) ]
2507   Authorization = <Authorization, defined in [Part7], Section 3.1>
2508
2509   ETag = <ETag, defined in [Part4], Section 6.1>
2510   Expect = "Expect:" OWS Expect-v
2511   Expect-v = *( "," OWS ) expectation *( OWS "," [ OWS expectation ] )
2512
2513   From = "From:" OWS From-v
2514   From-v = mailbox
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 45]
2520
2521Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2522
2523
2524   HTTP-date = <HTTP-date, defined in [Part1], Section 6.1>
2525   Host = <Host, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6>
2526
2527   If-Match = <If-Match, defined in [Part4], Section 6.2>
2528   If-Modified-Since =
2529    <If-Modified-Since, defined in [Part4], Section 6.3>
2530   If-None-Match = <If-None-Match, defined in [Part4], Section 6.4>
2531   If-Range = <If-Range, defined in [Part5], Section 5.3>
2532   If-Unmodified-Since =
2533    <If-Unmodified-Since, defined in [Part4], Section 6.5>
2534
2535   Location = "Location:" OWS Location-v
2536   Location-v = URI-reference
2537
2538   Max-Forwards = "Max-Forwards:" OWS Max-Forwards-v
2539   Max-Forwards-v = 1*DIGIT
2540   Method = %x4F.50.54.49.4F.4E.53 ; OPTIONS
2541    / %x47.45.54 ; GET
2542    / %x48.45.41.44 ; HEAD
2543    / %x50.4F.53.54 ; POST
2544    / %x50.55.54 ; PUT
2545    / %x44.45.4C.45.54.45 ; DELETE
2546    / %x54.52.41.43.45 ; TRACE
2547    / %x43.4F.4E.4E.45.43.54 ; CONNECT
2548    / extension-method
2549
2550   OWS = <OWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>
2551
2552   Proxy-Authenticate =
2553    <Proxy-Authenticate, defined in [Part7], Section 3.2>
2554   Proxy-Authorization =
2555    <Proxy-Authorization, defined in [Part7], Section 3.3>
2556
2557   RWS = <RWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>
2558   Range = <Range, defined in [Part5], Section 5.4>
2559   Reason-Phrase = *( WSP / VCHAR / obs-text )
2560   Referer = "Referer:" OWS Referer-v
2561   Referer-v = absolute-URI / partial-URI
2562   Retry-After = "Retry-After:" OWS Retry-After-v
2563   Retry-After-v = HTTP-date / delta-seconds
2564
2565   Server = "Server:" OWS Server-v
2566   Server-v = product *( RWS ( product / comment ) )
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 46]
2576
2577Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2578
2579
2580   Status-Code = "100" / "101" / "200" / "201" / "202" / "203" / "204" /
2581    "205" / "206" / "300" / "301" / "302" / "303" / "304" / "305" /
2582    "307" / "400" / "401" / "402" / "403" / "404" / "405" / "406" /
2583    "407" / "408" / "409" / "410" / "411" / "412" / "413" / "414" /
2584    "415" / "416" / "417" / "500" / "501" / "502" / "503" / "504" /
2585    "505" / extension-code
2586
2587   TE = <TE, defined in [Part1], Section 9.5>
2588
2589   URI-reference = <URI-reference, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6>
2590   User-Agent = "User-Agent:" OWS User-Agent-v
2591   User-Agent-v = product *( RWS ( product / comment ) )
2592
2593   Vary = <Vary, defined in [Part6], Section 3.5>
2594
2595   WWW-Authenticate =
2596    <WWW-Authenticate, defined in [Part7], Section 3.4>
2597
2598   absolute-URI = <absolute-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6>
2599
2600   comment = <comment, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2>
2601
2602   delta-seconds = 1*DIGIT
2603
2604   expect-params = ";" token [ "=" ( token / quoted-string ) ]
2605   expectation = "100-continue" / expectation-extension
2606   expectation-extension = token [ "=" ( token / quoted-string )
2607    *expect-params ]
2608   extension-code = 3DIGIT
2609   extension-method = token
2610
2611   mailbox = <mailbox, defined in [RFC5322], Section 3.4>
2612
2613   obs-text = <obs-text, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>
2614
2615   partial-URI = <partial-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.6>
2616   product = <product, defined in [Part1], Section 6.3>
2617
2618   quoted-string = <quoted-string, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>
2619
2620   request-header = Accept / Accept-Charset / Accept-Encoding /
2621    Accept-Language / Authorization / Expect / From / Host / If-Match /
2622    If-Modified-Since / If-None-Match / If-Range / If-Unmodified-Since /
2623    Max-Forwards / Proxy-Authorization / Range / Referer / TE /
2624    User-Agent
2625   response-header = Accept-Ranges / Age / Allow / ETag / Location /
2626    Proxy-Authenticate / Retry-After / Server / Vary / WWW-Authenticate
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 47]
2632
2633Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2634
2635
2636   token = <token, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2>
2637
2638   ABNF diagnostics:
2639
2640   ; Reason-Phrase defined but not used
2641   ; Status-Code defined but not used
2642   ; request-header defined but not used
2643   ; response-header defined but not used
2644
2645Appendix C.  Change Log (to be removed by RFC Editor before publication)
2646
2647C.1.  Since RFC2616
2648
2649   Extracted relevant partitions from [RFC2616].
2650
2651C.2.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-00
2652
2653   Closed issues:
2654
2655   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/5>: "Via is a MUST"
2656      (<http://purl.org/NET/http-errata#via-must>)
2657
2658   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/6>: "Fragments
2659      allowed in Location"
2660      (<http://purl.org/NET/http-errata#location-fragments>)
2661
2662   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/10>: "Safe Methods
2663      vs Redirection" (<http://purl.org/NET/http-errata#saferedirect>)
2664
2665   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/17>: "Revise
2666      description of the POST method"
2667      (<http://purl.org/NET/http-errata#post>)
2668
2669   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/35>: "Normative and
2670      Informative references"
2671
2672   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/42>: "RFC2606
2673      Compliance"
2674
2675   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/65>: "Informative
2676      references"
2677
2678   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/84>: "Redundant
2679      cross-references"
2680
2681   Other changes:
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 48]
2688
2689Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2690
2691
2692   o  Move definitions of 304 and 412 condition codes to [Part4]
2693
2694C.3.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-01
2695
2696   Closed issues:
2697
2698   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/21>: "PUT side
2699      effects"
2700
2701   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/91>: "Duplicate Host
2702      header requirements"
2703
2704   Ongoing work on ABNF conversion
2705   (<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/36>):
2706
2707   o  Move "Product Tokens" section (back) into Part 1, as "token" is
2708      used in the definition of the Upgrade header.
2709
2710   o  Add explicit references to BNF syntax and rules imported from
2711      other parts of the specification.
2712
2713   o  Copy definition of delta-seconds from Part6 instead of referencing
2714      it.
2715
2716C.4.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-02
2717
2718   Closed issues:
2719
2720   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/24>: "Requiring
2721      Allow in 405 responses"
2722
2723   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/59>: "Status Code
2724      Registry"
2725
2726   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/61>: "Redirection
2727      vs. Location"
2728
2729   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/70>: "Cacheability
2730      of 303 response"
2731
2732   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/76>: "305 Use Proxy"
2733
2734   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/105>:
2735      "Classification for Allow header"
2736
2737   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/112>: "PUT - 'store
2738      under' vs 'store at'"
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 49]
2744
2745Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2746
2747
2748   Ongoing work on IANA Message Header Registration
2749   (<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/40>):
2750
2751   o  Reference RFC 3984, and update header registrations for headers
2752      defined in this document.
2753
2754   Ongoing work on ABNF conversion
2755   (<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/36>):
2756
2757   o  Replace string literals when the string really is case-sensitive
2758      (method).
2759
2760C.5.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-03
2761
2762   Closed issues:
2763
2764   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/98>: "OPTIONS
2765      request bodies"
2766
2767   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/119>: "Description
2768      of CONNECT should refer to RFC2817"
2769
2770   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/125>: "Location
2771      Content-Location reference request/response mixup"
2772
2773   Ongoing work on Method Registry
2774   (<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/72>):
2775
2776   o  Added initial proposal for registration process, plus initial
2777      content (non-HTTP/1.1 methods to be added by a separate
2778      specification).
2779
2780C.6.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-04
2781
2782   Closed issues:
2783
2784   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/103>: "Content-*"
2785
2786   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/132>: "RFC 2822 is
2787      updated by RFC 5322"
2788
2789   Ongoing work on ABNF conversion
2790   (<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/36>):
2791
2792   o  Use "/" instead of "|" for alternatives.
2793
2794   o  Introduce new ABNF rules for "bad" whitespace ("BWS"), optional
2795      whitespace ("OWS") and required whitespace ("RWS").
2796
2797
2798
2799Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 50]
2800
2801Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2802
2803
2804   o  Rewrite ABNFs to spell out whitespace rules, factor out header
2805      value format definitions.
2806
2807C.7.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-05
2808
2809   Closed issues:
2810
2811   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/94>: "Reason-Phrase
2812      BNF"
2813
2814   Final work on ABNF conversion
2815   (<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/36>):
2816
2817   o  Add appendix containing collected and expanded ABNF, reorganize
2818      ABNF introduction.
2819
2820C.8.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-06
2821
2822   Closed issues:
2823
2824   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/144>: "Clarify when
2825      Referer is sent"
2826
2827   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/164>: "status codes
2828      vs methods"
2829
2830   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/170>: "Do not
2831      require "updates" relation for specs that register status codes or
2832      method names"
2833
2834C.9.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-07
2835
2836   Closed issues:
2837
2838   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/27>: "Idempotency"
2839
2840   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/33>: "TRACE security
2841      considerations"
2842
2843   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/110>: "Clarify rules
2844      for determining what entities a response carries"
2845
2846   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/140>: "update note
2847      citing RFC 1945 and 2068"
2848
2849   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/182>: "update note
2850      about redirect limit"
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 51]
2856
2857Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2858
2859
2860   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/191>: "Location
2861      header ABNF should use 'URI'"
2862
2863   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/192>: "fragments in
2864      Location vs status 303"
2865
2866   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/198>: "move IANA
2867      registrations for optional status codes"
2868
2869   Partly resolved issues:
2870
2871   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/171>: "Are OPTIONS
2872      and TRACE safe?"
2873
2874C.10.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-08
2875
2876   Closed issues:
2877
2878   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/10>: "Safe Methods
2879      vs Redirection" (we missed the introduction to the 3xx status
2880      codes when fixing this previously)
2881
2882C.11.  Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-09
2883
2884   Closed issues:
2885
2886   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/43>: "Fragment
2887      combination / precedence during redirects"
2888
2889   Partly resolved issues:
2890
2891   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/185>: "Location
2892      header payload handling"
2893
2894   o  <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/196>: "Term for the
2895      requested resource's URI"
2896
2897Index
2898
2899   1
2900      100 Continue (status code)  20
2901      101 Switching Protocols (status code)  20
2902
2903   2
2904      200 OK (status code)  21
2905      201 Created (status code)  21
2906      202 Accepted (status code)  22
2907      203 Non-Authoritative Information (status code)  22
2908
2909
2910
2911Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 52]
2912
2913Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2914
2915
2916      204 No Content (status code)  22
2917      205 Reset Content (status code)  23
2918      206 Partial Content (status code)  23
2919
2920   3
2921      300 Multiple Choices (status code)  23
2922      301 Moved Permanently (status code)  24
2923      302 Found (status code)  24
2924      303 See Other (status code)  25
2925      304 Not Modified (status code)  25
2926      305 Use Proxy (status code)  26
2927      306 (Unused) (status code)  26
2928      307 Temporary Redirect (status code)  26
2929
2930   4
2931      400 Bad Request (status code)  27
2932      401 Unauthorized (status code)  27
2933      402 Payment Required (status code)  27
2934      403 Forbidden (status code)  27
2935      404 Not Found (status code)  27
2936      405 Method Not Allowed (status code)  27
2937      406 Not Acceptable (status code)  28
2938      407 Proxy Authentication Required (status code)  28
2939      408 Request Timeout (status code)  28
2940      409 Conflict (status code)  28
2941      410 Gone (status code)  29
2942      411 Length Required (status code)  29
2943      412 Precondition Failed (status code)  29
2944      413 Request Entity Too Large (status code)  29
2945      414 URI Too Long (status code)  30
2946      415 Unsupported Media Type (status code)  30
2947      416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable (status code)  30
2948      417 Expectation Failed (status code)  30
2949
2950   5
2951      500 Internal Server Error (status code)  31
2952      501 Not Implemented (status code)  31
2953      502 Bad Gateway (status code)  31
2954      503 Service Unavailable (status code)  31
2955      504 Gateway Timeout (status code)  31
2956      505 HTTP Version Not Supported (status code)  31
2957
2958   A
2959      Allow header  32
2960
2961   C
2962      CONNECT method  20
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 53]
2968
2969Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
2970
2971
2972   D
2973      DELETE method  19
2974
2975   E
2976      Expect header  32
2977
2978   F
2979      From header  33
2980
2981   G
2982      GET method  16
2983      Grammar
2984         Allow  32
2985         Allow-v  32
2986         delta-seconds  36
2987         Expect  32
2988         expect-params  32
2989         Expect-v  32
2990         expectation  32
2991         expectation-extension  32
2992         extension-code  11
2993         extension-method  8
2994         From  33
2995         From-v  33
2996         Location  34
2997         Location-v  34
2998         Max-Forwards  35
2999         Max-Forwards-v  35
3000         Method  8
3001         Reason-Phrase  11
3002         Referer  36
3003         Referer-v  36
3004         request-header  9
3005         response-header  12
3006         Retry-After  36
3007         Retry-After-v  36
3008         Server  37
3009         Server-v  37
3010         Status-Code  11
3011         User-Agent  37
3012         User-Agent-v  37
3013
3014   H
3015      HEAD method  16
3016      Headers
3017         Allow  32
3018         Expect  32
3019         From  33
3020
3021
3022
3023Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 54]
3024
3025Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
3026
3027
3028         Location  34
3029         Max-Forwards  35
3030         Referer  35
3031         Retry-After  36
3032         Server  37
3033         User-Agent  37
3034
3035   I
3036      Idempotent Methods  14
3037
3038   L
3039      LINK method  44
3040      Location header  34
3041
3042   M
3043      Max-Forwards header  35
3044      Methods
3045         CONNECT  20
3046         DELETE  19
3047         GET  16
3048         HEAD  16
3049         LINK  44
3050         OPTIONS  14
3051         PATCH  44
3052         POST  17
3053         PUT  17
3054         TRACE  19
3055         UNLINK  44
3056
3057   O
3058      OPTIONS method  14
3059
3060   P
3061      PATCH method  44
3062      POST method  17
3063      PUT method  17
3064
3065   R
3066      Referer header  35
3067      Retry-After header  36
3068
3069   S
3070      Safe Methods  14
3071      Server header  37
3072      Status Codes
3073         100 Continue  20
3074         101 Switching Protocols  20
3075         200 OK  21
3076
3077
3078
3079Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 55]
3080
3081Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
3082
3083
3084         201 Created  21
3085         202 Accepted  22
3086         203 Non-Authoritative Information  22
3087         204 No Content  22
3088         205 Reset Content  23
3089         206 Partial Content  23
3090         300 Multiple Choices  23
3091         301 Moved Permanently  24
3092         302 Found  24
3093         303 See Other  25
3094         304 Not Modified  25
3095         305 Use Proxy  26
3096         306 (Unused)  26
3097         307 Temporary Redirect  26
3098         400 Bad Request  27
3099         401 Unauthorized  27
3100         402 Payment Required  27
3101         403 Forbidden  27
3102         404 Not Found  27
3103         405 Method Not Allowed  27
3104         406 Not Acceptable  28
3105         407 Proxy Authentication Required  28
3106         408 Request Timeout  28
3107         409 Conflict  28
3108         410 Gone  29
3109         411 Length Required  29
3110         412 Precondition Failed  29
3111         413 Request Entity Too Large  29
3112         414 URI Too Long  30
3113         415 Unsupported Media Type  30
3114         416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable  30
3115         417 Expectation Failed  30
3116         500 Internal Server Error  31
3117         501 Not Implemented  31
3118         502 Bad Gateway  31
3119         503 Service Unavailable  31
3120         504 Gateway Timeout  31
3121         505 HTTP Version Not Supported  31
3122
3123   T
3124      TRACE method  19
3125
3126   U
3127      UNLINK method  44
3128      User-Agent header  37
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 56]
3136
3137Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
3138
3139
3140Authors' Addresses
3141
3142   Roy T. Fielding (editor)
3143   Day Software
3144   23 Corporate Plaza DR, Suite 280
3145   Newport Beach, CA  92660
3146   USA
3147
3148   Phone: +1-949-706-5300
3149   Fax:   +1-949-706-5305
3150   EMail: fielding@gbiv.com
3151   URI:   http://roy.gbiv.com/
3152
3153
3154   Jim Gettys
3155   Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs
3156   21 Oak Knoll Road
3157   Carlisle, MA  01741
3158   USA
3159
3160   EMail: jg@freedesktop.org
3161   URI:   http://gettys.wordpress.com/
3162
3163
3164   Jeffrey C. Mogul
3165   Hewlett-Packard Company
3166   HP Labs, Large Scale Systems Group
3167   1501 Page Mill Road, MS 1177
3168   Palo Alto, CA  94304
3169   USA
3170
3171   EMail: JeffMogul@acm.org
3172
3173
3174   Henrik Frystyk Nielsen
3175   Microsoft Corporation
3176   1 Microsoft Way
3177   Redmond, WA  98052
3178   USA
3179
3180   EMail: henrikn@microsoft.com
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 57]
3192
3193Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
3194
3195
3196   Larry Masinter
3197   Adobe Systems, Incorporated
3198   345 Park Ave
3199   San Jose, CA  95110
3200   USA
3201
3202   EMail: LMM@acm.org
3203   URI:   http://larry.masinter.net/
3204
3205
3206   Paul J. Leach
3207   Microsoft Corporation
3208   1 Microsoft Way
3209   Redmond, WA  98052
3210
3211   EMail: paulle@microsoft.com
3212
3213
3214   Tim Berners-Lee
3215   World Wide Web Consortium
3216   MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
3217   The Stata Center, Building 32
3218   32 Vassar Street
3219   Cambridge, MA  02139
3220   USA
3221
3222   EMail: timbl@w3.org
3223   URI:   http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/
3224
3225
3226   Yves Lafon (editor)
3227   World Wide Web Consortium
3228   W3C / ERCIM
3229   2004, rte des Lucioles
3230   Sophia-Antipolis, AM  06902
3231   France
3232
3233   EMail: ylafon@w3.org
3234   URI:   http://www.raubacapeu.net/people/yves/
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 58]
3248
3249Internet-Draft              HTTP/1.1, Part 2                   July 2010
3250
3251
3252   Julian F. Reschke (editor)
3253   greenbytes GmbH
3254   Hafenweg 16
3255   Muenster, NW  48155
3256   Germany
3257
3258   Phone: +49 251 2807760
3259   Fax:   +49 251 2807761
3260   EMail: julian.reschke@greenbytes.de
3261   URI:   http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303Fielding, et al.        Expires January 13, 2011               [Page 59]
3304
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