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| 291 | |
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| [1099] | 294 | content: "Internet-Draft"; |
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| [52] | 295 | } |
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| 296 | @top-right { |
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| 297 | content: "December 2007"; |
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| 298 | } |
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| 299 | @top-center { |
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| 300 | content: "HTTP/1.1"; |
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| 301 | } |
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| 302 | @bottom-left { |
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| 303 | content: "Fielding, et al."; |
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| 304 | } |
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| 320 | @top-center { |
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| 321 | content: normal; |
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| 322 | } |
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| 323 | } |
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| 324 | </style><link rel="Contents" href="#rfc.toc"> |
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| 325 | <link rel="Author" href="#rfc.authors"> |
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| 326 | <link rel="Copyright" href="#rfc.copyright"> |
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| 327 | <link rel="Index" href="#rfc.index"> |
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| 328 | <link rel="Chapter" title="1 Introduction" href="#rfc.section.1"> |
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| 329 | <link rel="Chapter" title="2 Range Units" href="#rfc.section.2"> |
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| 330 | <link rel="Chapter" title="3 Status Code Definitions" href="#rfc.section.3"> |
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| 331 | <link rel="Chapter" title="4 Combining Byte Ranges" href="#rfc.section.4"> |
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| 332 | <link rel="Chapter" title="5 Header Field Definitions" href="#rfc.section.5"> |
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| 333 | <link rel="Chapter" title="6 IANA Considerations" href="#rfc.section.6"> |
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| 334 | <link rel="Chapter" title="7 Security Considerations" href="#rfc.section.7"> |
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| 335 | <link rel="Chapter" title="8 Acknowledgments" href="#rfc.section.8"> |
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| 336 | <link rel="Chapter" href="#rfc.section.9" title="9 References"> |
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| 337 | <link rel="Appendix" title="A Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges" href="#rfc.section.A"> |
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| 338 | <link rel="Appendix" title="B Changes from RFC 2068" href="#rfc.section.B"> |
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| [1099] | 339 | <meta name="generator" content="http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/rfc2629.xslt, Revision 1.537, 2010-12-30 14:21:59, XSLT vendor: SAXON 8.9 from Saxonica http://www.saxonica.com/"> |
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| 340 | <link rel="schema.dct" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> |
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| 341 | <meta name="dct.creator" content="Fielding, R."> |
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| 342 | <meta name="dct.creator" content="Gettys, J."> |
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| 343 | <meta name="dct.creator" content="Mogul, J."> |
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| 344 | <meta name="dct.creator" content="Frystyk, H."> |
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| 345 | <meta name="dct.creator" content="Masinter, L."> |
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| 346 | <meta name="dct.creator" content="Leach, P."> |
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| 347 | <meta name="dct.creator" content="Berners-Lee, T."> |
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| 348 | <meta name="dct.identifier" content="urn:ietf:id:draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-00"> |
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| 349 | <meta name="dct.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2007-12-20"> |
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| 350 | <meta name="dct.replaces" content="urn:ietf:rfc:2068"> |
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| 351 | <meta name="dct.replaces" content="urn:ietf:rfc:2616"> |
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| 352 | <meta name="dct.abstract" content="The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP has been in use by the World Wide Web global information initiative since 1990. This document is Part 5 of the seven-part specification that defines the protocol referred to as "HTTP/1.1" and, taken together, obsoletes RFC 2616. Part 5 defines range-specific requests and the rules for constructing and combining responses to those requests."> |
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| 353 | <meta name="description" content="The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP has been in use by the World Wide Web global information initiative since 1990. This document is Part 5 of the seven-part specification that defines the protocol referred to as "HTTP/1.1" and, taken together, obsoletes RFC 2616. Part 5 defines range-specific requests and the rules for constructing and combining responses to those requests."> |
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| [52] | 354 | </head> |
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| 355 | <body> |
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| [1099] | 356 | <table class="header"> |
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| 357 | <tbody> |
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| 358 | <tr> |
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| 359 | <td class="left">Network Working Group</td> |
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| 360 | <td class="right">R. Fielding, Editor</td> |
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| 361 | </tr> |
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| 362 | <tr> |
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| 363 | <td class="left">Internet-Draft</td> |
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| 364 | <td class="right">Day Software</td> |
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| 365 | </tr> |
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| 366 | <tr> |
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| 367 | <td class="left">Obsoletes: <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2068">2068</a>, <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616">2616</a> (if approved) |
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| 368 | </td> |
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| 369 | <td class="right">J. Gettys</td> |
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| 370 | </tr> |
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| 371 | <tr> |
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| 372 | <td class="left">Intended status: Standards Track</td> |
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| 373 | <td class="right">One Laptop per Child</td> |
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| 374 | </tr> |
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| 375 | <tr> |
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| 376 | <td class="left">Expires: June 22, 2008</td> |
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| 377 | <td class="right">J. Mogul</td> |
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| 378 | </tr> |
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| 379 | <tr> |
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| 380 | <td class="left"></td> |
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| 381 | <td class="right">HP</td> |
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| 382 | </tr> |
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| 383 | <tr> |
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| 384 | <td class="left"></td> |
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| 385 | <td class="right">H. Frystyk</td> |
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| 386 | </tr> |
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| 387 | <tr> |
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| 388 | <td class="left"></td> |
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| 389 | <td class="right">Microsoft</td> |
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| 390 | </tr> |
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| 391 | <tr> |
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| 392 | <td class="left"></td> |
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| 393 | <td class="right">L. Masinter</td> |
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| 394 | </tr> |
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| 395 | <tr> |
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| 396 | <td class="left"></td> |
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| 397 | <td class="right">Adobe Systems</td> |
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| 398 | </tr> |
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| 399 | <tr> |
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| 400 | <td class="left"></td> |
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| 401 | <td class="right">P. Leach</td> |
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| 402 | </tr> |
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| 403 | <tr> |
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| 404 | <td class="left"></td> |
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| 405 | <td class="right">Microsoft</td> |
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| 406 | </tr> |
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| 407 | <tr> |
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| 408 | <td class="left"></td> |
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| 409 | <td class="right">T. Berners-Lee</td> |
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| 410 | </tr> |
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| 411 | <tr> |
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| 412 | <td class="left"></td> |
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| 413 | <td class="right">W3C/MIT</td> |
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| 414 | </tr> |
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| 415 | <tr> |
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| 416 | <td class="left"></td> |
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| 417 | <td class="right">December 20, 2007</td> |
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| 418 | </tr> |
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| 419 | </tbody> |
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| [52] | 420 | </table> |
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| [54] | 421 | <p class="title">HTTP/1.1, part 5: Range Requests and Partial Responses<br><span class="filename">draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-00</span></p> |
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| [52] | 422 | <h1><a id="rfc.status" href="#rfc.status">Status of this Memo</a></h1> |
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| 423 | <p>By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she |
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| 424 | is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section |
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| 425 | 6 of BCP 79. |
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| 426 | </p> |
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| 427 | <p>Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note |
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| 428 | that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. |
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| 429 | </p> |
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| 430 | <p>Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other |
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| 431 | documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as “work |
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| 432 | in progress”. |
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| 433 | </p> |
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| [1099] | 434 | <p>The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at <a href="http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt">http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt</a>. |
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| [52] | 435 | </p> |
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| [1099] | 436 | <p>The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at <a href="http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html">http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html</a>. |
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| [52] | 437 | </p> |
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| [1099] | 438 | <p>This Internet-Draft will expire on June 22, 2008.</p> |
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| [52] | 439 | <h1 id="rfc.abstract"><a href="#rfc.abstract">Abstract</a></h1> |
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| 440 | <p>The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information |
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| 441 | systems. HTTP has been in use by the World Wide Web global information initiative since 1990. This document is Part 5 of the |
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| 442 | seven-part specification that defines the protocol referred to as "HTTP/1.1" and, taken together, obsoletes RFC 2616. Part |
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| 443 | 5 defines range-specific requests and the rules for constructing and combining responses to those requests. |
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| 444 | </p> |
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| 445 | <h1 id="rfc.note.1"><a href="#rfc.note.1">Editorial Note (To be removed by RFC Editor)</a></h1> |
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| 446 | <p>This version of the HTTP specification contains only minimal editorial changes from <a href="#RFC2616" id="rfc.xref.RFC2616.1"><cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1">[RFC2616]</cite></a> (abstract, introductory paragraph, and authors' addresses). All other changes are due to partitioning the original into seven |
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| 447 | mostly independent parts. The intent is for readers of future drafts to able to use draft 00 as the basis for comparison when |
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| 448 | the WG makes later changes to the specification text. This draft will shortly be followed by draft 01 (containing the first |
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| 449 | round of changes that have already been agreed to on the mailing list). There is no point in reviewing this draft other than |
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| 450 | to verify that the partitioning has been done correctly. Roy T. Fielding, Yves Lafon, and Julian Reschke will be the editors |
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| 451 | after draft 00 is submitted. |
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| 452 | </p> |
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| 453 | <p>Discussion of this draft should take place on the HTTPBIS working group mailing list (ietf-http-wg@w3.org). The current issues |
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| [62] | 454 | list is at <<a href="http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/report/11">http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/report/11</a>> and related documents (including fancy diffs) can be found at <<a href="http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/">http://www3.tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/</a>>. |
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| [52] | 455 | </p> |
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| 456 | <hr class="noprint"> |
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| 457 | <h1 class="np" id="rfc.toc"><a href="#rfc.toc">Table of Contents</a></h1> |
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| 458 | <ul class="toc"> |
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| [1099] | 459 | <li>1. <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li> |
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| 460 | <li>2. <a href="#range.units">Range Units</a></li> |
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| 461 | <li>3. <a href="#rfc.section.3">Status Code Definitions</a><ul> |
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| 462 | <li>3.1 <a href="#status.206">206 Partial Content</a></li> |
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| 463 | <li>3.2 <a href="#status.416">416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable</a></li> |
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| [52] | 464 | </ul> |
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| 465 | </li> |
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| [1099] | 466 | <li>4. <a href="#combining.byte.ranges">Combining Byte Ranges</a></li> |
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| 467 | <li>5. <a href="#header.fields">Header Field Definitions</a><ul> |
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| 468 | <li>5.1 <a href="#header.accept-ranges">Accept-Ranges</a></li> |
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| 469 | <li>5.2 <a href="#header.content-range">Content-Range</a></li> |
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| 470 | <li>5.3 <a href="#header.if-range">If-Range</a></li> |
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| 471 | <li>5.4 <a href="#header.range">Range</a><ul> |
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| 472 | <li>5.4.1 <a href="#byte.ranges">Byte Ranges</a></li> |
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| 473 | <li>5.4.2 <a href="#range.retrieval.requests">Range Retrieval Requests</a></li> |
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| [52] | 474 | </ul> |
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| 475 | </li> |
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| 476 | </ul> |
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| 477 | </li> |
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| [1099] | 478 | <li>6. <a href="#IANA.considerations">IANA Considerations</a></li> |
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| 479 | <li>7. <a href="#security.considerations">Security Considerations</a></li> |
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| 480 | <li>8. <a href="#ack">Acknowledgments</a></li> |
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| 481 | <li>9. <a href="#rfc.references">References</a></li> |
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| 482 | <li><a href="#rfc.authors">Authors' Addresses</a></li> |
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| 483 | <li>A. <a href="#internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges">Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges</a></li> |
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| 484 | <li>B. <a href="#changes.from.rfc.2068">Changes from RFC 2068</a></li> |
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| 485 | <li><a href="#rfc.index">Index</a></li> |
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| 486 | <li><a href="#rfc.ipr">Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements</a></li> |
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| [52] | 487 | </ul> |
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| 488 | <h1 id="rfc.section.1" class="np"><a href="#rfc.section.1">1.</a> <a id="introduction" href="#introduction">Introduction</a></h1> |
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| 489 | <p id="rfc.section.1.p.1">This document will define aspects of HTTP related to range requests, partial responses, and the multipart/byteranges media |
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| 490 | type. Right now it only includes the extracted relevant sections of <a href="#RFC2616">RFC 2616</a> <cite title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1" id="rfc.xref.RFC2616.2">[RFC2616]</cite> without edit. |
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| 491 | </p> |
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| 492 | <h1 id="rfc.section.2"><a href="#rfc.section.2">2.</a> <a id="range.units" href="#range.units">Range Units</a></h1> |
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| 493 | <p id="rfc.section.2.p.1">HTTP/1.1 allows a client to request that only part (a range of) the response entity be included within the response. HTTP/1.1 |
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| 494 | uses range units in the Range (<a href="#header.range" id="rfc.xref.header.range.1" title="Range">Section 5.4</a>) and Content-Range (<a href="#header.content-range" id="rfc.xref.header.content-range.1" title="Content-Range">Section 5.2</a>) header fields. An entity can be broken down into subranges according to various structural units. |
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| 495 | </p> |
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| 496 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.1"></div><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.1"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.2"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.3"></span> range-unit = bytes-unit | other-range-unit |
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| 497 | bytes-unit = "bytes" |
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| 498 | other-range-unit = token |
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| 499 | </pre><p id="rfc.section.2.p.3">The only range unit defined by HTTP/1.1 is "bytes". HTTP/1.1 implementations <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> ignore ranges specified using other units. |
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| 500 | </p> |
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| 501 | <p id="rfc.section.2.p.4">HTTP/1.1 has been designed to allow implementations of applications that do not depend on knowledge of ranges.</p> |
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| 502 | <h1 id="rfc.section.3"><a href="#rfc.section.3">3.</a> Status Code Definitions |
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| 503 | </h1> |
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| 504 | <div id="rfc.iref.3"></div> |
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| 505 | <div id="rfc.iref.s.1"></div> |
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| 506 | <h2 id="rfc.section.3.1"><a href="#rfc.section.3.1">3.1</a> <a id="status.206" href="#status.206">206 Partial Content</a></h2> |
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| 507 | <p id="rfc.section.3.1.p.1">The server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource. The request <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> have included a Range header field (<a href="#header.range" id="rfc.xref.header.range.2" title="Range">Section 5.4</a>) indicating the desired range, and <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> have included an If-Range header field (<a href="#header.if-range" id="rfc.xref.header.if-range.1" title="If-Range">Section 5.3</a>) to make the request conditional. |
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| 508 | </p> |
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| 509 | <p id="rfc.section.3.1.p.2">The response <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> include the following header fields: |
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| 510 | </p> |
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| 511 | <ul> |
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| 512 | <li>Either a Content-Range header field (<a href="#header.content-range" id="rfc.xref.header.content-range.2" title="Content-Range">Section 5.2</a>) indicating the range included with this response, or a multipart/byteranges Content-Type including Content-Range fields |
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| 513 | for each part. If a Content-Length header field is present in the response, its value <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> match the actual number of OCTETs transmitted in the message-body. |
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| 514 | </li> |
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| 515 | <li>Date</li> |
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| 516 | <li>ETag and/or Content-Location, if the header would have been sent in a 200 response to the same request</li> |
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| 517 | <li>Expires, Cache-Control, and/or Vary, if the field-value might differ from that sent in any previous response for the same |
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| 518 | variant |
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| 519 | </li> |
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| 520 | </ul> |
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| [54] | 521 | <p id="rfc.section.3.1.p.3">If the 206 response is the result of an If-Range request that used a strong cache validator (see <a href="p4-conditional.html#weak.and.strong.validators" title="Weak and Strong Validators">Section 4</a> of <a href="#Part4" id="rfc.xref.Part4.1"><cite title="HTTP/1.1, part 4: Conditional Requests">[Part4]</cite></a>), the response <em class="bcp14">SHOULD NOT</em> include other entity-headers. If the response is the result of an If-Range request that used a weak validator, the response <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> include other entity-headers; this prevents inconsistencies between cached entity-bodies and updated headers. Otherwise, the |
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| [52] | 522 | response <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> include all of the entity-headers that would have been returned with a 200 (OK) response to the same request. |
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| 523 | </p> |
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| 524 | <p id="rfc.section.3.1.p.4">A cache <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> combine a 206 response with other previously cached content if the ETag or Last-Modified headers do not match exactly, see <a href="#combining.byte.ranges" title="Combining Byte Ranges">4</a>. |
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| 525 | </p> |
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| 526 | <p id="rfc.section.3.1.p.5">A cache that does not support the Range and Content-Range headers <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> cache 206 (Partial) responses. |
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| 527 | </p> |
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| 528 | <div id="rfc.iref.4"></div> |
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| 529 | <div id="rfc.iref.s.2"></div> |
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| 530 | <h2 id="rfc.section.3.2"><a href="#rfc.section.3.2">3.2</a> <a id="status.416" href="#status.416">416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable</a></h2> |
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| 531 | <p id="rfc.section.3.2.p.1">A server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> return a response with this status code if a request included a Range request-header field (<a href="#header.range" id="rfc.xref.header.range.3" title="Range">Section 5.4</a>), and none of the range-specifier values in this field overlap the current extent of the selected resource, and the request |
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| 532 | did not include an If-Range request-header field. (For byte-ranges, this means that the first-byte-pos of all of the byte-range-spec |
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| 533 | values were greater than the current length of the selected resource.) |
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| 534 | </p> |
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| 535 | <p id="rfc.section.3.2.p.2">When this status code is returned for a byte-range request, the response <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> include a Content-Range entity-header field specifying the current length of the selected resource (see <a href="#header.content-range" id="rfc.xref.header.content-range.3" title="Content-Range">Section 5.2</a>). This response <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> use the multipart/byteranges content-type. |
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| 536 | </p> |
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| 537 | <h1 id="rfc.section.4"><a href="#rfc.section.4">4.</a> <a id="combining.byte.ranges" href="#combining.byte.ranges">Combining Byte Ranges</a></h1> |
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| 538 | <p id="rfc.section.4.p.1">A response might transfer only a subrange of the bytes of an entity-body, either because the request included one or more |
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| 539 | Range specifications, or because a connection was broken prematurely. After several such transfers, a cache might have received |
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| 540 | several ranges of the same entity-body. |
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| 541 | </p> |
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| 542 | <p id="rfc.section.4.p.2">If a cache has a stored non-empty set of subranges for an entity, and an incoming response transfers another subrange, the |
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| 543 | cache <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> combine the new subrange with the existing set if both the following conditions are met: |
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| 544 | </p> |
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| 545 | <ul> |
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| 546 | <li>Both the incoming response and the cache entry have a cache validator.</li> |
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| [54] | 547 | <li>The two cache validators match using the strong comparison function (see <a href="p4-conditional.html#weak.and.strong.validators" title="Weak and Strong Validators">Section 4</a> of <a href="#Part4" id="rfc.xref.Part4.2"><cite title="HTTP/1.1, part 4: Conditional Requests">[Part4]</cite></a>). |
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| [52] | 548 | </li> |
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| 549 | </ul> |
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| 550 | <p id="rfc.section.4.p.3">If either requirement is not met, the cache <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> use only the most recent partial response (based on the Date values transmitted with every response, and using the incoming |
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| 551 | response if these values are equal or missing), and <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> discard the other partial information. |
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| 552 | </p> |
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| 553 | <h1 id="rfc.section.5"><a href="#rfc.section.5">5.</a> <a id="header.fields" href="#header.fields">Header Field Definitions</a></h1> |
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| 554 | <p id="rfc.section.5.p.1">This section defines the syntax and semantics of all standard HTTP/1.1 header fields. For entity-header fields, both sender |
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| 555 | and recipient refer to either the client or the server, depending on who sends and who receives the entity. |
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| 556 | </p> |
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| 557 | <div id="rfc.iref.a.1"></div> |
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| 558 | <div id="rfc.iref.h.1"></div> |
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| 559 | <h2 id="rfc.section.5.1"><a href="#rfc.section.5.1">5.1</a> <a id="header.accept-ranges" href="#header.accept-ranges">Accept-Ranges</a></h2> |
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| 560 | <p id="rfc.section.5.1.p.1">The Accept-Ranges response-header field allows the server to indicate its acceptance of range requests for a resource:</p> |
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| 561 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.2"></div><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.4"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.5"></span> Accept-Ranges = "Accept-Ranges" ":" acceptable-ranges |
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| 562 | acceptable-ranges = 1#range-unit | "none" |
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| 563 | </pre><p id="rfc.section.5.1.p.3">Origin servers that accept byte-range requests <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> send |
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| 564 | </p> |
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| 565 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.3"></div><pre class="text"> Accept-Ranges: bytes |
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| 566 | </pre><p id="rfc.section.5.1.p.5">but are not required to do so. Clients <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> generate byte-range requests without having received this header for the resource involved. Range units are defined in <a href="#range.units" title="Range Units">Section 2</a>. |
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| 567 | </p> |
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| 568 | <p id="rfc.section.5.1.p.6">Servers that do not accept any kind of range request for a resource <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> send |
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| 569 | </p> |
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| 570 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.4"></div><pre class="text"> Accept-Ranges: none |
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| 571 | </pre><p id="rfc.section.5.1.p.8">to advise the client not to attempt a range request.</p> |
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| 572 | <div id="rfc.iref.c.1"></div> |
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| 573 | <div id="rfc.iref.h.2"></div> |
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| 574 | <h2 id="rfc.section.5.2"><a href="#rfc.section.5.2">5.2</a> <a id="header.content-range" href="#header.content-range">Content-Range</a></h2> |
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| 575 | <p id="rfc.section.5.2.p.1">The Content-Range entity-header is sent with a partial entity-body to specify where in the full entity-body the partial body |
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| 576 | should be applied. Range units are defined in <a href="#range.units" title="Range Units">Section 2</a>. |
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| 577 | </p> |
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| 578 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.5"></div><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.6"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.7"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.8"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.9"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.10"></span> Content-Range = "Content-Range" ":" content-range-spec |
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| 579 | |
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| 580 | content-range-spec = byte-content-range-spec |
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| 581 | byte-content-range-spec = bytes-unit SP |
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| 582 | byte-range-resp-spec "/" |
|---|
| 583 | ( instance-length | "*" ) |
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| 584 | |
|---|
| 585 | byte-range-resp-spec = (first-byte-pos "-" last-byte-pos) |
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| 586 | | "*" |
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| 587 | instance-length = 1*DIGIT |
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| 588 | </pre><p id="rfc.section.5.2.p.3">The header <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> indicate the total length of the full entity-body, unless this length is unknown or difficult to determine. The asterisk "*" |
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| 589 | character means that the instance-length is unknown at the time when the response was generated. |
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| 590 | </p> |
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| 591 | <p id="rfc.section.5.2.p.4">Unlike byte-ranges-specifier values (see <a href="#byte.ranges" title="Byte Ranges">Section 5.4.1</a>), a byte-range-resp-spec <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> only specify one range, and <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> contain absolute byte positions for both the first and last byte of the range. |
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| 592 | </p> |
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| 593 | <p id="rfc.section.5.2.p.5">A byte-content-range-spec with a byte-range-resp-spec whose last-byte-pos value is less than its first-byte-pos value, or |
|---|
| 594 | whose instance-length value is less than or equal to its last-byte-pos value, is invalid. The recipient of an invalid byte-content-range-spec <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> ignore it and any content transferred along with it. |
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| 595 | </p> |
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| 596 | <p id="rfc.section.5.2.p.6">A server sending a response with status code 416 (Requested range not satisfiable) <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> include a Content-Range field with a byte-range-resp-spec of "*". The instance-length specifies the current length of the |
|---|
| 597 | selected resource. A response with status code 206 (Partial Content) <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> include a Content-Range field with a byte-range-resp-spec of "*". |
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| 598 | </p> |
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| 599 | <p id="rfc.section.5.2.p.7">Examples of byte-content-range-spec values, assuming that the entity contains a total of 1234 bytes: </p> |
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| 600 | <ul> |
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| 601 | <li>The first 500 bytes: |
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| 602 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.6"></div><pre class="text"> bytes 0-499/1234 |
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| 603 | </pre> </li> |
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| 604 | <li>The second 500 bytes: |
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| 605 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.7"></div><pre class="text"> bytes 500-999/1234 |
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| 606 | </pre> </li> |
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| 607 | <li>All except for the first 500 bytes: |
|---|
| 608 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.8"></div><pre class="text"> bytes 500-1233/1234 |
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| 609 | </pre> </li> |
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| 610 | <li>The last 500 bytes: |
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| 611 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.9"></div><pre class="text"> bytes 734-1233/1234 |
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| 612 | </pre> </li> |
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| 613 | </ul> |
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| 614 | <p id="rfc.section.5.2.p.8">When an HTTP message includes the content of a single range (for example, a response to a request for a single range, or to |
|---|
| 615 | a request for a set of ranges that overlap without any holes), this content is transmitted with a Content-Range header, and |
|---|
| 616 | a Content-Length header showing the number of bytes actually transferred. For example, |
|---|
| 617 | </p> |
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| 618 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.10"></div><pre class="text"> HTTP/1.1 206 Partial content |
|---|
| 619 | Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 06:25:24 GMT |
|---|
| 620 | Last-Modified: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 04:58:08 GMT |
|---|
| 621 | Content-Range: bytes 21010-47021/47022 |
|---|
| 622 | Content-Length: 26012 |
|---|
| 623 | Content-Type: image/gif |
|---|
| 624 | </pre><p id="rfc.section.5.2.p.10">When an HTTP message includes the content of multiple ranges (for example, a response to a request for multiple non-overlapping |
|---|
| 625 | ranges), these are transmitted as a multipart message. The multipart media type used for this purpose is "multipart/byteranges" |
|---|
| 626 | as defined in <a href="#internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges" title="Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges">Appendix A</a>. See <a href="#changes.from.rfc.2068" title="Changes from RFC 2068">Appendix B</a> for a compatibility issue. |
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| 627 | </p> |
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| 628 | <p id="rfc.section.5.2.p.11">A response to a request for a single range <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> be sent using the multipart/byteranges media type. A response to a request for multiple ranges, whose result is a single range, <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> be sent as a multipart/byteranges media type with one part. A client that cannot decode a multipart/byteranges message <em class="bcp14">MUST NOT</em> ask for multiple byte-ranges in a single request. |
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| 629 | </p> |
|---|
| 630 | <p id="rfc.section.5.2.p.12">When a client requests multiple byte-ranges in one request, the server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> return them in the order that they appeared in the request. |
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| 631 | </p> |
|---|
| 632 | <p id="rfc.section.5.2.p.13">If the server ignores a byte-range-spec because it is syntactically invalid, the server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> treat the request as if the invalid Range header field did not exist. (Normally, this means return a 200 response containing |
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| 633 | the full entity). |
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| 634 | </p> |
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| 635 | <p id="rfc.section.5.2.p.14">If the server receives a request (other than one including an If-Range request-header field) with an unsatisfiable Range request-header |
|---|
| 636 | field (that is, all of whose byte-range-spec values have a first-byte-pos value greater than the current length of the selected |
|---|
| 637 | resource), it <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> return a response code of 416 (Requested range not satisfiable) (<a href="#status.416" id="rfc.xref.status.416.1" title="416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable">Section 3.2</a>). |
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| 638 | </p> |
|---|
| [1099] | 639 | <ul class="empty"> |
|---|
| 640 | <li> <b>Note:</b> clients cannot depend on servers to send a 416 (Requested range not satisfiable) response instead of a 200 (OK) response for |
|---|
| [52] | 641 | an unsatisfiable Range request-header, since not all servers implement this request-header. |
|---|
| [1099] | 642 | </li> |
|---|
| 643 | </ul> |
|---|
| [52] | 644 | <div id="rfc.iref.i.1"></div> |
|---|
| 645 | <div id="rfc.iref.h.3"></div> |
|---|
| 646 | <h2 id="rfc.section.5.3"><a href="#rfc.section.5.3">5.3</a> <a id="header.if-range" href="#header.if-range">If-Range</a></h2> |
|---|
| 647 | <p id="rfc.section.5.3.p.1">If a client has a partial copy of an entity in its cache, and wishes to have an up-to-date copy of the entire entity in its |
|---|
| 648 | cache, it could use the Range request-header with a conditional GET (using either or both of If-Unmodified-Since and If-Match.) |
|---|
| 649 | However, if the condition fails because the entity has been modified, the client would then have to make a second request |
|---|
| 650 | to obtain the entire current entity-body. |
|---|
| 651 | </p> |
|---|
| 652 | <p id="rfc.section.5.3.p.2">The If-Range header allows a client to "short-circuit" the second request. Informally, its meaning is `if the entity is unchanged, |
|---|
| 653 | send me the part(s) that I am missing; otherwise, send me the entire new entity'. |
|---|
| 654 | </p> |
|---|
| 655 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.11"></div><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.11"></span> If-Range = "If-Range" ":" ( entity-tag | HTTP-date ) |
|---|
| 656 | </pre><p id="rfc.section.5.3.p.4">If the client has no entity tag for an entity, but does have a Last-Modified date, it <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> use that date in an If-Range header. (The server can distinguish between a valid HTTP-date and any form of entity-tag by examining |
|---|
| 657 | no more than two characters.) The If-Range header <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> only be used together with a Range header, and <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> be ignored if the request does not include a Range header, or if the server does not support the sub-range operation. |
|---|
| 658 | </p> |
|---|
| 659 | <p id="rfc.section.5.3.p.5">If the entity tag given in the If-Range header matches the current entity tag for the entity, then the server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> provide the specified sub-range of the entity using a 206 (Partial content) response. If the entity tag does not match, then |
|---|
| 660 | the server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> return the entire entity using a 200 (OK) response. |
|---|
| 661 | </p> |
|---|
| 662 | <div id="rfc.iref.r.1"></div> |
|---|
| 663 | <div id="rfc.iref.h.4"></div> |
|---|
| 664 | <h2 id="rfc.section.5.4"><a href="#rfc.section.5.4">5.4</a> <a id="header.range" href="#header.range">Range</a></h2> |
|---|
| 665 | <h3 id="rfc.section.5.4.1"><a href="#rfc.section.5.4.1">5.4.1</a> <a id="byte.ranges" href="#byte.ranges">Byte Ranges</a></h3> |
|---|
| 666 | <p id="rfc.section.5.4.1.p.1">Since all HTTP entities are represented in HTTP messages as sequences of bytes, the concept of a byte range is meaningful |
|---|
| 667 | for any HTTP entity. (However, not all clients and servers need to support byte-range operations.) |
|---|
| 668 | </p> |
|---|
| 669 | <p id="rfc.section.5.4.1.p.2">Byte range specifications in HTTP apply to the sequence of bytes in the entity-body (not necessarily the same as the message-body).</p> |
|---|
| 670 | <p id="rfc.section.5.4.1.p.3">A byte range operation <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> specify a single range of bytes, or a set of ranges within a single entity. |
|---|
| 671 | </p> |
|---|
| 672 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.12"></div><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.12"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.13"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.14"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.15"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.16"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.17"></span> ranges-specifier = byte-ranges-specifier |
|---|
| 673 | byte-ranges-specifier = bytes-unit "=" byte-range-set |
|---|
| 674 | byte-range-set = 1#( byte-range-spec | suffix-byte-range-spec ) |
|---|
| 675 | byte-range-spec = first-byte-pos "-" [last-byte-pos] |
|---|
| 676 | first-byte-pos = 1*DIGIT |
|---|
| 677 | last-byte-pos = 1*DIGIT |
|---|
| 678 | </pre><p id="rfc.section.5.4.1.p.5">The first-byte-pos value in a byte-range-spec gives the byte-offset of the first byte in a range. The last-byte-pos value |
|---|
| 679 | gives the byte-offset of the last byte in the range; that is, the byte positions specified are inclusive. Byte offsets start |
|---|
| 680 | at zero. |
|---|
| 681 | </p> |
|---|
| 682 | <p id="rfc.section.5.4.1.p.6">If the last-byte-pos value is present, it <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> be greater than or equal to the first-byte-pos in that byte-range-spec, or the byte-range-spec is syntactically invalid. The |
|---|
| 683 | recipient of a byte-range-set that includes one or more syntactically invalid byte-range-spec values <em class="bcp14">MUST</em> ignore the header field that includes that byte-range-set. |
|---|
| 684 | </p> |
|---|
| 685 | <p id="rfc.section.5.4.1.p.7">If the last-byte-pos value is absent, or if the value is greater than or equal to the current length of the entity-body, last-byte-pos |
|---|
| 686 | is taken to be equal to one less than the current length of the entity-body in bytes. |
|---|
| 687 | </p> |
|---|
| 688 | <p id="rfc.section.5.4.1.p.8">By its choice of last-byte-pos, a client can limit the number of bytes retrieved without knowing the size of the entity.</p> |
|---|
| 689 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.13"></div><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.18"></span><span id="rfc.iref.g.19"></span> suffix-byte-range-spec = "-" suffix-length |
|---|
| 690 | suffix-length = 1*DIGIT |
|---|
| 691 | </pre><p id="rfc.section.5.4.1.p.10">A suffix-byte-range-spec is used to specify the suffix of the entity-body, of a length given by the suffix-length value. (That |
|---|
| 692 | is, this form specifies the last N bytes of an entity-body.) If the entity is shorter than the specified suffix-length, the |
|---|
| 693 | entire entity-body is used. |
|---|
| 694 | </p> |
|---|
| 695 | <p id="rfc.section.5.4.1.p.11">If a syntactically valid byte-range-set includes at least one byte-range-spec whose first-byte-pos is less than the current |
|---|
| 696 | length of the entity-body, or at least one suffix-byte-range-spec with a non-zero suffix-length, then the byte-range-set is |
|---|
| 697 | satisfiable. Otherwise, the byte-range-set is unsatisfiable. If the byte-range-set is unsatisfiable, the server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> return a response with a status of 416 (Requested range not satisfiable). Otherwise, the server <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> return a response with a status of 206 (Partial Content) containing the satisfiable ranges of the entity-body. |
|---|
| 698 | </p> |
|---|
| 699 | <p id="rfc.section.5.4.1.p.12">Examples of byte-ranges-specifier values (assuming an entity-body of length 10000): </p> |
|---|
| 700 | <ul> |
|---|
| 701 | <li>The first 500 bytes (byte offsets 0-499, inclusive): bytes=0-499</li> |
|---|
| 702 | <li>The second 500 bytes (byte offsets 500-999, inclusive): bytes=500-999</li> |
|---|
| 703 | <li>The final 500 bytes (byte offsets 9500-9999, inclusive): bytes=-500</li> |
|---|
| 704 | <li>Or bytes=9500-</li> |
|---|
| 705 | <li>The first and last bytes only (bytes 0 and 9999): bytes=0-0,-1</li> |
|---|
| 706 | <li>Several legal but not canonical specifications of the second 500 bytes (byte offsets 500-999, inclusive): <br> bytes=500-600,601-999<br> bytes=500-700,601-999 |
|---|
| 707 | </li> |
|---|
| 708 | </ul> |
|---|
| 709 | <h3 id="rfc.section.5.4.2"><a href="#rfc.section.5.4.2">5.4.2</a> <a id="range.retrieval.requests" href="#range.retrieval.requests">Range Retrieval Requests</a></h3> |
|---|
| 710 | <p id="rfc.section.5.4.2.p.1">HTTP retrieval requests using conditional or unconditional GET methods <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> request one or more sub-ranges of the entity, instead of the entire entity, using the Range request header, which applies |
|---|
| 711 | to the entity returned as the result of the request: |
|---|
| 712 | </p> |
|---|
| 713 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.14"></div><pre class="inline"><span id="rfc.iref.g.20"></span> Range = "Range" ":" ranges-specifier |
|---|
| 714 | </pre><p id="rfc.section.5.4.2.p.3">A server <em class="bcp14">MAY</em> ignore the Range header. However, HTTP/1.1 origin servers and intermediate caches ought to support byte ranges when possible, |
|---|
| 715 | since Range supports efficient recovery from partially failed transfers, and supports efficient partial retrieval of large |
|---|
| 716 | entities. |
|---|
| 717 | </p> |
|---|
| 718 | <p id="rfc.section.5.4.2.p.4">If the server supports the Range header and the specified range or ranges are appropriate for the entity: </p> |
|---|
| 719 | <ul> |
|---|
| 720 | <li>The presence of a Range header in an unconditional GET modifies what is returned if the GET is otherwise successful. In other |
|---|
| 721 | words, the response carries a status code of 206 (Partial Content) instead of 200 (OK). |
|---|
| 722 | </li> |
|---|
| 723 | <li>The presence of a Range header in a conditional GET (a request using one or both of If-Modified-Since and If-None-Match, or |
|---|
| 724 | one or both of If-Unmodified-Since and If-Match) modifies what is returned if the GET is otherwise successful and the condition |
|---|
| 725 | is true. It does not affect the 304 (Not Modified) response returned if the conditional is false. |
|---|
| 726 | </li> |
|---|
| 727 | </ul> |
|---|
| 728 | <p id="rfc.section.5.4.2.p.5">In some cases, it might be more appropriate to use the If-Range header (see <a href="#header.if-range" id="rfc.xref.header.if-range.2" title="If-Range">Section 5.3</a>) in addition to the Range header. |
|---|
| 729 | </p> |
|---|
| 730 | <p id="rfc.section.5.4.2.p.6">If a proxy that supports ranges receives a Range request, forwards the request to an inbound server, and receives an entire |
|---|
| 731 | entity in reply, it <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> only return the requested range to its client. It <em class="bcp14">SHOULD</em> store the entire received response in its cache if that is consistent with its cache allocation policies. |
|---|
| 732 | </p> |
|---|
| 733 | <h1 id="rfc.section.6"><a href="#rfc.section.6">6.</a> <a id="IANA.considerations" href="#IANA.considerations">IANA Considerations</a></h1> |
|---|
| 734 | <p id="rfc.section.6.p.1">TBD.</p> |
|---|
| 735 | <h1 id="rfc.section.7"><a href="#rfc.section.7">7.</a> <a id="security.considerations" href="#security.considerations">Security Considerations</a></h1> |
|---|
| 736 | <p id="rfc.section.7.p.1">No additional security considerations have been identified beyond those applicable to HTTP in general <a href="#Part1" id="rfc.xref.Part1.1"><cite title="HTTP/1.1, part 1: URIs, Connections, and Message Parsing">[Part1]</cite></a>. |
|---|
| 737 | </p> |
|---|
| 738 | <h1 id="rfc.section.8"><a href="#rfc.section.8">8.</a> <a id="ack" href="#ack">Acknowledgments</a></h1> |
|---|
| 739 | <p id="rfc.section.8.p.1">Most of the specification of ranges is based on work originally done by Ari Luotonen and John Franks, with additional input |
|---|
| 740 | from Steve Zilles. |
|---|
| 741 | </p> |
|---|
| 742 | <p id="rfc.section.8.p.2">Based on an XML translation of RFC 2616 by Julian Reschke.</p> |
|---|
| 743 | <h1 id="rfc.references"><a href="#rfc.section.9" id="rfc.section.9">9.</a> References |
|---|
| 744 | </h1> |
|---|
| [1099] | 745 | <table> |
|---|
| [52] | 746 | <tr> |
|---|
| 747 | <td class="reference"><b id="Part1">[Part1]</b></td> |
|---|
| [1099] | 748 | <td class="top"><a href="mailto:fielding@gbiv.com" title="Day Software">Fielding, R., Ed.</a>, <a href="mailto:jg@laptop.org" title="One Laptop per Child">Gettys, J.</a>, <a href="mailto:JeffMogul@acm.org" title="Hewlett-Packard Company">Mogul, J.</a>, <a href="mailto:henrikn@microsoft.com" title="Microsoft Corporation">Frystyk, H.</a>, <a href="mailto:LMM@acm.org" title="Adobe Systems, Incorporated">Masinter, L.</a>, <a href="mailto:paulle@microsoft.com" title="Microsoft Corporation">Leach, P.</a>, and <a href="mailto:timbl@w3.org" title="World Wide Web Consortium">T. Berners-Lee</a>, “<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-00">HTTP/1.1, part 1: URIs, Connections, and Message Parsing</a>”, Internet-Draft draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-00 (work in progress), December 2007. |
|---|
| [52] | 749 | </td> |
|---|
| 750 | </tr> |
|---|
| 751 | <tr> |
|---|
| 752 | <td class="reference"><b id="Part4">[Part4]</b></td> |
|---|
| [1099] | 753 | <td class="top"><a href="mailto:fielding@gbiv.com" title="Day Software">Fielding, R., Ed.</a>, <a href="mailto:jg@laptop.org" title="One Laptop per Child">Gettys, J.</a>, <a href="mailto:JeffMogul@acm.org" title="Hewlett-Packard Company">Mogul, J.</a>, <a href="mailto:henrikn@microsoft.com" title="Microsoft Corporation">Frystyk, H.</a>, <a href="mailto:LMM@acm.org" title="Adobe Systems, Incorporated">Masinter, L.</a>, <a href="mailto:paulle@microsoft.com" title="Microsoft Corporation">Leach, P.</a>, and <a href="mailto:timbl@w3.org" title="World Wide Web Consortium">T. Berners-Lee</a>, “<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional-00">HTTP/1.1, part 4: Conditional Requests</a>”, Internet-Draft draft-ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional-00 (work in progress), December 2007. |
|---|
| [52] | 754 | </td> |
|---|
| 755 | </tr> |
|---|
| 756 | <tr> |
|---|
| 757 | <td class="reference"><b id="RFC2046">[RFC2046]</b></td> |
|---|
| [1099] | 758 | <td class="top"><a href="mailto:ned@innosoft.com" title="Innosoft International, Inc.">Freed, N.</a> and <a href="mailto:nsb@nsb.fv.com" title="First Virtual Holdings">N. Borenstein</a>, “<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2046">Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types</a>”, RFC 2046, November 1996. |
|---|
| [52] | 759 | </td> |
|---|
| 760 | </tr> |
|---|
| 761 | <tr> |
|---|
| 762 | <td class="reference"><b id="RFC2616">[RFC2616]</b></td> |
|---|
| [1099] | 763 | <td class="top"><a href="mailto:fielding@ics.uci.edu" title="University of California, Irvine">Fielding, R.</a>, <a href="mailto:jg@w3.org" title="W3C">Gettys, J.</a>, <a href="mailto:mogul@wrl.dec.com" title="Compaq Computer Corporation">Mogul, J.</a>, <a href="mailto:frystyk@w3.org" title="MIT Laboratory for Computer Science">Frystyk, H.</a>, <a href="mailto:masinter@parc.xerox.com" title="Xerox Corporation">Masinter, L.</a>, <a href="mailto:paulle@microsoft.com" title="Microsoft Corporation">Leach, P.</a>, and <a href="mailto:timbl@w3.org" title="W3C">T. Berners-Lee</a>, “<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616">Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1</a>”, RFC 2616, June 1999. |
|---|
| [52] | 764 | </td> |
|---|
| 765 | </tr> |
|---|
| 766 | </table> |
|---|
| [1099] | 767 | <div class="avoidbreak"> |
|---|
| 768 | <h1 id="rfc.authors"><a href="#rfc.authors">Authors' Addresses</a></h1> |
|---|
| 769 | <address class="vcard"><span class="vcardline"><span class="fn">Roy T. Fielding</span> |
|---|
| 770 | (editor) |
|---|
| 771 | <span class="n hidden"><span class="family-name">Fielding</span><span class="given-name">Roy T.</span></span></span><span class="org vcardline">Day Software</span><span class="adr"><span class="street-address vcardline">23 Corporate Plaza DR, Suite 280</span><span class="vcardline"><span class="locality">Newport Beach</span>, <span class="region">CA</span> <span class="postal-code">92660</span></span><span class="country-name vcardline">USA</span></span><span class="vcardline tel">Phone: <a href="tel:+1-949-706-5300"><span class="value">+1-949-706-5300</span></a></span><span class="vcardline tel"><span class="type">Fax</span>: <a href="fax:+1-949-706-5305"><span class="value">+1-949-706-5305</span></a></span><span class="vcardline">EMail: <a href="mailto:fielding@gbiv.com"><span class="email">fielding@gbiv.com</span></a></span><span class="vcardline">URI: <a href="http://roy.gbiv.com/" class="url">http://roy.gbiv.com/</a></span></address> |
|---|
| 772 | <address class="vcard"><span class="vcardline"><span class="fn">Jim Gettys</span><span class="n hidden"><span class="family-name">Gettys</span><span class="given-name">Jim</span></span></span><span class="org vcardline">One Laptop per Child</span><span class="adr"><span class="street-address vcardline">21 Oak Knoll Road</span><span class="vcardline"><span class="locality">Carlisle</span>, <span class="region">MA</span> <span class="postal-code">01741</span></span><span class="country-name vcardline">USA</span></span><span class="vcardline">EMail: <a href="mailto:jg@laptop.org"><span class="email">jg@laptop.org</span></a></span><span class="vcardline">URI: <a href="http://www.laptop.org/" class="url">http://www.laptop.org/</a></span></address> |
|---|
| 773 | <address class="vcard"><span class="vcardline"><span class="fn">Jeffrey C. Mogul</span><span class="n hidden"><span class="family-name">Mogul</span><span class="given-name">Jeffrey C.</span></span></span><span class="org vcardline">Hewlett-Packard Company</span><span class="adr"><span class="street-address vcardline">HP Labs, Large Scale Systems Group</span><span class="street-address vcardline">1501 Page Mill Road, MS 1177</span><span class="vcardline"><span class="locality">Palo Alto</span>, <span class="region">CA</span> <span class="postal-code">94304</span></span><span class="country-name vcardline">USA</span></span><span class="vcardline">EMail: <a href="mailto:JeffMogul@acm.org"><span class="email">JeffMogul@acm.org</span></a></span></address> |
|---|
| 774 | <address class="vcard"><span class="vcardline"><span class="fn">Henrik Frystyk Nielsen</span><span class="n hidden"><span class="family-name">Frystyk</span></span></span><span class="org vcardline">Microsoft Corporation</span><span class="adr"><span class="street-address vcardline">1 Microsoft Way</span><span class="vcardline"><span class="locality">Redmond</span>, <span class="region">WA</span> <span class="postal-code">98052</span></span><span class="country-name vcardline">USA</span></span><span class="vcardline">EMail: <a href="mailto:henrikn@microsoft.com"><span class="email">henrikn@microsoft.com</span></a></span></address> |
|---|
| 775 | <address class="vcard"><span class="vcardline"><span class="fn">Larry Masinter</span><span class="n hidden"><span class="family-name">Masinter</span><span class="given-name">Larry</span></span></span><span class="org vcardline">Adobe Systems, Incorporated</span><span class="adr"><span class="street-address vcardline">345 Park Ave</span><span class="vcardline"><span class="locality">San Jose</span>, <span class="region">CA</span> <span class="postal-code">95110</span></span><span class="country-name vcardline">USA</span></span><span class="vcardline">EMail: <a href="mailto:LMM@acm.org"><span class="email">LMM@acm.org</span></a></span><span class="vcardline">URI: <a href="http://larry.masinter.net/" class="url">http://larry.masinter.net/</a></span></address> |
|---|
| 776 | <address class="vcard"><span class="vcardline"><span class="fn">Paul J. Leach</span><span class="n hidden"><span class="family-name">Leach</span><span class="given-name">Paul J.</span></span></span><span class="org vcardline">Microsoft Corporation</span><span class="adr"><span class="street-address vcardline">1 Microsoft Way</span><span class="vcardline"><span class="locality">Redmond</span>, <span class="region">WA</span> <span class="postal-code">98052</span></span></span><span class="vcardline">EMail: <a href="mailto:paulle@microsoft.com"><span class="email">paulle@microsoft.com</span></a></span></address> |
|---|
| 777 | <address class="vcard"><span class="vcardline"><span class="fn">Tim Berners-Lee</span><span class="n hidden"><span class="family-name">Berners-Lee</span><span class="given-name">Tim</span></span></span><span class="org vcardline">World Wide Web Consortium</span><span class="adr"><span class="street-address vcardline">MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</span><span class="street-address vcardline">The Stata Center, Building 32</span><span class="street-address vcardline">32 Vassar Street</span><span class="vcardline"><span class="locality">Cambridge</span>, <span class="region">MA</span> <span class="postal-code">02139</span></span><span class="country-name vcardline">USA</span></span><span class="vcardline">EMail: <a href="mailto:timbl@w3.org"><span class="email">timbl@w3.org</span></a></span><span class="vcardline">URI: <a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/" class="url">http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/</a></span></address> |
|---|
| 778 | </div> |
|---|
| [52] | 779 | <div id="rfc.iref.m.1"></div> |
|---|
| 780 | <div id="rfc.iref.m.2"></div> |
|---|
| [1099] | 781 | <h1 id="rfc.section.A" class="np"><a href="#rfc.section.A">A.</a> <a id="internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges" href="#internet.media.type.multipart.byteranges">Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges</a></h1> |
|---|
| [52] | 782 | <p id="rfc.section.A.p.1">When an HTTP 206 (Partial Content) response message includes the content of multiple ranges (a response to a request for multiple |
|---|
| 783 | non-overlapping ranges), these are transmitted as a multipart message-body. The media type for this purpose is called "multipart/byteranges". |
|---|
| 784 | </p> |
|---|
| 785 | <p id="rfc.section.A.p.2">The multipart/byteranges media type includes two or more parts, each with its own Content-Type and Content-Range fields. The |
|---|
| 786 | required boundary parameter specifies the boundary string used to separate each body-part. |
|---|
| 787 | </p> |
|---|
| 788 | <p id="rfc.section.A.p.3"> </p> |
|---|
| 789 | <dl> |
|---|
| 790 | <dt>Media Type name:</dt> |
|---|
| 791 | <dd>multipart</dd> |
|---|
| 792 | <dt>Media subtype name:</dt> |
|---|
| 793 | <dd>byteranges</dd> |
|---|
| 794 | <dt>Required parameters:</dt> |
|---|
| 795 | <dd>boundary</dd> |
|---|
| 796 | <dt>Optional parameters:</dt> |
|---|
| 797 | <dd>none</dd> |
|---|
| 798 | <dt>Encoding considerations:</dt> |
|---|
| 799 | <dd>only "7bit", "8bit", or "binary" are permitted</dd> |
|---|
| 800 | <dt>Security considerations:</dt> |
|---|
| 801 | <dd>none</dd> |
|---|
| 802 | </dl> |
|---|
| 803 | <div id="rfc.figure.u.15"></div> |
|---|
| 804 | <p>For example:</p><pre class="text"> HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content |
|---|
| 805 | Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 06:25:24 GMT |
|---|
| 806 | Last-Modified: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 04:58:08 GMT |
|---|
| 807 | Content-type: multipart/byteranges; boundary=THIS_STRING_SEPARATES |
|---|
| 808 | |
|---|
| 809 | --THIS_STRING_SEPARATES |
|---|
| 810 | Content-type: application/pdf |
|---|
| 811 | Content-range: bytes 500-999/8000 |
|---|
| 812 | |
|---|
| 813 | ...the first range... |
|---|
| 814 | --THIS_STRING_SEPARATES |
|---|
| 815 | Content-type: application/pdf |
|---|
| 816 | Content-range: bytes 7000-7999/8000 |
|---|
| 817 | |
|---|
| 818 | ...the second range |
|---|
| 819 | --THIS_STRING_SEPARATES-- |
|---|
| 820 | </pre><p id="rfc.section.A.p.5">Notes: </p> |
|---|
| 821 | <ol> |
|---|
| 822 | <li>Additional CRLFs may precede the first boundary string in the entity.</li> |
|---|
| 823 | <li>Although RFC 2046 <a href="#RFC2046" id="rfc.xref.RFC2046.1"><cite title="Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types">[RFC2046]</cite></a> permits the boundary string to be quoted, some existing implementations handle a quoted boundary string incorrectly. |
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| 824 | </li> |
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| 825 | <li>A number of browsers and servers were coded to an early draft of the byteranges specification to use a media type of multipart/x-byteranges<span id="rfc.iref.m.3"></span><span id="rfc.iref.m.4"></span>, which is almost, but not quite compatible with the version documented in HTTP/1.1. |
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| 826 | </li> |
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| 827 | </ol> |
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| 828 | <h1 id="rfc.section.B"><a href="#rfc.section.B">B.</a> <a id="changes.from.rfc.2068" href="#changes.from.rfc.2068">Changes from RFC 2068</a></h1> |
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| 829 | <p id="rfc.section.B.p.1">There are situations where a server (especially a proxy) does not know the full length of a response but is capable of serving |
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| 830 | a byterange request. We therefore need a mechanism to allow byteranges with a content-range not indicating the full length |
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| 831 | of the message. (<a href="#header.content-range" id="rfc.xref.header.content-range.4" title="Content-Range">Section 5.2</a>) |
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| 832 | </p> |
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| 833 | <p id="rfc.section.B.p.2">Range request responses would become very verbose if all meta-data were always returned; by allowing the server to only send |
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| 834 | needed headers in a 206 response, this problem can be avoided. |
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| 835 | </p> |
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| 836 | <p id="rfc.section.B.p.3">Fix problem with unsatisfiable range requests; there are two cases: syntactic problems, and range doesn't exist in the document. |
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| 837 | The 416 status code was needed to resolve this ambiguity needed to indicate an error for a byte range request that falls outside |
|---|
| 838 | of the actual contents of a document. (Section <a href="#status.416" id="rfc.xref.status.416.2" title="416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable">3.2</a>, <a href="#header.content-range" id="rfc.xref.header.content-range.5" title="Content-Range">5.2</a>) |
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| 839 | </p> |
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| 840 | <h1 id="rfc.index"><a href="#rfc.index">Index</a></h1> |
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| 841 | <p class="noprint"><a href="#rfc.index.2">2</a> <a href="#rfc.index.4">4</a> <a href="#rfc.index.A">A</a> <a href="#rfc.index.C">C</a> <a href="#rfc.index.G">G</a> <a href="#rfc.index.H">H</a> <a href="#rfc.index.I">I</a> <a href="#rfc.index.M">M</a> <a href="#rfc.index.P">P</a> <a href="#rfc.index.R">R</a> <a href="#rfc.index.S">S</a> |
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| 842 | </p> |
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| 843 | <div class="print2col"> |
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| 844 | <ul class="ind"> |
|---|
| [1099] | 845 | <li><a id="rfc.index.2" href="#rfc.index.2"><b>2</b></a><ul> |
|---|
| 846 | <li>206 Partial Content (status code) <a href="#rfc.iref.3"><b>3.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| [52] | 847 | </ul> |
|---|
| 848 | </li> |
|---|
| [1099] | 849 | <li><a id="rfc.index.4" href="#rfc.index.4"><b>4</b></a><ul> |
|---|
| 850 | <li>416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable (status code) <a href="#rfc.iref.4"><b>3.2</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.status.416.1">5.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.status.416.2">B</a></li> |
|---|
| [52] | 851 | </ul> |
|---|
| 852 | </li> |
|---|
| [1099] | 853 | <li><a id="rfc.index.A" href="#rfc.index.A"><b>A</b></a><ul> |
|---|
| 854 | <li>Accept-Ranges header <a href="#rfc.iref.a.1"><b>5.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| [52] | 855 | </ul> |
|---|
| 856 | </li> |
|---|
| [1099] | 857 | <li><a id="rfc.index.C" href="#rfc.index.C"><b>C</b></a><ul> |
|---|
| 858 | <li>Content-Range header <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.1">2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.2">3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.3">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.iref.c.1"><b>5.2</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.4">B</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.5">B</a></li> |
|---|
| [52] | 859 | </ul> |
|---|
| 860 | </li> |
|---|
| [1099] | 861 | <li><a id="rfc.index.G" href="#rfc.index.G"><b>G</b></a><ul> |
|---|
| 862 | <li><tt>Grammar</tt> |
|---|
| 863 | <ul> |
|---|
| 864 | <li><tt>Accept-Ranges</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.4"><b>5.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 865 | <li><tt>acceptable-ranges</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.5"><b>5.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 866 | <li><tt>byte-content-range-spec</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.8"><b>5.2</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 867 | <li><tt>byte-range-resp-spec</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.9"><b>5.2</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 868 | <li><tt>byte-range-set</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.14"><b>5.4.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 869 | <li><tt>byte-range-spec</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.15"><b>5.4.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 870 | <li><tt>byte-ranges-specifier</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.13"><b>5.4.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 871 | <li><tt>bytes-unit</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.2"><b>2</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 872 | <li><tt>Content-Range</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.6"><b>5.2</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 873 | <li><tt>content-range-spec</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.7"><b>5.2</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 874 | <li><tt>first-byte-pos</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.16"><b>5.4.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 875 | <li><tt>If-Range</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.11"><b>5.3</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 876 | <li><tt>instance-length</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.10"><b>5.2</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 877 | <li><tt>last-byte-pos</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.17"><b>5.4.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 878 | <li><tt>other-range-unit</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.3"><b>2</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 879 | <li><tt>Range</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.20"><b>5.4.2</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 880 | <li><tt>range-unit</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.1"><b>2</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 881 | <li><tt>ranges-specifier</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.12"><b>5.4.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 882 | <li><tt>suffix-byte-range-spec</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.18"><b>5.4.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 883 | <li><tt>suffix-length</tt> <a href="#rfc.iref.g.19"><b>5.4.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| [52] | 884 | </ul> |
|---|
| 885 | </li> |
|---|
| 886 | </ul> |
|---|
| 887 | </li> |
|---|
| [1099] | 888 | <li><a id="rfc.index.H" href="#rfc.index.H"><b>H</b></a><ul> |
|---|
| 889 | <li>Headers |
|---|
| 890 | <ul> |
|---|
| 891 | <li>Accept-Ranges <a href="#rfc.iref.h.1"><b>5.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 892 | <li>Content-Range <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.1">2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.2">3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.3">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.iref.h.2"><b>5.2</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.4">B</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.content-range.5">B</a></li> |
|---|
| 893 | <li>If-Range <a href="#rfc.xref.header.if-range.1">3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.iref.h.3"><b>5.3</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.if-range.2">5.4.2</a></li> |
|---|
| 894 | <li>Range <a href="#rfc.xref.header.range.1">2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.range.2">3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.range.3">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.iref.h.4"><b>5.4</b></a></li> |
|---|
| [52] | 895 | </ul> |
|---|
| 896 | </li> |
|---|
| 897 | </ul> |
|---|
| 898 | </li> |
|---|
| [1099] | 899 | <li><a id="rfc.index.I" href="#rfc.index.I"><b>I</b></a><ul> |
|---|
| 900 | <li>If-Range header <a href="#rfc.xref.header.if-range.1">3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.iref.i.1"><b>5.3</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.if-range.2">5.4.2</a></li> |
|---|
| [52] | 901 | </ul> |
|---|
| 902 | </li> |
|---|
| [1099] | 903 | <li><a id="rfc.index.M" href="#rfc.index.M"><b>M</b></a><ul> |
|---|
| 904 | <li>Media Type |
|---|
| 905 | <ul> |
|---|
| 906 | <li>multipart/byteranges <a href="#rfc.iref.m.1"><b>A</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 907 | <li>multipart/x-byteranges <a href="#rfc.iref.m.4">A</a></li> |
|---|
| [52] | 908 | </ul> |
|---|
| 909 | </li> |
|---|
| [1099] | 910 | <li>multipart/byteranges Media Type <a href="#rfc.iref.m.2"><b>A</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 911 | <li>multipart/x-byteranges Media Type <a href="#rfc.iref.m.3">A</a></li> |
|---|
| [52] | 912 | </ul> |
|---|
| 913 | </li> |
|---|
| [1099] | 914 | <li><a id="rfc.index.P" href="#rfc.index.P"><b>P</b></a><ul> |
|---|
| 915 | <li><em>Part1</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.Part1.1">7</a>, <a href="#Part1"><b>9</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 916 | <li><em>Part4</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.Part4.1">3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part4.2">4</a>, <a href="#Part4"><b>9</b></a><ul> |
|---|
| 917 | <li><em>Section 4</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.Part4.1">3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.Part4.2">4</a></li> |
|---|
| [52] | 918 | </ul> |
|---|
| 919 | </li> |
|---|
| 920 | </ul> |
|---|
| 921 | </li> |
|---|
| [1099] | 922 | <li><a id="rfc.index.R" href="#rfc.index.R"><b>R</b></a><ul> |
|---|
| 923 | <li>Range header <a href="#rfc.xref.header.range.1">2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.range.2">3.1</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.header.range.3">3.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.iref.r.1"><b>5.4</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 924 | <li><em>RFC2046</em> <a href="#RFC2046"><b>9</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC2046.1">A</a></li> |
|---|
| 925 | <li><em>RFC2616</em> <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC2616.1">§</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.RFC2616.2">1</a>, <a href="#RFC2616"><b>9</b></a></li> |
|---|
| [52] | 926 | </ul> |
|---|
| 927 | </li> |
|---|
| [1099] | 928 | <li><a id="rfc.index.S" href="#rfc.index.S"><b>S</b></a><ul> |
|---|
| 929 | <li>Status Codes |
|---|
| 930 | <ul> |
|---|
| 931 | <li>206 Partial Content <a href="#rfc.iref.s.1"><b>3.1</b></a></li> |
|---|
| 932 | <li>416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable <a href="#rfc.iref.s.2"><b>3.2</b></a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.status.416.1">5.2</a>, <a href="#rfc.xref.status.416.2">B</a></li> |
|---|
| [52] | 933 | </ul> |
|---|
| 934 | </li> |
|---|
| 935 | </ul> |
|---|
| 936 | </li> |
|---|
| 937 | </ul> |
|---|
| 938 | </div> |
|---|
| [1099] | 939 | <h1><a id="rfc.copyright" href="#rfc.copyright">Full Copyright Statement</a></h1> |
|---|
| 940 | <p>Copyright © The IETF Trust (2007).</p> |
|---|
| 941 | <p>This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the |
|---|
| 942 | authors retain all their rights. |
|---|
| 943 | </p> |
|---|
| 944 | <p>This document and the information contained herein are provided on an “AS IS” basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION |
|---|
| 945 | HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE |
|---|
| 946 | DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN |
|---|
| 947 | WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. |
|---|
| 948 | </p> |
|---|
| 949 | <h1><a id="rfc.ipr" href="#rfc.ipr">Intellectual Property</a></h1> |
|---|
| 950 | <p>The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might |
|---|
| 951 | be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any |
|---|
| 952 | license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to |
|---|
| 953 | identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and |
|---|
| 954 | BCP 79. |
|---|
| 955 | </p> |
|---|
| 956 | <p>Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result |
|---|
| 957 | of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users |
|---|
| 958 | of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at <a href="http://www.ietf.org/ipr">http://www.ietf.org/ipr</a>. |
|---|
| 959 | </p> |
|---|
| 960 | <p>The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary |
|---|
| 961 | rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF |
|---|
| 962 | at <a href="mailto:ietf-ipr@ietf.org">ietf-ipr@ietf.org</a>. |
|---|
| 963 | </p> |
|---|
| [52] | 964 | </body> |
|---|
| 965 | </html> |
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